making of quad
DESCRIPTION
During our 15 June 2014 meetup, Jayaram presented a slide decks for the topics called "Making of Quad" from the scartch. Hope geeks may find it useful and build their own.TRANSCRIPT
Making of Quadcopter
– G. Jayaram
Call me - Jay (aka Jayaram)
Identity - Mechanical Engineer
Work - Engineer at CAT Work Tools & Services, EDCI
Experience - 11 years includes...
2003 # Teaching CAD/CAM
2003 # Designing Couplers, MWL & LWL Buckets
2006 # Designing Hydraulic Excavator Buckets
2010 # Excavator Buckets– India Localization
2011 # Designing Blades, Nacelles – Wind Turbine
2012 # Designing Hydraulic Hammers
2014 # Hydraulic Hammers-India Localization
Hobbies - Browsing, Simple gadgets building, Cricket, Books, Music
Skill - Can Imagine to an extent of making new possibilities
Presenter intro!
ComponentsInspiration
Functionality
IntegrationGuidelines
Procurement
• Fond of RC cars, Helicopters and Quads
• Googled lot about the Flying technology
•Have you ever seen Bird’s eye view?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lswBDZuL-8w
•Inspired to go deep to find what's in Quad copters
Inspiration
RC Toys!
Components
1. Structural Frame - Strong & Light weight
Trust me!! this frame is too strong! If you don’t believe check
out this link below….
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5rjDVgJAVQ
Preferred to go with
Materials like PVC pipes,
Wood, Aluminium and
plastic /Nylon frames – Can
be done Innovatively
DJI NAZA / Hobby king F450 Frame kit
Components
Structural Frame - Configurations
Functionality
2. Flight Controller
Components
One of the Best Flight Controller – DJI
NAZA- Costly too
Cheapest Flight
controller – i86L
Flight controller
Functionality
Receives signals from Receiver and Drone
actions fulfilled only through Flight controller for
each and every movement – Heart of Drone
KK2.0 boardMultiWii board
Flight Controller – Brands/Board
BoardOpen
Source
Gyro
Stabilization
Self
Leveling
CareFr
ee
AltitudeH
old
PositionHo
ld
ReturnHo
me
Waypoint
NavigationPricing
AeroQuad 32 Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium
ArduCopter (APM 2.5) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Medium
AutoQuad v6.6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High
Crius All In One PRO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Low
Crius MultiWii Lite Yes Yes Yes Low
Crius MultiWii SE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low
DJI Naza Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Medium
DJI Wookong Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on High
Free Flight Yes Yes Low
FY-30A Yes Yes Medium
Gaui GU-344 Yes Medium
Hobbyking KK2.0 Yes Yes Yes Low
HoverflyPRO Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on High
HoverflySPORT Yes Add-on Medium
KKMulticopter Yes Yes Low
MikroKopter Flight-Ctrl Yes Yes Add-on Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on High
MultiWii PRO / MTK GPS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low
MultiWii PRO 2.0 / MTK GPS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Low
OpenPilot CC3D Yes Yes Yes Low
Paris MultiwiiCopter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium
Quadrino ZoomFlight Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Medium
Rabbit Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Low
SmartAP Autopilot Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High
TMF Pro FH-X46 AQ50 Yes Yes Medium
UAVP/UAVX Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Add-on Add-on Low
XAircraft FC1212-P Yes Add-on Add-on Add-on Add-on Add-on Medium
Zero UAV YS-X6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes High
Flying
capabilities
Gyro Stabilization - the ability to easily keep
the copter stable and level under the pilot's
control. This is a standard feature of all flight
control boards.
Self Leveling - the ability to let
go of the pitch and roll stick on
the transmitter and have the
copter stay level.
Care Free- The pilot can control the
copter as if it is pointing in its original
direction as the orientation of the
copter changes.
Altitude Hold - the ability to hover
a certain distance from the ground
without having to manually adjust
the throttle.
Position Hold -
the ability to
hover at a
specific
location.
Return Home - the ability to
automatically return to the
point where the copter
initially took off.
Waypoint Navigation - the
ability to set specific points on a
map that copter will follow as
part of a flight plan.
Source : http://oddcopter.com/flight-
controllers/
Functionality
3. Electronic Speed Controllers
4. Motors
5. Propellers
Components
920 kV
8x4.5 &
10x4.5
• ESC basically drive tri-phase
• Sending a sequence of signals for rotation.
• Efficiency, power, longevity and light weight in comparison to traditional brushed motors.
• Reversing the motor's direction may also be accomplished by switching any two of the
three leads from the ESC to the motor.
Functionality
kV Ratings
kV rating of 4600 and 12V.
Then, 4600 * 12 = 55,200 RPMs. (Motor max RPM under no load. )
RPM reduces as the payload increases.
> <
Motor higher kV = More top end speed, less acceleration/torque.
< >
Motor lower kV = Less Speed, fast acceleration.
920 kV = 920 * 11.1 = 10212 rpm at no load
6. Receiver
7.Transmitter
8. Battery & Battery chargers
Components
Basically, 5 channel TX/RX would do ….
