making the distinction between force and violence

8/2/2019 Making the distinction between force and violence

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On force and violence, justice and passion:

Force is the empowerment of law andorder: force: power to influence, affect,

or control; efficacious power: the forceof circumstances; a force for law andorder. Latin: fortia; derivative of Latin:fortis; strong.

Violence to act against someone out ofpassion and anger rather than from adesire to see law, order, and justice upheld:violence: an unjust, unwarranted, orunlawful display of force, esp. such as tends

to overawe or intimidate. damage, fromAnglo-Fr. and O.Fr. violence, from Latin: violentia vehemence, impetuosity, fromviolentus vehement, forcible, probably related to violare (see: violate).

Justice is to render to each that which is their due: justice, the moral principledetermining just conduct; conformity to this principle, as manifested in conduct; justconduct, dealing, or treatment; to act or treat justly or fairly the administering ofdeserved punishment or reward. Latin jstitia, equivalent to jst ( us )just1 + -itia -ice

Passion is emotional as opposed to being rational: passion any powerful or compelling

emotion or feeling, as love or hate. Latin passin- (stem of passi ) Christs sufferingson the cross, any of the Biblical accounts of these (passin), special use of Late Latinpassi suffering, submission, derivative of Latin passus, past participle of pat to suffer,submit.

A case study of violence and force:

Violence: a man who has just attempted to rob a Capital One Bank branch at TakomaPark Md., attempted escape by taking a hostage at gunpoint.

Force: as the robber was escaping, he slips on ice. Police, with their weapons drawnseized the chance, shooting the robber as his hostage made it to safety. The hostage-taking robber later died of his wounds.

VIDEO Hostage Taking Bank Robber Shot and Killed

VIDEO Chinese Police rescue hostage and take the kidnaper
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VIDEO - Fr. Barron comments on Abortion: Shocking Numbers out of New York

VIDEO - Fr. Marcel Guarnizo Summer of Mercy 2.0

See: Concerning women and legal abortions: abortion on demand is degrading and

unjust for women

Peace founded on justice. Jesus came upon earth not only to preach peace, but to bringjustice, which is the foundation and the safeguard of peace, as we have seen. Theprophet Isaiah, speaking of the future Redeemer, says: And justice shall be the girdleof his loins. (Is. 6:5). And the Psalmist, describing the work of the Messiah, exclaimed:

Justice and peace have kissed. (Ps. 84:11). How Christ inculcated justice, the basicvirtue of individual and social life, we have already seen. His disciples must not only

hunger and thirst after justice (Matt. 5:6), but they must be ready to suffer every kindof persecution rather than default in their duties toward justice. In fact, the lastbeatitude runs thus: Blessed are they that suffer persecution for the sake of justice, for

theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (Matt. 5:10).
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The peace of Christ is not,therefore, any peacewhatever, peace at any cost.It is peace founded on

justice; therefore whenjustice is violated and thereis no other means ofredressing it, it is lawful tohave recourse to force,which is entirely differentfrom violence, since it is notsummoned to the service ofcaprice or of passions, (likeviolence), but of law andorder. Hence, the lawfulness

of war under certain circumstances. According to Catholic moral theology, war is lawfulwhen:

It is declared by legitimate authority;

It is just; that is, is waged for a just motive, such as re-establishing justice whenoffended, repairing an injury or defending oneself against aggression;

It is inevitable; that is, when all other peaceful means of obtaining justice and ofobtaining redress have failed;

It is useful; insofar as it is likely that the advantages obtained will outweigh thedamages suffered.

Some pacifists accuse the religion of Christ with legalizing war which, according tothem, is never lawful. It should be pointed out to these people that justice is a highergood than peace itself, because without justice, as already observed, there can be nohuman society. That accounts for the coining of the aphorism: fiat justitia, pereatmundas let justice be done, though the world perish!
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Christian peace, besides being foundedon justice, is inspired by charity. As amatter of fact, it is difficult to observethe rules of justice if there is no fire of

charity burning in the heart. Indeed,charity is the inspirer, the nourisher, theguardian ofpeace. If men lovethemselves like brothers, they cannotoffend or kill one another asenemiesThe peace of Christ waspromised by the heavenly messengersto men of good will; and the will isgood precisely when it is guided by

justice and inspired by love. The prophetIsaiah saw and described this wonderful

scene in the future reign of Christ: Thewolf and the lamb shall feed together,the lion and ox shall eat straw. (Is.65:25).

What will ever be able to achieve this prodigy, that those who are wont to tear eachother to pieces should become friends? The love of Christ. Take away this love and thatwhich a cynical philosopher fancied concerning the origins of society will readily cometrue: : homo homini lupas Man is a wolf to man.

The representatives of all nations have been seeking and are still seeking a way togeneral disarmament, or at least to substantial reduction of arms. Physicaldisarmament is an excellent thing, but either it will never come to pass, or it will notlast, unless it is preceded and accompanied by moral disarmament: that of vengeance,of individual and collective selfishness. Peace is sometimes represented by a dovebearing an olive branch in its beak. This dove of peace soars aloft on two wings, thenames of which are justice and love.

See: The Social Principles of the Catholic Church

We are living in an era whose atmosphere is saturated with the flames of hatred, ~ Fr.

Miceli (see: The Roots of Violence)
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Today this hatred, violence and non serviam mentality has reached epic proportions. Itis alarming not just what is happening, but that more did not take Fr. Vincent seriouslywhen he was alive. Father clearly in his book showed how Sacred Scripture testifies tothe connection between the hatred for truth and the violent actions that flow from it.Why the lie is the father of violence and atheism is the lie that leads to the mostterrifying violence of all, and why ours is more than ever the Age of the Persistent Lie,with lies the common currency of politics, the media, commerce, education, and as wehave seen over the past decade, common among the hierarchy of the Church wherescandal is increased ten-fold. Father illustrated the two kinds of atheism. One that leadsto totalitarianism, the other to the worst features of our own degenerate society as wesink lower than Sodom and Gomorrah. These are all aspects of modern violence thatmake it more barbarous than that of earlier civilizations.

