makeup ebook2

Women’s guide to Safe and Dangerous cosmetics:

Protect your baby, protect yourself.

January 2013

Toxic Effects of Makeup on a Fetus during Pregnancy

Congratulations!! You are pregnant! This is one of the most exciting and special times in a woman’s life. Everyone wants to have a perfect pregnancy and healthy baby.

You are always told to eat healthy and exercise during pregnancy. “Don’t smoke” and “Don’t drink alcohol” are statements often discussed between a doctor and their pregnant patient. But why??

Why not smoke?

Why not drink alcohol?

Well the answer is simple; these activities expose the developing baby to toxins. These toxins are known to cause serious damage. For instance exposure to alcohol during pregnancy is associated with a serious adverse outcome called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Similarly cigarette smoking either directly or second hand smoke is associated with babies that are smaller. The toxins in the smoke prevent a baby from growing to its full potential.

What about other toxins? Car fumes, paint fumes, working at a nail salon while pregnant, exposure to factory fumes…These situations may pose potential risks to your baby through exposure of the fumes to the pregnant mother, who then inhales the fumes, they get absorbed into the blood of the mother, then get transferred to the baby through the placenta. But have you ever wondered what about makeup?? “Is my makeup safe for my baby?”

While many have been paying attention to what they eat, they forget to realize that makeup products also pose a risk. Many people find it easier to comprehend why organically grown foods are preferred, but fail to realize the importance of avoiding synthetic ingredients in makeup products. It is important to develop a sufficient understanding of skin nature and how these ingredients move from the external surface into the mother’s body and through to the fetus. This is what can be described as transdermal absorption or across the skin absorption.

Skin

Blood stream

Placenta

Fetus

Absorption in bloodstream

Finds its way into Placenta

Gets to the fetus

Chemicals are absorbed into the bloodstream

When absorbable components of the makeup are applied to YOUR skin, the elements are absorbed via the skin into YOUR bloodstream. It is important to note that YOUR BABY gets exposed to everything that you are exposed to. For instance, if you are eating pizza, the baby gets exposed to carbohydrates, some protein, and then insulin from you baby goes to the baby as well. Excessive exposure to insulin for instance in diabetic mothers places the baby at risk to become to big, and gives the baby a higher risk of becoming a diabetic later on in life as well. This takes place via the placenta. Once these elements find their way into the bloodstream, they pass via the placenta to your baby. Similarly if you get exposed to cigarette smoke, the smoke toxins get into your lungs, then your bloodstreams, then they go to the placenta and to the baby. The unfortunate event is that where we can exhale most of the toxins out of our body, the baby often can’t get rid of these toxins, and they build up.

How else does chemicals in make-ups affect fetus?

Chemicals found in makeups have been found to affect you and the fetus in a number of ways. Most commonly, they interfere with the hormonal balance amounting to what is commonly known as endocrine disruption. In a report focusing on the effect of phthalates, it was found that pregnant women who expose themselves to high phthalate levels are likely to have boys with altered genital development in future and altered testosterone levels (2004 University of Rochester study).

Imagine how scary and frustrating it is to have a lovely baby boy who has altered genitalia. No one will definitely be happy with such. Sadly, it is not just altered genitalia, your baby can end being infertile and deny you an opportunity to have grandchildren. Various studied have associated some of these chemicals with low sperm counts; reduce motility of sperms, and even damaging of the sperms, amounting to cases of infertility when the children grow big (CDC, 2004).

Do you really understand what the labels say?

Many makeup products come with lots of labelling on the containers. While some labelling is easy to understand, some can only be read by the users who in most cases lack a general understanding of what they really are and the effect they can have on their foetus. Various studies indicate that the make-up products have some ingredients which can result into a number of issues at birth. In the recent past, many experts have emphasized that make ups pose a health risk to the foetus and hence non-recommended for pregnant women. Sadly, despite listing the components, they make little sense you users such as you and hence you end up using harmful stuff assuming they are just ingredients and have no impact.

Why have phthalates and Bisphenol attracted lots of attention?

You should know that these are amongst the most controversial components found in make-ups. So, take a moment, sit down and ask yourself, “How do they affect me?”

