making dives that countcdn1.safmc.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/28101102/sefsc...roving diver...
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Christy Pattengill-Semmens Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF)
Making Dives That Count – Ocean Citizen Science Monitoring
Photo by Pete Naylor
REEF Volunteer Fish Survey Project
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REEF Volunteer Fish Survey Project www.REEF.org
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• Free swimming range around dive site
• Record all fish species; indicator invertebrates and algae in temperate regions
• Estimate relative abundance for each species Single (S) -1 Few (F) - 2-10 Many (M) - 11-100 Abundant (A) - >100
• Submit sightings data and survey
details via online entry interface
• Automated and manual quality control/error checking
Roving Diver Technique
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REEF Volunteer Survey Program
1993
1997
2000
2001
2001 2015
2014 2010
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REEF Volunteer Fish Survey Project
200,839 Surveys
12,038 Sites
As of January 2016
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12,038 Survey Sites
World Wide
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12,038 Survey Sites
World Wide
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REEF Volunteer Fish Survey Project
200,839 Surveys
12,038 Sites
16,000+ Volunteers
As of January 2016
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345 volunteers (2.5%) have done 100+ surveys, accounting for 112,345 surveys (60%)
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REEF Volunteer Fish Survey Project
200,839 Surveys
12,038 Sites
16,000+ Volunteers
8.5 million records 3,600+ species
As of January 2016
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Online Data Reports
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Metadata includes:
• Surveyor Information • Date, Start Time, Bottom Time • Location • Water Temperature, Visibility, Current • General Habitat Description
Users include: • Academic Scientists • Resource Agencies • Graduate Students
Raw Data Files Upon Request
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• Population Assessments • Fisheries-Independent Stock Assessments • Protected Area Monitoring • Identification and Tracking of Non-native Species • Biodiversity Hotspots for Ecoregional Planning • Investigating Ecological Patterns • Assessments for Endangered Species Act Listings • Non-extractive User Group Patterns of Use
51 science and resource management publications
Data Uses
www.REEF.org/db/publications
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• Thorson, JT, MD Scheuerell, BX Semmens, and CV Pattengill-Semmens. 2014. Demographic Modeling of Citizen Science Data Informs Habitat Preferences and Population Dynamics of Recovering Fishes. Ecology
• Holt, BG, R Rioja-Nieto, MA MacNeil, J Lupton, and C Rahbek. 2013. Comparing Diversity Data Collected Using a Protocol Designed for Volunteers with Results from a Professional Alternative. Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• Francisco-Ramos V, Arias-González JE . 2013. Additive Partitioning of Coral Reef Fish Diversity Across Hierarchical Spatial Scales Throughout the Caribbean. PLoS ONE
• Stallings, CD. 2009. Fishery-Independent Data Reveal Negative Effect of Human Population Density on Caribbean Predatory Fish Communities. PLoS ONE
Recent Publications
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Volunteer Fish Survey Project
Invasive Lionfish Research Program
Grouper Moon Project
Explorers Education and Internships
Programs
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Carol Cox
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• The inception of REEF and the VFSP • Goals for Science, Policy/Action, and Participants (Shirk and Bonney 2015)
– Science • “Engaging volunteers at previously unthinkable scales” • Providing “additional insights and expertise” • The role of technology in making CS possible • “CS data can stand alone or can complement other data” • Data quality – realistic goals and careful design • Connect with data users from start
– Participants • Must understand motivation of participants, realistic expectations of what
they are willing to do
Identify Goals
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• Early efforts of capacity building focused on: – Expertise (developing protocol, computer/db management) – Finding volunteers to participate – Securing funding from individuals and a few key private foundations who
provided early (and continued) seed money – Establishing program sustainability, regional expansion began in year 4 – Leveraging partnerships for administrative and overhead expenses
• Volunteers – “those who opt to participate more than likely bring some level of skill,
interest, insight, or commitment” primary reason why REEF has never required training
– Early studies that evaluated volunteer skill
• Staff – Unpaid staff for first several years, 1-2 staff until about year 4, today (23
years later) we have 6 FT and 4 PT – All but one are not scientists
Establish Capacity
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Protocol • “Pilot where possible”, data sheets, training materials, and
document potential biases in method and novice vs. expert if possible
• Finalize and stick with protocol Training • Diversity of training opportunities • Pre-formatted survey materials • Experience levels document metadata about observers Infrastructure • “it is most efficient if designed for sustainability” • Data sharing policy
Design/Refine
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Participation • “important to value participation consistency and reliability”,
“acknowledge and celebrate contributions of volunteers” -> most CS programs are dominated by a core group of dedicated volunteers, need to ensure that they will keep coming back as well as recruiting enough new people to counter natural attrition – Flexibility in when and where, protocol meshes with existing recreational
activity – Top 25 lists, Advanced Assessment Team levels, ability to view data, share
data uses
Data • Keep it simple, and robust to growth (open source) • Document changes in record • QA/QC at several steps
Manage
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• Big, messy datasets -> innovative analytic techniques, finding next generation scientists who aren’t afraid of big, messy, and non-stratified
• Evaluation and determining effectiveness, doesn’t have to be elaborate. And must be patient, it takes time -> snowball effect
Apply and Adapt
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Thank You