Fr Vincent Miceli SJ

Fr. Miceli laid out clearly how violence differs from power and forceand how the loss of that distinction has crippled societys self-defensesagainst crime and terrorism. As another reviewer wrote, Violent delightshave violent ends, wrote William Shakespeare. Fr. Miceli proves that
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literally true, in his hair-raising chapter on The Violence of Lustwhich the reviewerwarned was not for the easily traumatized for Father held little black in proving thatsodomy is always a form of violent exploitation of another, regardless of whether theparticipants are consenting and that there is no such thing as private life for privatelust always flows over into public mores whether in political or ecclesial circles or the

common day citizen. We can see today in 2004, especially after the abominations inMassachusetts, San Francisco and elsewhere that sodomy is a runaway monsterthreatening to violently intimidate and engulf all in its path. Father hit at how violencewas part and parcel of pornography and due to the internet and other high-techadvancements such as video cams, everyone is inundated with violence. He exposedthe psychobabble that every bishop should have realized. He wrote, the modern worldis drowning in violence because it has thought it possible to substitute Mammon forGod, Libido for Liberty, the cacaphony of the media television, the secular press,exploding radios and narco-mysticism for the voices of reason and revelation as theideological guarantee of the happy life. In surveying the casualties today, we can seethe terrible carnage which only reaffirms Fr. Micelis words and shows how stupid most

of the world has been for dismissing Fr. Miceli as an alarmist. Well he should be and hewas for he could see so many losing their salvation.

Source: http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/04May/may22ttt.htm
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See: The Roots of Violence byVincent P. Miceli

The peace of Christ is not, therefore, any peace whatever, peace at any cost. It ispeace founded on justice; therefore when justice is violated and there is no othermeans of redressing it, it is lawful to have recourse to force, which is entirely different

from violence, since it is not summoned to the service of caprice or of passions, (likeviolence), but of law and order. ~ Msgr. Luigi Civardi of Catholic Action

The Fascination of Violenceby Fr. Vincent P. Miceli, S.J.

Source: CatholicCulture.org

The violence-explosion is at present horrifying and stupefying the minds of men all overthe world. Future historians will be sorely taxed to explain the unparalleled internationalcrescendo of savage assaults in all forms of intimidation, vandalism, kidnapping, bodilybrutality and guerilla warfare against persons and institutions. For the escalation ofviolence represents a spiritual reality similar to a Hydra-headed serpent; it is apersistent, ever increasing evil with many sources and causes, Indeed the apologists forthe wave of the new barbarism are not merely, nor even primarily, demonically sickindividuals, but rather organized groups who have raised nihilistic anarchism to thestatus of a religion whose fundamental dogma seems to be: I kill, therefore I am.Inspired and sustained by this metaphysic of murder, centres of organized revolutionhave mushroomed in every nation. They seem bent on demonstrating the truth of OscarWildes aphorism: Moderation is a fatal thing. Nothing succeeds like excess. Moreover,they enthusiastically strive to experience both the subject and the object ofShakespeares truism: Violent delights have violent ends.

Champion of extremes

Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche is the prophet who foresaw and foretold the coming ofthe modern age of violence. Indeed, he proclaimed its greatestcommandment whose faithful practice would create a society ofsavages. The time has come, he wrote, to oppose morality with

immorality, to call what priests call good, evil and what they callevil, good. The time has come for the transvaluation of all values.This prophet of modernity, of revolutionary society and radicalthought was a champion of extremes. We immoralists do not evenneed to lie We would come into power even without the truth. . .The magic that fights for us is the magic of extremism. Nietzsche, who accepted withpride the description of himself as an aristocratic radical. was used by Marx and hisfollowers to create citadels (Russia, Red China, Cuba) for armies of proletarian radicals.
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We would identify and expose the rootreason for the delirium of violence whichis rampant today. It is the attack againstGod. Behind the metaphysic of murder

lies the metaphysic of hate. I refusetherefore I am Refusal to serve God wasthe cry under which Satan broughtviolent rebellion among the angels. Heseduced men into aping his fanaticalrefusal and thus brought violence anddeath upon the earth. Christ testifiesthat this father of lies was a murdererfrom the beginning and he warns thePharisees that men who reject God willfreely choose to become the children of

Satan, and will follow in their livesSatans desires and deeds. We live in an

age of violence because we live in an ageof organized and spreading atheism. In the West a generation that has rejectedabsolute Christian truths and values, that has dissolved God into a series of harmlessabstractions, that disestablished and secularized religion, that has praisedpermissiveness and tolerance of heresy and immorality, is living a life pleasing to thatmurderer from the beginning. Such a Judaeo-Christian civilization is trying to live not offthe substance but off the vanishing perfume of Christianity. In coming to terms withlying, fornication, adultery, sexual perversion, divorce and mass abortion this civilizationhas opted for a life of sin-the source of every violent way of life. Such a civilization

cannot any longer attract men to ideals and virtues it has long rejected. On the contraryit inflames men to violent rebellion because of its betrayal of these values and of itshypocrisy in still posing as Christian. Our modern godless civilization with its amazingadvancement in technical progress has, nevertheless, turned men into machines,destroying their sense of personal dignity and responsibility. True, it has afforded manmuch upper middle class affluence. But even this, because it lacks religious roots hasonly excited the passions of greed and pleasure, has riveted man to an earthly, ruthlesscompetition for more wealth and power and suffocated his spiritual aspirations. Therebels of today are striking in blind hatred against this system of post-Christianhedonism. For a society that has nothing to peddle but facts and things, that can nolonger throw light on the spiritual dimension and destiny of man, is being violently

vomited out of the mouth of mankind.