Phthalates are amongst the most common toxic elements found in makeups. They are hormone-disrupting chemicals. A CDC report indicated that exposure to phthalates is extensive. Animal studies also indicated that these chemicals are toxic to reproductive systems, in addition to have other yet to be confirmed effects. Various studies show their ability to lower female fertility, in addition to being able to cause premature development of breast in young women. When absorbed into a mother’s body they impact of fetal development. Such endocrine disrupting chemicals are also linked to obesity. A number

of animal studies indicating that exposure of mice to endocrine disruptors, phthalates included results into obesity. The US federal government does not regulate phthalates. In 2004, the EU banned use of bibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate from makeup products. Nonetheless, California State in the United States has placed diethylhexyl phthalate on its Prop 65 chemicals list. These are chemicals known to cause cancer and reproductive toxicity.

Bisphenol-A has also been a subject of extensive study and has been widely linked to accelerated puberty, development of breast cancer, behavioral changes, obesity, as well as diabetes. Scientists have also established that it causes human breast cancer cells growth and replication. Additionally, it is known to cause female reproductive problems, fertility changes, as well as alteration of the mammary glands. Scientists established through animal’s studies that even in the lowest of doses, they affect the endocrine system. A 2004 CDC report indicated up to 93% of urine tested from a U.S. population representative sample had this chemical. A number of companies have acknowledged it negative health repercussions and withdrawn it from its products. Nonetheless, the U.S. federal government does not control its usage although a number of states and local municipalities have taken action to control its use. Chicago and Suffolk County have for instance banned sale baby bottles and sippy cups which have traces of BPA. Connecticut State has as well banned infant formula containers, baby food containers, and reusable food as well as beverage containers which have BPA. These show the level of concern this chemical elicits.

What of PCF’s? Are they really safe make-up ingredients?

PFCs are also known to build up in the liver and the bloodstream and can be retained in the body for up to 4 years. PFCs exposure is believed to result into reduction in a woman’s fertility. Fetuses get exposure to PCFs via the placenta and umbilical cord. Exposure by mothers to PFCs prior and during the pregnancy period can potentially lead to reduced births weights, in addition to affecting organ and skeletal fetus growth. Studies on animals have shown that PFCs amount to increased miscarriage rates as well as neonatal deaths in mice. Additionally, PFOAs were found to induce testicular, pancreatic, mammary as well as liver tumors in the case of rats. A 2006 Environmental Protection Agency report grouped PFOAs as candidate “human carcinogens.” In a 2004 CDC study, it was detected that PFCs were present in more than 98% of a samples representative of the U.S. population. In general, many toxic elements are finding their way into pregnant mothers and hence pose a health risk to the fetuses.

Save for those, you have probably encountered many instances where products are indicated as gluten free.

How does this impact on your purchase choice and does it really matter?

Walk via many food stores nowadays and you will realize how easy it is find a variety of foods gluten-free. Ranging from pancake mixes, pretzels, to breadcrumbs, crackers as well as pasta, there is an extensive range of products which are designed for persons who have chosen to live a gluten-free lifestyle, by prescription or choice. Take a similar to make-up stores and see how difficult it is to find the same.

Why? You should ask yourself. Is it right to let the skin absorb these products when we can see they are harmful in a way?

It is challenging to determine which beauty products is gluten free which is a protein composite available in wheat, rye as well as barley and question whether it is really necessary.

What you should know is that not just people who are allergic to wheat, rye or other gluten containing foods stay away from them; there is a group of people who have been known to have a form of gluten intolerance known as celiac disease. This is an inherited autoimmune disorder where contacts with gluten trigger an immune response which can result into serious complications. Sadly, when absorbed into the skin, gluten finds its way into your blood, into the placenta and finally to your fetus. What would happen then if such an immune response occurs? You definitely would not want to put your baby to risk.

What about your make up brush or bag though? What is it made of? This is a question you should ask yourself? How safe is it?

Hog/ boar/pig bristles are commonly made use of, despite the fact that sable, mongooses, cows, goats as well as squirrel’s hair are used in brushes for varying situations. “Animal fine hair” is used in making of make-up brushes. The hairs are usually obtained from the tails of squirrels, weasel as well as civet cats, although the hairs obtained from of badgers, raccoons, cattle, dogs and deer lie in this category as well.

The animal hairs are also used in paint brushes with quite a number of painting brushes made from goat hair.

What do these brushes harbor? Imagine applying your make with a make-up brush which has bugs. Imagine how a pig or a squirrel looks (see picture below).

These hairs can definitely harbor bugs.