For Aileron, Elevation, Throttle, Rudder
& Gear
3S/ 4s Battery would do …
With 5000mah – 18 to 20
mins flight time
Traditional narrow-band RC systems 27, 35, 36, 40, 41 or 72MHz
regular AM or FM radio - sending out a signal that is picked up by the receiver and then sent to
the servos.
But manufacturers of spread spectrum (SS) radio systems – no interference issues with 2.4GHz
systems.
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). - the transmitter and receiver staying within a fixed
part of the 2.4GHz spectrum.
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) the transmitter and receiver constantly changing
their operating frequency within the allowed limits of the 2.4GHz band.
Futaba and Airtronics - FHSS,
Other systems - DSSS.
Futaba - FASST system = FHSS + DSSS
Functionality
http://www.rchelicopterfun.com/rc-lipo-batteries.html
3.7 volt battery = 1 cell x 3.7 volts (1S)
7.4 volt battery = 2 cells x 3.7 volts (2S)
11.1 volt battery = 3 cells x 3.7 volts (3S)
14.8 volt battery = 4 cells x 3.7 volts (4S)
18.5 volt battery = 5 cells x 3.7 volts (5S)
22.2 volt battery = 6 cells x 3.7 volts (6S)
29.6 volt battery = 8 cells x 3.7 volts (8S)
37.0 volt battery = 10 cells x 3.7 volts (10S)
44.4 volt battery = 12 cells x 3.7 volts (12S)
11.1V 5000mah. 3S 25C battery means (C is the Discharge rate) = 5000*25 = 125A,
Power= 11.1V * 125A = 1387.5W /4 (4 motors) = 346.875W/ motor
Well the faster the ions can flow from anode to cathode in a battery will indicate the
discharge rate. In the RC LiPo battery world it is called the “C” rating.
For Example:
1000 mAh, 20C = 20 * 1000 = 20,000 milliamps or 20 amps.
theoretical time 1000mAh = 333 mAh/minute (20000/60 = 333)
Completely exhausted in about 3 minutes with 20C discharge rate
Functionality
9. Bullet connector wires/pins
10. DJI LED Status / GPS compass
module
2mm connectors - up to 20 Amps 3.5mm connectors - up to 40Amps XT60 connectors - up to 35Amps 4mm connectors - up to 70 Amps 6mm connectors - up to 120 Amps8mm connectors - up to 200 Amps
Components
LED Status module indicates the status of flight with color codes of Red, Yellow and greenGPS module records the travel coordinates during flight and can be used for Return to home and Altitude hold options
11. Go Pro CameraComponents
• World’s Versatile fast motion capturing camera- 720p & 1080p• Compact and light weight •Non-Stop battery life of 2 hours•Can have FPV to laptop or TV thru WIFI compatibility – up to 300ft•Price approx.200$
Integration
Integration
Integration
GuidelinesWhen flying, the fast rotating propellers of FlameWheel450 will cause serious
damage and injury. Therefore, please fly with a high safety consciousness.
1. Keep flying multi-rotor away from objects, such as obstacles, human beings,
high-voltage lines and so on.
2. Do not get close to or even touch the working motors and propellers, which
will cause serious injury.
3. Do not over load the multi-rotor.
4. Check that the propellers and the motors are installed correctly and firmly
before flight.
5. Make sure the rotation direction of each propeller is correct
6. Check whether all parts of multi-rotor are in good condition before flight. Do
not fly with old or broken parts.
http://gigaom.com/2013/12/08/so-you-want-to-fly-drones-
heres-what-the-law-says/
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/3000-Chinese-radio-
planes-to-be-destroyed/articleshow/4839884.cms?referral=PM
Flying more than
27MHZ frequency
in banned in India
as per USAI
(Unmanned
Systems
Association of
India), UAVs are
required to submit
a specific request
to the Directorate
General of Civil
Aviation to allow
them to fly UAVs
in a specific area.
ProcurementWhere can you buy these components!
http://www.hobbyking.com/hobbyking/store/index.asp
http://www.helipal.com/
http://www.rotor.co.in/
http://www.redrockethobbies.com/quadcopter-rc-s/1085.htm
http://www.dhgate.com/wholesale/rc+quadcopter.html
http://www.snapdeal.com/products/kids-toys-electronic-toys
http://www.xheli.com/spycamheli.html
http://www.banggood.com/Wholesale-Syma-X1-Series-2_4G-4CH-
4-Aixs-RC-BumbleBee-UFO-Micro-Quadcopter-p-48760.html
http://www.hobbypartz.com/
Some more useful Informative Links!
http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1774935
http://www.instructables.com/id/RC-Quadrotor-Helicopter/
http://witespyquad.gostorego.com/
http://www.hoverthings.com/ready-to-fly.html
http://flitetest.com/articles/rtf-quads-review
http://www.dji.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXjHYFEh9Wo
Pizza delivery in Mumbai thru quad