Failure of authority

An allied reason for the growth of violence is the failure of authority to exercise itself asa bulwark against crime. This failure is also due to the weakened faith of both civil andreligious authorities. As the poet Yeats so well expressed this problem: The best in
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society seem to lack all conviction, the worst are full of passionate intensity. Forviolence proliferates with the breakdown of authority. And authority breaks down whenChristian convictions are denied in theory or cowardly betrayed in conduct. Whengovernors, superiors, lawmakers, administrators and teachers cease to believe theyhave a body of truth to teach and a code of Christian goodness to live, inculcate into

others and die for, both of which come from and bind men to the God of Goodness andLove, then the community is abandoned by its leaders and left a prey to professionalinciters of murder and rapine. For once bereft of effective Christian leadership, themasses are pathetically prone to heed the siren call to revolution. When authority isconfused, apathetic, fearful of performing its duty, then society falls into the hands ofthe most cunning and powerful who are usually organized and proceed ruthlessly toamalgate communities into communes. When authority is weak it often succumbs toblackmail thus becoming a catalyst to fiercer attacks of the revolutionaries. Forsuccessful violence inevitably calls forth greater, bolder violence. What civil, andespecially religious authorities must realize is that the apologists for organized violenceknow no loyalty, reverence no reality. They are neo-nihilists, spiritually famished,

deprived of God by self-denial, deprived of mature personhood by self-destruction. Theyare waifs of a materialist, godless civilization. What they need is not coddling butdiscipline. What they admire and respond to is not cowardly captitulation, but firmconvictions and adamant enforcement of moral and civil laws. When authorities, civiland religious show a courage that is the fruit of deep Christian convictions and conduct,then the rising tide of violence, fruit of a disintegrating Christian civilization, will beginto fall to a low ebb. Then the spiritual starvelings who are fascinated with the violenceof gangsters may be won instead to the violence of saints which conquers the kingdomof heaven and leads to a life of love with God and man.

The Taproot of Violence

by Fr. Vincent P. Miceli, S.J.


He (Satan) is your father,and your will is to do yourfathers desires. He was amurderer from the beginning

and was never grounded inthe truth . . . for he is a liarand the father of lies. (John8:44)

We are living in an era whose atmosphere is saturated with the flames of hatred. It isan age of violence whose tempo of disruption is so rapidly escalating that there is
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of gravity, to pull down to destruction every civil and religious community striving forsocial justice and peace. Now both Nietzsche and Marx foresaw the public victory of theextreme side of their thinking. This gave them both the experience of triumphantpower. There is a hypnotizing fascination in their fanaticisms. Their chaotic excesses,their iron wills, their high voltage writings have attracted millions over the last hundred

years to fly with suicidal enthusiasm and madness into their incandescent ideologies.Nietzsche was forever knocking down things and taking wild delight in their destruction:

O My Brothers, am I cruel? But I say: What is falling we should still push. Everythingtoday falls and decays: Who would check it? But II even want to push it. Do youknow the voluptuous delight, which rolls stones into deep depths? These human beingsof today Look at them! How they roll into my depth! I am a prelude of better players.O My Brothers! A precedent! Follow my precedent! And he whom you cannot teach tofly, teach to fall, faster! To this mankind of today I will not be a light, nor be called alight. Those I will blind! Put out their eyes, O Flash of my Wisdom!5

We are living in the days of Nietzsches better players who, ecstatic with thevoluptuous delight, which rolls humans into deep depths, keep pushing society to thebrink of social chaos and suicide. Yeats in his poem The Second Spring, reveals themurderous zeal of Nietzsches modern ideological offspring:

Things fall apart; the center cannot holdthe blood-dimmed tide is loosed and everywhereThe ceremony of innocence is drowned.The best lack all conviction, while the worst areFull of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;Surely the Second Coming is at hand.6

The word violence is derived from the Latin verb violare, which means to use force soas to injure an innocent person in his physical and spiritual welfare. To be more specific,this force is often used to subdue, dominate, rob, rape or kill, the innocent, perhaps tooeven his family, friends and properties. When such attacks of force were made againstinstitutions, then the violence engendered took on more heinous proportions because ofits social and religious aspect. For the Greeks and Romans, and for us their culturalheirs, violence against sacred persons was a sacrilege, against temples a profanation,against the state treason, against oaths perjury. Such violent acts were seen as acts of

irreligious contempt for law, a dishonoring of the gods, barbarian attempts to overthrowreligion, the holy empire and its emperor gods. Though used today more often in itsfirst, predominantly secular meaning given above, violence still retains its profane,sacrilegious dimension especially when sacred persons, places and things are thevictims of its onslaughts. And this onslaught on sacred beings is occurring morefrequently today as violence becomes a worldwide, universal phenomenon. Popes,ministers, rabbis, nuns, priests, temples, mosques, synagogues and churches have beenfrequently and flagrantly assaulted within the last fifteen years. And there is no end in


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sight for todays violent offspring of Nietzsche, Marx and the atheist humanists aredetermined to destroy not merely the secular but, above all, the sacred.

It suffices to look at some of the ruins. The universities, once centers of Christianwisdom, are now very often training grounds for post-Christian pagans. In the cities

mass confrontation has degenerated into guerrilla warfare. In the Churches clergymenand clergywomen, seeking notoriety, proclaim the new morality of hedonism andengage in the burning of property, the supplying of rebels with lethal weapons. In themedia, under the rubric of liberty and reform, the role of traitors and violent protestersis romanticized. Thus, factories, schools, theatres, civic halls and chapels have becomelaunching pads for the projection of violence into the surrounding peacefulcommunities.

