making hierarchy theory useful tim allen
DESCRIPTION
Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen. Narrative. Simplicity. Complexity. Hierarchical. Many levels of constraint. Links: large and small. different types. fast and slow. Highly organized. No Paradigm. With Paradigm. The story you told to make it simple. No!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
No Paradigm With Paradigm
Properties of Complex Systems
The story you told to make it simple.
HierarchicalMany levels of constraint
Links: large and small
different typesfast and slow
HierarchicalMany levels of constraint
Links: large and small
different typesHighly organized
fast and slow
No!
![Page 3: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Narratives and Analogies
So if we can’t use reduction and models, what to do? Rosen(2000) says we can use analogy and tell narratives.
Hamilton wrote a dictionary for Newtonian particles into Optical Geometry. (c.f. Voltage ≈ water pressure.)
Newtonian particles
Optical geometry
Reduction
Wave mechanics
Quantum mechanics
Reduction
![Page 4: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
B i o s p h e r e
B i o m eLandscape
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
These are
TYPES
SCALE SCALE
NO WAY
T. F. H. A
![Page 5: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Community
Organism (tree)
Ecosystem (decaying log)
Landscape (upper surface of log)
Population (of mosses on log)
T. F. H. A
![Page 6: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Type vs Scale
• TYPE• Identifies what is in
the foreground• Gives criteria for
observation• Gives equivalence to
a class
• SCALE• Grain • Extent• Spatial size• Natural frequency in
time
Allen TFH & TW Hoekstra (1992) Toward a unified ecology. Columbia Press
![Page 7: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Type (Criterion) In the Observed
• Meets criteria that were there in abstract. Requires observation. Does what I see meet the definition of the type
In the Protocol
• Choose the criterion for observation. Gives something to be met, but is itself a definition.
Allen TFH & TW Hoekstra (1992) Toward a unified ecology. Columbia Press
![Page 8: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
In the Protocol
• Prescription of Grain for observation prescribes finest distinction.
• Prescription of Extent of the universe of discourse.
In the Observed
• The size of the thing you see.
• Scales an example of a type.
Scale
Allen TFH & TW Hoekstra (1992) Toward a unified ecology. Columbia Press
![Page 9: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Laws vs Rules• Laws are:
• Inexorable• General• Rate dependent• Structure independent• Dynamical
• Rules are:
• Local• Arbitrary• Rate independent• Structure dependent• Linguistic
H. H. Pattee (1978) The complementarity principle in biological and social structures. J. Social Biol. Struct. 1: 191-200
![Page 10: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Organism enters worldtelling a narrative
T. F. H. A
![Page 11: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Richard Nixon
T. F. H. A
![Page 12: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
UPPER VS LOWER
General
• Role
• Essence
• Type
• Relational function
Specific
• Incumbent
• Realization
• Individual
• Organized structure Simon, 1962
Rosen, 2000
Salthe 1985
Bailey 1990
![Page 13: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
LAWS
RULES
LOWER
UPPER
INFINITE
BOUNDED INFINITE FINITE ALLOWED
FINITE ACTUAL
![Page 14: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LAWS
RULES
LOWER
UPPER
∞
∞?
Other Observer
![Page 15: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LAWSINFINITE
RULES
LOWER
UPPERBOUNDED INFINITE FINITE ALLOWED
FINITE ACTUALOBSERVEROTHER
Example defines the criterion
Criterion verified by
example
Realize structure
Reinforcetype
![Page 16: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• 0. Have a perception
• 1. Ask a question
• 2. Define type of the thing (assign to class)
• 3. Choose a scaled measure of type (to fit size of example
• 4. Notice a phenomenon
• 5. Evaluate model
Steps to modeling
0
Ahl V & Allen TFH (1996) Hierarchy Theory, a vision, vocabulary and epistemology. Columbia, NYC
5
1
2
3
4
![Page 17: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LAWS
LOWER
INFINITE
FINITE, ALLOWED
FINITE ACTUAL
OBSERVER
OTHER
1
The thing raising a question
Example demandsa type
Class to which Structure belongs
Verify that type applies to example
0Perceive rather than observesomething
3 Choose a measurement regime for example and type of structure. This gives level of observation
4 Class defines the level of organization of the phenomenon
5
BY RULES
Evaluate model relative to assessed performance of the other
Define typeof the thing
2
![Page 18: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2 3 4 510
![Page 19: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LAWS
LOWER
UPPER
INFINITE
BOUNDED INFINITE
FINITE ACTUAL
OBSERVER
OTHER
Essence is realized in structure of a certain size
Success reinforces Essence
Realized Structure
0
Structure enters observable world
1
Structure is successful
essence4Cause of
phenomenon here
5 Equivalence in the equivalence class is the
model of the essence
2
Mutual modification of structure and essence
3
Dynamics becomes measurable
![Page 20: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LAWSINFINITE
Loop that generates formand modifies essence
Essence that causes pattern & structure
The thing you see
Model invoked by equivalence
FINITE ACTUALOBSERVEROTHER
Loop of model building
Model evaluation5
![Page 21: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LAWS (Material Necessities)
Evolved resistance to poison
Effect of poison on target
versus allelopath
Model for allelpathy
OBSERVEROTHER
Resistant target plants
Natural selection of target population
Tests for effect of poison
Failed experiments
![Page 22: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Model ofToxicity
Fish Subjectedto Toxins
Contextin which Fish
Evolve
OBSERVEROTHER
Experimentalcalibration
Adapted individuals realized
Naturalselection
Assigned to class
History Observer Decision
Laws(Material Necessities)
![Page 23: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
LAWS (Material Necessities)
Complicated political events
Symbolic Representation
Never challenges Narrative
Peace time Politics
OBSERVEROTHER
Cycle is isolated
Realize structure
Modifycontext
Pundits proclaim, and the narrative becomesstuck inequivocation
![Page 24: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LAWS (Material Necessities)
Readily interpretable Real-time wins
and losses
Plans generate Real-time actions
that change eventsunpredictably
War time strategiesPlans and predictions
OBSERVEROTHER
Cycle is informed
Realize structure
Modifycontext
Narrative gets real-time tests often and usually is shown to be of poor quality.
![Page 25: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LAWS (Material Necessities)
Forest pestilence,Forests products
Good growth
Plans generate Real-time actions
that change eventsunpredictably
Adaptive managersof forests
OBSERVEROTHER
Plansfail or succeed
Realize structure
Modifycontext
New plans turn on past management outcomes. Managers learn and identify tested principles
![Page 26: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LAWS (Material Necessities)
Real ecological problems
Symbolic Representation
Never challenges Narrative
Ecologists in general, population biologists
in particular
OBSERVEROTHER
Cycle is isolated
Realize structure
Modifycontext
Model becomesarcane and are rarely tested in realistic situations
![Page 27: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fish Subjectedto Toxins
Context in which Fish Evolve
OBSERVEROTHER
AdaptiveSystem
History Observer Decision
AdaptiveManagement
Laws(Material Necessities)
![Page 28: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Physical system
processes
Actual External Gradient
Linguistic planning element. Internal to System, external to thermodynamics
Anticipated decline in resources influences plan
Plan
![Page 29: Making hierarchy theory useful Tim Allen](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815895550346895dc5f68b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
External Gradients
Plan
Present vs Future
Unplanned adjustment in
dissipation
Past vs Present