Natural brushes obtained from animals hold powders and pigments best although a little costly. Nonetheless, they potentially harbor bugs

Makeup components which have toxic effects

Various studies have demonstrated the pregnant women who are exposed to high levels of make ups are twice likely to have babies with birth defects than those who are not exposed to the same. As already mentioned, make ups are constituted of different components. It is these components which have toxic effects to the foetus. A number of components with toxic effects are discussed hereafter.

Ingredients’ list: between Safe, Risky and Dangerous

Note: The categorization of the list does not take into consideration personal allergies

Ingredient Uses Notes Guide's category Description

1,4-dioxane

In correlation with PEG, polyethylene, ployoxyethylene. -

Risky: suspected carcinogenic over prolongued periods.

These are chemical elements present in compounds referred to as PEG, Polysorbates, Laureths, and ethoxylated alcohols. An extensive range of makeup products such as shampoos, hair conditioners, general cleansers, hand and body lotions, as well as creams contain surfactants and detergents. Its ingredients are contaminated elevated levels of the increasingly volatile 1, 4-dioxane, readily absorbed via the skin. Its carcinogenicity was initially reported way back in 1965 and dies including one by the National Cancer Institute (1978). The predominant cancer sites associated with the product include the nasal passages and the liver. Epidemiological research reported evidence of high volumes of nasal passage cancers.

Alcohol, Isopropyl (SD-40)

Solvent, co-solvent, antifoaming agent.

Organic alcohol Safe

No known effects

Allantoin

Moisturizer in dry, rough and scaly skin preparations

White powder Safe

No known effects

Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (ALES)

Cleansing, detergent and shampoo products Salt Safe

No known effects

Ammonium Surfactant. Salt Safe No known effects

Lauryl Sulfate (ALS)

Amygdalus Dulcis Oil

Fragrance in cosmetic products

Sweet Almond Oil Safe

No known effects

Aqua Solvent, co-solventDeionized water Safe

No known effects

Aurantium Dulcis

Fragrance, binder, absorbent, viscosity controlling agent

Orange peel extract Safe

No known effects

Beeswax

Thickeners, emulsifiers and stiffening agent

Yellow and white Safe

No known effects

Beeswax absolute

Fragrance in soaps and perfumes

Pheromone-rich essence Safe

No known effects

Benzalkonium Chloride

Cationic surfactant and detergent

Amine salts

Dangerous: May be fatal if swallowed or enters airways, harmful in contact with skin, causes eye damage

Many cosmetics or rather, makeup products contain Benzalkonium Chloride. This component is mainly in shampoo formulations, personal cleaners; cleansers for the skin, skin care products, as well as eye makeup products. These substances are also used to kill microbes, used in moisturizers, acne treatments, and as oral pain relievers. Interestingly, these elements have been banned in some countries including Japan and Canada while in the US, their use is restricted

Benzoyl Peroxide

Facial cleansing and acne treatment

Organic compound

Risky: could cause skin, eye or lung irritation

This is known to be a leading allergic reactions cause in use of cosmetics and is widely considered carcinogenic. They are petroleum based synthetics and can bring along up to 4000 ingredients. The associated problems include skin irritation,

hyperpigmentation, dizziness, and flu-like signs.

Bergamot Oil

Fragrance in perfumes and cosmetics

Citrus Bergamia oil Safe

When a label indicates fragrance, it shows presence of many ingredients, some of which could be toxic and carcinogenic. FDA has consistently received related symptoms such as headaches, feeling of dizziness, allergic rashes, discoloration of the skin, increased coughing, sneezing as well as vomiting, and irritation of the skin irritation. Various clinical researches have shown that fragrances can potentially affect fetuses’ central nervous system, result into depression, hyperactivity, as well as irritability.

BisabololFragrance in many cosmetic products

Clear to yellowish liquid Safe

No known toxic effects to fetus

Bismuth oxychloride

Mineral cosmetics White powder or crystals

Risky: skin irritantWhen a label indicates fragrance, it shows presence of many ingredients, some of which could be toxic and carcinogenic. FDA has consistently received related symptoms such as headaches, feeling of dizziness, allergic rashes, discoloration of the skin, increased coughing, sneezing as well as vomiting, and irritation of the skin irritation. Various clinical researches have

shown that fragrances can potentially affect fetuses’ central nervous system, result into depression, hyperactivity, as well as irritability.

Boron Nitride Lubricant additiveSynthetic product

Risky: possible fibrogen.

BronopolAnti-microbial used as a preservative

Organic compound

Dangerous: could cause skin, eye or lung contamination. Organ toxicity.

Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed Irritant Link to information on toxicity to humans, including carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity.

Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Preservative and anti-oxidant

Organic anti-oxidant

Dangerous: human carcinogen.

Shows carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity

Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Preservative and anti-oxidant

Organic anti-oxidant

Dangerous: human carcinogen.

displays carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity

Butyrospermum parkii

Skin conditioning agent

Shea butter Safe


Camellia Sinensis extract

Soothing, moisturizing and anti-oxidant Tea Safe


Candelilla Wax

Lip balms and as a beeswax replacement

Hard natural wax Safe


Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Moisturizer, soap base and reduction of protein loss in hair

Coconut oil constituent Safe


Carmine

Dye in lipstick, eye shadow and other products

Red and its shades Safe


Cetalkonium chloride

Antiseptic, disinfectant.

a.k.a benzalkonium chloride

Risky: harmful in high concentrations

Bioaccumulation leads to organ problems

Cetrimonium chloride

Topical antiseptic, shampoos and hair conditioners - Safe


Chloromethylisothiazolinone

Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. - Safe


Chromium Oxide Green Coloring agent

Synthetic product Safe


Citric AcidpH adjusting agent, flavoring agent

Lemon juice constituent Safe


Citrus Grandis Oil

Aromatherapy, astringent, skin freshening agent

Grapefruit peel extract

Risky: skin and eye irritation, lung damage.

Skin and eye irritations

Cocoamidopropyl Betaine

Foam booster and surfactant

Coconut oil extract

Risky: possible allergen

Allergic reactions

Cocos Nucifera Oil

Fragrance and moisturizer

Coconut oil Safe


Cocoyl Sarcosine

Surfactant and cleansing agent - Safe


Communis Seed Oil

Moisturizer and fragrance Castor oil Safe


Cymbidium extracts

Skin conditioning agent

Orchids' extract Safe


Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Oil

Fragrance, masking and tonic

Lemongrass extract

Dangerous: immune system toxicant

Cosmetic manufacturers largely use this element due to its relatively low costs. It comes in mineral oil and Jelly which results into photosensitivity due to sun damage. It interferes with moisturization process and hence results into skin drying as well as chapped lips. Experts have often claimed that petrolatum give rise to and magnify the same conditions which they claim to alleviate.

Diazolidinyl Anti-microbial used - Safe No known toxic effects to

urea as a preservative fetus

DimethiconeEmollient and skin conditioning agent

Silicone based

Risky: organ system toxicity

These are Silicone emollients and are occlusive. They are known to coat the skin, and also trapping things beneath it posing a health risk. The compound limit skin breathing and are much more like plastic wraps which suffocate skin. They also result into irritation of the skin.

Disodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate

Emulsifying and dispersing agent -

Dangerous: strong eye and lung irritant

Irritation of body organs

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate Surfactant - Safe


Disodium Oleamide Sulfosuccinate

Surfactant, foam booster and cleansing agent - Safe


DMDM Hydantoin

Formaldehyde releasing anti-microbial -

Risky: allergen, eye and skin irritant.

Eye and skin irritation associated with it

D-PanthenolHumectants and moisturizer

B5 Provitamin Safe


Euphorbia Cerifera wax

Emollient, emulsion stabilizer, film former Plant wax Safe


Ferric Ferrocyanide Colorizing pigment

Prussian Blue dye Safe


Formaldehyde BiocideOrganic compound Dangerous: toxic

This is also a makeup component which is considered carcinogenic or rather cancer causing. It results into allergic reactions, irritations or contact dermatitis, chronic fatigue, and headaches. Its effects include eye, nose, and throat irritation.

Isothiazolinone Biocide and anti-microbial - Dangerous: toxic

Isothiazolinone is a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal effects. It is known to cause ski irrtations and also carcinogenic

Jojoba Seed OilMoisturizer and fungicide

Natural plant extract Safe


KaolinAbsorbent and skin remineralizer

A mixture of silicates Safe


Lanolin Emulsion stabilizer and surfactant Wool wax Safe


Lauryl dimonium hydrolysed collagen

Hair color and bleaching - Safe


Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil Lubricant

Meadowfoam seed oil Safe


Liquidum Paraffinum Refer to Mineral Oil

Refer to Mineral Oil

Risky: possible toxicant

Manganese IsotonicityNatural element

Dangerous: neurotoxicity and bioaccumulation

neurotoxicity and bioaccumulation

Manihot Esculenta (Tapioca) Root -

Natural plant extract

Dangerous: cyanogenic

cyanogenic

Mineral Oil Lubricant, co-solvent.