Our Laws Are Under Siege

Concerning television as an agent in the spread of violence we now have a scientificreport that proves this to be true. On May 6, 1982, the National Institute of MentalHealth published a Federal Report, the result of 10 years of careful research, on therelationship between violence in everyday human behavior and violence on thetelevision screen.7 The report concluded that there is now overwhelming scientificevidence that excessive violence on television leads directly to growing aggressionand violent behavior among children and teenagers. The report states: In magnitude,television violence is as strongly correlated with aggressive behavior as any otherbehavioral variable that has been measured. Children, teenagers and even adults whoheavily viewed violent programs were found to be often in conflict at home, fighting onthe streets and in aggressive delinquency at play. Television has become a violent form

of entertainment. Why? There are at least four reasons. 1) Frequent visual violentbehavior rubs off on youngsters the way language, cultural and social skills are learnedand imitated from parents and friends. 2) Violent attitude postures and changes areinduced by the heavy violence witnessed on the screen. Viewers become distrustful,suspicious, unruly, and antisocial after the characters they are constantly viewing. 3)

Violent episodes often arouse physiological reactions leading to violent deeds. 4) Thetoo frequent viewing of violent scenes is often used by viewers to justify their ownaggressive conduct, especially when these viewers eagerly identify with their favoritetelevision stars on violent programs.8 Because violence has been idolized, romanticized,fantasized, viewers want to participate in it. Thus television has become an occasion ofviolent sins for the unwary, untrained, easily seduced youth of the nation, while the

channels, the producers and actors of the programs rake in millions from theunconcerned advertisers who could care less what happens to the nations youth aslong as they rake in their multimillions too.


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In politics, ideological sloganizing develops the proclivityfor violence in the intellectually rootless and spirituallydepersonalized masses, fashioning them into willingstorm-troopers bent on overturning legal and peace-

keeping institutions with neither thought nor care aboutwhat to put in their places. And the courts, havingusurped legislative power and become sociologicalagents bent on advancing the general will for corruptiondisguised as progress, deliver the worst blows againstmans civil and religious liberties. For the Justices seemto consider themselves as movers and shapers of thecountrys destiny rather than as impersonal spokesmenfor the law. The decision in Roe v. Wade converted thecrime of murder against innocent, helpless humans inthe womb into the folly and madness of a permanent

law. British historian Edward Gibbon wrote in TheHistory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empirethat, the discretion of the judge is the first engine oftyranny.9 This is especially true today when judges see themselves not as faithfulinterpreters of the law but as social reformers who make the law mean what their ownsociological prepossessions want it to mean. Is it any wonder that today the courts arecoddling criminals while betraying the fundamental rights of innocent victims? For theywho do violence to the law perpetrate violence against the citizenry that must be

judged by the law. The Justices, the judges and the courts may be today the greatestagents of violence against the greatest number of helpless, innocent American childrenwho should be the greatest resource that the nation has for its future. A nation under

judgment by Justices, judges and courts that have slipped their legal moorings in orderto usurp legislative power is headed for shipwreck on the shoals of legalisticimperialism. Such is the violent, tragic state of affairs in the United States at the presentmoment.

The West Has Opted For Sin

What is the taproot, which is causing such growth in the delirium for violence, which isrampant today? It is the attack against God. It is hatred of the truth. Behind themetaphysic of murder lies the metaphysic of hatred of the created order. I refuse to

accept this order of things. I will not serve, therefore I am. Refusal to serve God wasthe cry under which Satan brought violence and rebellion among the angels as theystood trial in the vestibule of heaven. Christ told his apostles: I saw Satan like lightningfalling from heaven.10 Elsewhere, we read: Satan and his wicked demons were drawndown by infernal ropes into the depths of hell.11 Christ himself testified that this

father of lies was a murderer from the beginning, thus making the connectionbetween hatred of the truth and the lust for violence. He warned the Pharisees thatmen who reject Gods plan for their salvation will imitate Satans deeds.
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As a matter of history, the religious leaders of the Jews were looking for a Messiah whowould be a conquering hero, a military Savior who would subject the Gentiles to theservice of the Chosen People and thus usher in that worldly, materialistic Utopia whichthe leaders had falsely fabricated from their misinterpretations of the Scriptures. Whenking Herod heard of the birth of the king of the Jews in Bethlehem, he sent soldiers to

seek him out and kill him as a threatening rival in political power. So secularized had thenotion of the Messiah become among the Jews. But God, ever faithful to the revelationshe gave his prophets, sent his Son as the Suffering Servant to save all nations throughhis humiliation and death on the cross. Instead of a terrestrial kingdom of pleasure andpower, the Son of God established a supernatural kingdom of sacrifice and sanctity. Thisplan of God, this humble Messiah scandalized the Pharisees. They rejected Christ,fought against his kingdom, and plotted his death. If they could not have their own typeof Messiah, neither would they accept Gods. To make sure the Jewish people would notbe seduced by Christ, they plotted the death of Christ and trapped the Romans intodoing their dirty work for them. And then, as if this hatred of Gods truth were not badenough, in the presence of their Roman masters, whom they despised, they justified

their violence against Christ by shouting out, in a frenzy of mob madness, thissacrilegious lie: We have no king but Caesar!

We live in an age of violence because we live in an age of organized and spreadingatheism. In the West, nations that have rejected absolute Christian values and truths,that have dissolved God into a series of harmless abstractions, that have disestablishedand secularized religion, that have fostered permissiveness and favored heresy, areliving lives pleasing to that murderer from the beginning. Such a pseudo-Christiancivilization is trying to live off the vanishing perfume of Christianity, having abandonedits substance long ago. In coming to terms with lying, fornication, adultery, divorce,sexual perversion and mass abortion, the West has opted for a life of sinthe source of

every violent way of life. Such a decadent civilization cannot any longer attract itscitizens to work for the ideals and virtues it has long betrayed. On the contrary, corruptnations inflame men to violent rebellion because of their betrayal of these values and oftheir hypocrisy in still posing as champions of Christianity.

