making ca ever green. dennis garrity
DESCRIPTION
A presentation from the WCCA 2011 event held in Brisbane, Australia.TRANSCRIPT
Making Conservation Agriculture Ever Green
Dennis GarrityDirector General
World Agroforestry CentreNairobi, Kenya
Wangari MaathaiConservation Heroine
World Bank World Development Indicators
South Asia
0
500
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1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Kg
per
Hec
tare
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America
East Asia
Cereal Yields by Region
World Bank World Development Indicators
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500
1000
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1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
100
gra
ms
per
Hec
tare
Fertilizer Use by Region
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Latin America
EastAsia
Hoe Minimum-Tillage with Planting Basins, Zambia
Minimum Tillage with Ox-drawn Ripper
Cost 40% of ploughing
1ha 4 hrs. Ploughing 14 hrs
Improved Magoye Ripper
Conservation Farming with Faidherbia Trees in Zambia
Typical on farm nursery of 125 air-pruned seedlings
National recommendations for maize in Zambia & Malawi: Faidherbia Fertilizer Trees at 100 trees per ha
Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia
Maize yield – CA with zero fertilizer
2008 2009 2010 ----- Tons/ha -------
With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6
Without Faidherbia 1.3 2.6 2.6________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Number of trials 15 40 40
DroughtDroughtFlood
P addition resumed
Long-term maize yield without fertilizer in a Gliricidia system, Malawi
P stopped
Effect of Faidherbia with CA on Maize Yields (All treatments had 90 kg N, 26 kg P, 5 kg S)
Improved yields with Faidherbia due to improved soil fertility, capture of rainfall and the better micro-environment
Source: T Bunderson Total Land Care
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4585
5718
7215
Soil nutrient status improves under Faidherbia Soil C, OM and K are much higher
with Faidherbia% Soil N is almost double with
Faidherbia
C (%) OM (%) K (Cmol/Kg)0
0.2
0.4
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0.8
1
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Control Maize CA Maize CA Maize-Faidherbia
Control Maize CA Maize CA Maize-Faidherbia
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0.01
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0.029 0.03
0.057
Biomass Litter and Nutrient Contributions from Mature Trees are enormous (kg)
• Biomass components Per TreePer Ha at 20
trees/haLeaves: 221 4420Pods: 78 1560Wood (twigs/branches): 59 1180
• Nutrients contributedN 6.5 130P 0.6 12K 9.3 186Ca 5.4 108Mg 0.6 12
Malawi National Agroforestry Food Security Programme
Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield _______________________________________
Plot management Yield (t/ha)
Maize only 1.30
Maize+ chemical fertilizer 1.70
Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05
Maize + fertilizer trees + chemical fertilizer 3.07 ____________________________________________________________
Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo and Machinga)
Kenyan Farmlands: Bold policy to achieve >10% tree cover on farms through a
National Evergreen Agriculture Programme
Rwanda - a nation of small-scale farmers
Landscape restoration for them is really Farmscape Restoration.
Increasing tree cover on farms: sustaining soil health, conserving soils, enhancing fodder production, increasing fuelwood supplies.
Faidherbia albida is commonly found in cereal crop systems in Ethiopia
Restored farmland covered by an emerging forest of Faidherbia. Tigray, Ethiopia.
Southern Niger in the 1980s
Assisted Natural Regeneration of Indigenous Trees in the arid lands of the Sahel
The albida halo effect
Impact of a single F. albida tree on crop growth(radius of high productivity: 5 m around a small tree)
High-density Faidherbia millet systems in southern
Zinder, Niger, 2006.
Five million hectares of millet production in Faidherbia
parklands in Niger: A transformed agricultural landscape
The trees provide fodder to livestock – pods and leaves
Young regenerating agroforests, Seno Plains, Mali
New agroforests on the Seno Plains of Mali 450,000 ha
Mature Agroforests in Senegal
Major agroforestry regions in West Africa and directions of expansion
The Next Phase
Accelerate the ongoing national scaling-up programmes in Malawi, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Niger
National Agroforestry Food Security Programmes being developed for Senegal, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Kenya
Preparatory work for new programmes under way in Tanzania, Mali, and 12 other countries
Landcare
An institutional innovation that provides a platform for accelerating farmer participation in evolving conservation agriculture with trees…