Betrayal Arises In Mans Heart

Our modern atheistic Leviathans with their amazing advancement in technical progresshave, nevertheless, turned men into machines, destroying their sense of personaldignity and responsibility. True, they have afforded man much upper middle class

affluence. But even this, because it lacks religious roots, has only excited the passionsof greed and pleasure, has riveted man to an earthly, ruthless competition for morewealth and power and has suffocated his spiritual, humane aspirations. Therevolutionaries of today are striking in blind hatred against this system of post-Christianhedonism. For nations that have nothing to peddle but facts and things, that attempt tosolve social problems with an anti-life policy of legalizing and financing contraceptionand abortion, that can no longer throw light on the spiritual dimension and destiny ofman, are being violently vomited out of the stomach of an enraged mankind.


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Falsity is the heart of immorality, and hatredof truth is the taproot of criminal violence.Unfortunately, men take violence for grantedas an ugly fact of life and seldom attempt to

plumb the metaphysical and theological rootsof its nature and existence. We are all awareof the tremendous role of violence in theunfolding history of human events. But whatis not realized is that the apparentarbitrariness and haphazardness of violencecan be and ought to be seriously andprecisely analyzed from the philosophical andtheological point of view. The need for athorough-going treatise on criminalaggressivity is testified to by the rising flood

of objective evils perpetrated by individualand organized agents of violence.

Many Are Tempted To Be Untrue

As we saw earlier, violence entered creationfrom the rebellion of Lucifer. This rebellion arose from the heart of pride. But the sin ofpride is the offspring of the vice known as hatred of truth. Hatred of truth is the resultof the creatures attempt to rearrange Gods hierarchy of beings and values into anorder, which the creature prefers to the plan of God. This attempt immediately producesthe violence of disorder, the chaos of falsity and immorality. For hatred of truth is reallyhatred of God who creates all things wisely and governs them lovingly. Lucifer, theMorning Star, was instantly deformed into the Prince of Darkness because he attemptedto live a lie. He wanted to dethrone God and become God himself. Here is Scripturesaccount of the event:

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, who did rise in the morning? How are youfallen to the earth, that did wound the nations? And you said in your heart: I willascend into heaven; I will exalt my throne above the stars of God; I will sit in themountain of the covenant, in the sides of the north. I will ascend above the height ofthe clouds. I will be like the Most High. But yet you shall be brought down into hell, into

the depths of the pit.12

And St. Peter relates the divine vengeance that hatred of truth drew down upondemons and evil men alike:

For God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but dragged them down by infernalropes to Tartarus, and delivered them to be tortured and kept in custody for judgment.
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Nor did he spare the ancient world, but preserved (with seven others) Noe a herald ofjustice, when he brought a flood upon the world of the impious. And he condemned thecities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes, thus makingthem an example to those who in the future should live impiously.13

St. John the Evangelist in his Apocalypse sees in a flashback vision the violence thatbroke out between the demons and the holy angels:

And there was a battle in heaven; Michael and his angels battled with the dragon, andthe dragon fought with his angels. And they did not prevail, neither was their placefound any more in heaven. And that great dragon was cast down, the ancient serpent,he who is called the devil and Satan, who leads astray the whole world: and he wascast down to the earth and with him his angels were cast down . . . Woe to the earthand to the sea, because the devil has gone down to you in great wrath, knowing thathe has but a short time.14

St. Thomas starts with the truth taught by Christ to his apostles that all evil issues forthfrom an evil heart and bad will. But the things that proceed out of the mouth comefrom the heart, and it is they that defile a man. For out of the heart come evil thoughts,murders, adulteries, immorality, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. These are the thingsthat defile a man In his discussion of violence St. Thomas lists five elements thatconstitute the nature of violence and describe its context. 1) Violence is that whichcauses any being to act contrary to its nature or natural inclination. 2) The agent ofviolence is always extrinsic to that which is violated. 3) The natural inclination of abeing is always prior to the violence and is presupposed by an act of violence. Thisconstituent of violence recognizes the fact that man as an agent or efficient cause

cannot strictly speaking create anything, but always presupposes the existence of thatwith which he works. Man, at best, is the cause of becoming, never the cause of being.In fact it is precisely the existence of natures with their intrinsic inclinations that rendersthe violent act possible by the extrinsic cause. 4) The intensity of the violence is inproportion to the severity in which a beings natural inclination is removed fromattaining its natural end. 5) Evil is always related to violence and vice versa.15 In thisconnection power must not be confused with violence, for power physical or spiritual

is morally neutral, not evil in itself and becomes evil only when used for evil purposesor under evil circumstances, e.g., in acts of aggression.


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In summary then, violence is an attemptby an external agent to force natures toperform actions contrary to their intrinsic,essential inclinations. Although these

essences with their inclinations areconditions without which violence itselfwould be impossible, the intensity of theviolence and of the evil effects producedby it are in proportion to the severity inwhich the natures are rendered incapableof attaining their ends. Thus violence canbe understood as a creatures attempt torearrange, redefine, indeed, almostrecreate, a being and direct it away fromits divinely appointed end towards an

arbitrarily selected end that leads to theconvenience, the pleasure and even self-glorification of the violent agent.

Firm Convictions Needed

We can imagine the tremendous violence that must have burst forth in the war betweenthe faithful angels and the demons. Being pure spirits, far more intelligent and powerfulthan men, that war in heaven must certainly have dwarfed all the most violent wars inhuman history taken together. Scripture relates that just one angel, passing over thesleeping army of the Assyrians who were besieging Jerusalem, killed in one night onehundred and eighty thousand soldiers. Moreover, an indication of the power of theangels is suspected when one realizes the enormity of the act of violence, which Satanand his demons planned to perpetrate in heaven. They were to dethrone God andbecome God with their own power and on their own terms. They were to demote Godfrom Creator to creature and advance themselves to Almighty power and honors. Suchwas their hatred of God and the order of creation that Satan and his demons wouldhave destroyed both if they could. Indeed in their attempted violence Satan and hisdemons even violated their own natures, chose for themselves a goal contrary to theirnatures and a destiny that has made them eternal failures hardened in iniquity. Andwhen Satan and his devils were cast down to the earth, Scripture tells us that they

continued their violence by being the agents who lead astray the whole world. Woeto the earth and the sea, a voice from heaven cries out in the vision seen by St. Johnin the Apocalypse, because the devil has gone down to you in great wrath, knowing hehas but a short time.16 That short time is the last days, or the time between the

Ascension of Christ into glory and his Second Coming. St. Peter tells mankind how thesedemons are using this short time. For your adversary the devil goes about like aroaring lion seeking whom he may devour.17
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From the above study we must conclude that violence involves one in a specialmetaphysics whose first principle is this: To be is to be willed or to be is the effect of acreatures free decision. The real is what a creature wants it to be. Truth is what menwant truth to be. We have here the philosophical attitude of violence known assubjectivism, i.e., a personal hatred of existing truth posing as the creator of new truth,

a world of lies fabricated in the fantasies of aggressively rebellious creatures. Becausethis voluntaristic, irrational intentionality nurtures irrational violence it is intrinsically evileven before the external act of violence is committed. Eve sinned before she took a biteout of the apple; she sinned when she took the word of the serpent over the word ofGod and decided the serpents version of reality was the version she wanted toexperienceto become godlike on her own terms not on Gods terms. And so she chosedeath instead of life. In the day you shall eat of that fruit you shall die. Thus arrogantvoluntarism is the mother of criminal violence, for it proclaims the lie that the creatureswhims take precedence over the divine natural law, which is incarnated in creation andstamped on the conscience by the God of creation.

Shakespeare, with a poets profound, prophetic vision, demonstrates in the tragicdestiny of Macbeth that, when hatred of the existing order of truth is incarnated involuntaristic attempts to change that truth, such hatred produce bloody deeds whichcreate that murderous nothingness known as sin, that working of the mystery ofiniquity which would destroy God, but succeeds only in destroying sinners, in this caseLady Macbeth through madness, Lord Macbeth by the sword. Macbeth himself, in aprofound soliloquy, sensed the tragic finale of his violence as he nurtured thetemptation to rearrange the order of kingship in the kingdom of Scotland to his ownand his wifes aggrandizement:

This supernatural soliciting cannot be good; If good, why do I yield to that suggestionWhose horrid image doth unfix my hair,

And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,Against the use of nature? Present fearsAre less than horrible imaginings: My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,Shakes so my single state of man, that functionIs smothered in surmise; and nothing isBut what is not.18

In our endeavor to disclose the intelligible features of violence we have restricted ourscrutiny to the taproot of violencehatred of truth. There are other roots of violence,which can be studied in relation to other relevant attitudes of the person, such as,pride, vanity, covetousness, distrust, suspicion, infidelity, envy, revenge, lust, anger, andgreed. The study of these relationships to violence would help to sharpen and deepenour insights into the nature of the abyss of violence. An investigation of this sort wouldinvolve us in a discussion about the cure or treatment of this curse of criminalaggressivity, which constitutes a terrible plague in our times.


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An allied, though external reason for the escalation ofviolence today is the failure of authoritythat spiritualpowerto exercise itself as a bulwark against criminalviolence. This failure is due to the weakened adherence to

truth and the loss of faith of both civil and religiousauthorities. The poet Yeats so well expressed this problemendemic in our days. The best in society lack allconviction, the worst (the criminals) are full of passionateintensity. For violence proliferates with the breakdown ofauthority. And authority breaks down when Christianconvictions are denied in theory or betrayed in cowardlyconduct. When governors, superiors, lawmakers,administrators and teachers cease to believe that theyhave a body of truth to teach and a code of Christianholiness to live up to, inculcate into others and, yes, even

die for, then the community is abandoned by its leadersand left a prey to professional inciters of murder andrapine. For once bereft of effective Christian leadership,the masses are pathetically prone to heed the siren call torevolution. When authority is confused, apathetic, fearfulof performing its duty, then society falls into the hands ofthe most cunning and powerful who are usually organizedand proceed to amalgamate ruthlessly communities into communes. When authority isweak it often succumbs to blackmail, thus becoming a catalyst to fiercer attacks of therevolutionaries. For successful violence inevitably calls forth greater, bolder, morefrequent violence. What civil and especially religious authorities must realize is that the

apologists for organized violence know no loyalty, reverence, reality but their ownselfish goals. They are neo-nihilists, spiritually famished, deprived of mature person-hood by self-idolization. They are the waifs of a materialist, godless civilization thatseeks a Utopia here and now. What they need is not coddling but discipline. What theyadmire and respond to is not capitulation but firm convictions and adamantenforcement of doctrinal, moral and civil laws. When authorities, civil and religious, areeaten up with a zeal for truth and holiness, when they show a courage that is the fruitof deep Christian convictions and conduct, when they demonstrate a love for wanderingsouls that stops at no sacrifice to bring them back to the Good Shepherd of all souls,then the rising tide of criminal violence will begin to fall to a low ebb. Then the spiritualstarvelings who are fascinated with the violence of gangsters and of hucksters of false

ideologies may be won back to the violence known as intensity of love, that zeal whichconquers the kingdom of heaven and leads to a life of truth, holiness, peace and joywith God and man. The truth will make you free, says Christ. And to be sure a societyfounded on adherence to truth and holiness will enjoy a peace and a freedom that areimmune from the plague of criminal violence.

Endnotes
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1 Oscar Wilde, quoted in Rogets Thesaurus under violence.

2 Shakespeare, Romeo And Juliet, Act II, scene 6.

3 Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra, p. 144.

4 Karl Jaspers, quotes Nietzsche thus in his Nietzsche and Christianity.

5 Nietzsche, ibid., p. 321.

6 Yeats, The Second Spring.

7 New York Times, May 6, 1982, An Overwhelming Violence-TV Tie.

8 Ibid.

9 Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

10 Luke, 10:18.

11 2 Peter, 2:4.

12 Isaiah, 14:12-20.

13 2 Peter, 2:4-7.

14 John, Apocalypse, 12:7-9.

15 St. Thomas, Summa Theologica, Par. II, Q. 6, a.5; Contra Gen. 1, 13, 19, 39. Cf.article by J. J. Califano in Divus Thomas, 1975, a. 78, Technology and Violence.

16 John, Apocalypse, 12:7-12.

17 1 Peter, 5:8.

18 Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act I, Scene 3.

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White Phosphorus (WP) over Gaza (2009)

The practical value of properly distinguishing between force and violence:

U.S. Military Civil Disturbance Standing Rules for the Use of Force (SRUF)

August 12, 2011 in Department of Defense, U.S. Army, U.S. Northern Command

These templates of the Standing Rules for the Use of Force were developed by ArmyNorth (ARNORTH) and approved by Army Judge Advocate General (JAG) School forcommands to follow. The first two templates apply to forces under federal control. Thethird template is an example State RUF card for National Guard personnel in a State

Active Duty (SAD) or Title 32 status. These templates are taken from theDoD DefenseSupport to Civil Authorities Handbookwhich includes other information relating tomilitary support operations related to civil disturbances.

SRUF Card Template (Title 10 Forces)

RULE 1: UNIT SELF-DEFENSE A COMMANDER always has the inherent right andobligation to exercise unit self-defense in response to a hostile act or demonstratedhostile intent.

RULE 2: INDIVIDUAL SELF-DEFENSE A SERVICE MEMBER may exercise individualself-defense in response to a hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent.
http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-army-department-of-defense-documents/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-northern-command/http://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://publicintelligence.net/dod-defense-support-to-civil-authorities-handbook/http://publicintelligence.net/dod-defense-support-to-civil-authorities-handbook/http://publicintelligence.net/dod-defense-support-to-civil-authorities-handbook/http://publicintelligence.net/dod-defense-support-to-civil-authorities-handbook/http://www.arnorth.army.mil/http://www.arnorth.army.mil/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-northern-command/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-northern-command/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-army-department-of-defense-documents/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/u-s-army-department-of-defense-documents/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/http://publicintelligence.net/category/documents/united-states-documents/department-of-defense/http://publicintelligence.net/u-s-military-civil-disturbance-standing-rules-for-the-use-of-force-sruf/http://publicintelligence.net/u-s-military-civil-disturbance-standing-rules-for-the-use-of-force-sruf/http://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpghttp://ajmacdonaldjr.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/46061574_007651442-1.jpg


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Rule 2.1: LIMIT ON SELF-DEFENSE A COMMANDER may limit individual self-defenseby members of his unit.

RULE 3: DE-ESCALATION When time and circumstances permit, a SERVICE MEMBERwill give a threatening force warning and an opportunity to withdraw or stop the

threatening actions before using force.

Rule 3.1: AVOID CONFRONTATION Avoid confrontation with individuals who pose nothreat to the unit, to non-DoD persons in the vicinity, or property secured by DoDforces.

Rule 3.2: NOTIFY CLEA Increase self-defense posture and notify civilian lawenforcement authorities (CLEA) or security agency personnel as soon as practical, ifconfrontation appears likely, civilians are acting in a suspicious manner, or immediatelyafter a confrontation.

RULE 4: LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF FORCE A SERVICE MEMBER will use force ofany kind only as a last resort and, if used, the force should be the minimum necessaryto accomplish the mission.

Rule 4.1: REASONABLE Any use of force must be reasonable in intensity, duration,and magnitude to counter the threat based on all the circumstances.

Rule 4.2: SAFETY Exercise due regard for the safety of innocent bystanders whenusing any type of force.

Rule 4.3: WARNING SHOTS Warning shots are NOT authorized.

RULE 5: USE OF NON-DEADLY FORCE A SERVICE MEMBER may use non-deadly forceto stop a threat when it is reasonable:

to control a situation and accomplish the mission,

to provide protection for himself and other DoD personnel,

to defend non-DoD persons in the vicinity, but only IF directly related to the assignedmission, or

to defend designated protected property.

RULE 6: USE OF DEADLY FORCE IN SELF-DEFENSE, DEFENSE OF OTHERS, ANDDEFENSE OF PROPERTY A SERVICE MEMBER may use deadly force to stop a threat
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only when all lesser means have failed or cannot reasonably be employed and itreasonably appears necessary:

to protect DoD forces when a commander reasonably believes a person poses animminent threat of death or serious bodily harm,

to protect yourself and other DoD forces from the imminent threat of death or seriousbodily harm, to protect non-DoD persons in the vicinity from the imminent threat ofdeath or serious bodily harm, but only IF directly related to the assigned mission,

to prevent the actual theft or sabotage of assets vital to national security or inherentlydangerous property, and to prevent the sabotage of a national critical infrastructure.

Rule 6.1: USE OF DEADLY FORCE NOT AUTHORIZED Deadly force is not authorized todisperse a crowd, stop looting, enforce a curfew, or protect non-designated property.

RULE 7: USE OF DEADLY FORCE AGAINST A SERIOUS OFFENSE A SERVICE MEMBERmay use deadly force, but only IF it is directly related to the assigned mission AND itreasonably appears necessary:

to prevent a serious crime against any person that involves imminent threat of death ofserious bodily harm,

to prevent the escape of a prisoner where probable cause indicates he has committedor attempted to commit a serious offense and would pose an imminent threat of death

or serious bodily harm to DoD forces or others in the vicinity,

to arrest or apprehend a person who, there is probable cause to believe, has committeda serious offense that involved imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm orsabotage of designated protected property.

RULE 8: USE OF DEADLY FORCE AGAINST A VEHICULAR THREAT A SERVICEMEMBER may fire his weapon at a moving land or water vehicle when he reasonablybelieves the vehicle poses an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm to DoDforces or to non-DoD persons in the vicinity, but only IF doing so is directly related to

the assigned mission.

RULE 9 INSPECTION OF PERSONNEL ENTERING AND EXITING AREA A SERVICEMEMBER may inspect individuals and property, per command security guidance, prior togranting persons or property entry inside a DoD perimeter or secured area and uponleaving such an area.
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Rule 9.1 DENIED ACCESS An individual or property that does not meet the commandsecurity requirements for entry may be denied access inside a DoD perimeter orsecured area.

RULE 10: TEMPORARY DETENTION OF THREATENING PERSONNEL A SERVICE

MEMBER may temporarily detain an individual:

who has gained unauthorized access inside perimeters or other secured areas, whorefuses to depart such an area after being denied access,

who otherwise threatens the safety and security of DoD forces, property secured byDoD forces, or non-DoD persons in the vicinity but only IF their defense is directlyrelated to the assigned mission.

Rule 10.1: SEARCH Detained individuals, vehicles, and property may be searched as a

force protection measure.

Rule 10.2: RELEASED TO CLEA Detained individuals and any secured property will bereleased to CLEA at the earliest opportunity consistent with mission accomplishment.

RULE 11: PURSUIT AND RECOVERY OF STOLEN PROPERTY A SERVICE MEMBER maypursue and recover stolen assets vital to national security or inherently dangerousproperty if:

CLEA or security forces are not reasonably available to recover them, and

Commander, USNORTHCOM, has pre-authorized the pursue and recovery mission, andthe pursuit is immediate, continuous, and uninterrupted.

Rule 11.1: CONTACT CLEA DoD forces will notify CLEA as soon as practicable toinform them of the theft/pursuit.

RULE 12: REPORT VIOLATIONS OF THE SRUF A SERVICE MEMBER will IMMEDIATELYreport any violation of or non-compliance with the SRUF to the chain-of-command,Inspector General, Judge Advocate, Chaplain, or any commissioned officer with

information concerning who, what, when, where, and why.

Commanders SRUF Responsibilities (Title 10 Forces)

RULE 1: TEACH AND TRAIN A commander must teach, train and implement the SRUFto his soldiers.
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RULE 2: UNIT SELF-DEFENSE A commander retains the inherent right and obligationof unit self-defense and defense of other DoD forces in the vicinity in response to ahostile act or demonstrated hostile intent.

RULE 3: INDIVIDUAL SELF-DEFENSE A commander may limit the right of individual

self-defense.

RULE 4: COORDINATE SRUF A commander will coordinate the SRUF with civilian lawenforcement authorities (CLEA) or security forces when operating in conjunction withthem to ensure a common understanding. Any RUF issues that cannot be resolved willbe forwarded to the SECDEF thru the chain-of-command and CJCS.

RULE 5: IMMINENT THREAT A commander will determine if a threat of death orserious bodily harm by an individual or motor vehicle is imminent based on anassessment of all of the circumstances. If he determines such a threat is imminent,

deadly force is authorized to stop the threat.

RULE 6: INHERENTLY DANGEROUS PROPERTY A commander may designate DoDproperty or property having a DoD nexus as inherently dangerous. This includesweapons, ammunition, explosives, portable missiles, rockets, chemical agents, andspecial nuclear materials.

RULE 7: PURSUE AND RECOVER A commander may not authorize forces to pursueand recover a stolen asset vital to national security or inherently dangerous propertyunless delegated this authority by the Commander USNORTHCOM. Any pursuit must beimmediate, continuous, and uninterrupted.

RULE 8: MISSION-SPECIFIC RUF A commander may request SECDEF-approval ofmission-specific or supplemental RUF based on mission requirements thru the chain-of-command and CJCS. A commander of a unit detailed to another federal agency willensure his unit is operating under a common mission-specific RUF approved by theSECDEF and the federal agency.

RULE 9: IMPOSED RESTRICTIONS A commander may impose restrictions to theSECDEF-approved SRUF or mission-specific RUF, but must notify SECDEF thru the chain-of-command and CJCS of imposing the restrictions as soon as practicable.

RULE 10: INVESTIGATING VIOLATIONS A commander will immediately report anysuspected violation of or non-compliance with the SRUF thru the chain-of-command toCDRUSNORTHCOM, attn: SJA, investigate any suspected violation or non-complianceand preserve all evidence.

Title 32 and SAD National Guard RUF Card Template
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RULE 1: MINIMUM FORCE: Military personnel will use only the minimum force requiredto accomplish the mission.

RULE 2: SELF-DEFENSE: Nothing in these Rules for Use of Force (RUF) shall limit acommanders inherent duty to safeguard his/her force or an individuals inherent right of

self-defense. An individual is always authorized and expected to use necessary force,proportional to the threat, in self-defense. An individuals right of self defense may belimited by a commander.

RULE 3: DEADLY FORCE: Deadly force refers to physical force that could reasonablyresult in death, whether or not death is the intent. Discharge of a firearm is alwaysconsidered deadly force. Before resorting to deadly force, all of the following conditionsmust be met:

a. All other means have been exhausted, are not appropriate, or are not reasonably

available, including but not limited to restraining, detaining, and subduing.

b. The use of deadly force does not significantly increase the risk of death or seriousbodily harm to innocent bystanders.

Related posts:

U.S. Army Military Police Civil Disturbance and Martial Law Training Course

U.S. Army FM 3-19.15 Civil Disturbance Operations

Joint Task Force Civil Support (JTF-CS) Brief

Joint Task Force Civil Support Command Brief

Restricted U.S. Military Multi-Service Civil Support Operations Manual

NATO Civil-Military Co-Operation (CIMIC) Doctrine

Canada Command, USNORTHCOM Civil Assistance Plan

(U//FOUO) Air Force Integrated Air and Missile Defense Report

Source: http://publicintelligence.net/u-s-military-civil-disturbance-standing-rules-for-the-use-of-force-sruf/
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source: https://ajmacdonaldjr.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/making-the-distinction-

between-force-and-violence/
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making the distinction between force and violence

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