Liquid paraffin


These originate from coal and petroleum. Like plastics, the chemicals coat the skin, clog pores, and decrease the ability of the skin to get rid of toxins. These toxins accumulate can produce acne ad other skin disorders. They results into premature signs of aging through cellular development slow-down.

mono, di, tri ethanolamine

pH adjusting agent, buffer and foam booster

- Dangerous: organ system toxicity, skin and eye

Known to cause skin irritation and scarified skin. Additionally, it is

irritation

associated with cancer incidences, and often mentioned as carcinogenic

Oryza Sativa - Brown rice SafeNo known toxic effects to fetus

Paraben preservatives (methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl) Preservatives -

Risky: possible endocrine disruption

A major concern often emanating from use of these products is the fact that they normally mimic body oestrogen. They are normally known as xenoestrogens. According to experts, upon absorption into the skin, they enter the bloodstream at a very fast rate leaving no time for digestion hence they remain intact. The fact that they are not ingested makes them a health risk to the foetus.

Other effects associated with Parabens include their tendency to result into skin irritations, allergies, as well as Rosacea (condition resulting into redness and pimples). Foetuses are more prone to irritations of the skin due to the delicate nature of their skin.

Paraffin wax/oil Refer to Mineral Oil

Refer to Mineral Oil


possible toxicant

Phthalates Plasticizer - SafeWhen these chemicals get into the body, they are stored in the body as a form of body fat and can have a damaging effect on the kidneys, liver as well as the reproductive organs, more especially male sex organs which are developing. They are especially harmful to a

pregnant woman’s fetus. The chemicals are also known to disrupt hormonal processes, in addition to increasing risks of breast cancer. The chemicals are extensively present in beauty products including lipsticks, perfumes, hair sprays, and nail polishes.

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) compounds

Solvent, co-solvent, humectants - Safe

These synthetic compounds are commonly used in makeup products as binders or solvents. This is extremely carcinogenic and can result into allergic reactions. It might alter moisture barrier of the skin and as a result leaves one vulnerable to bacterial infection. The compounds are regularly used in sprays meant for oven cleaning.

Potassium Coco/yl Hydrolysed Collagen Hair products

Animal protein derivative Safe

Potassium Sorbate Preservative

Natural Compound

Risky: organ system toxicity

strips skin’s natural barriers and readily absorbed, and consequently leaves the immune system vulnerable to attacks

Propylene/Butylene Glycol

Humectants and moisturizer

Organic compound

Risky: skin and eye irritation

This is utilized in makeups products as moisture carrying ingredients. Propylene strips skin’s natural barriers and readily absorbed, and consequently leaves the immune system vulnerable to attacks. FDA is known to have proposed propylene glycol ban. They are known to cause skin irritation.

PVP/VA Copolymer

Binder and film former Polymer Safe

This is a chemical derived from petroleum and is a common ingredient in wave sets, hair sprays, as well as other cosmetics. They are normally considered toxic given that particles are likely to contribute to foreign bodies in human lungs.

Quaternium-7, 15, 31, 60, etc Film former - Safe


Rice Bran Oil Wax substitute



Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil

Refer to Communis Seed Oil

Refer to Communis Seed Oil Safe


Rosewood oil

Aromatherapy, scenting, anti-depressant and mildly analgesic

Volatile, Essential oil Safe


Rubus idaeus Seed Oil Fragrance

Red Raspberry oil Safe


Silica Absorbent -Risky: possible bioaccumulation

These like other emollients are occlusive and can coat skin, trap things beneath, and limit breathing of skin. Current research indicates prolonged skin exposure through occlusions resulting into skin irritation as well as blemishing. The emollients are known to result into tumor promoters, in addition to accumulating in liver as well as lymph nodes.

Silk PowderSkin conditioning agent

Pulverized silk Safe


Simmondsia Refer to Jojoba Refer to Safe No known toxic effects to

chinensis Seed oilJojoba Seed oil

fetus

Simmondsia chinensis seed oil

Refer to Jojoba Seed oil

Refer to Jojoba Seed oil Safe


Sodium Cocoyl Sarcosinate

Refer to Cocoyl Sarcosine

Refer to Cocoyl Sarcosine Safe


Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyaluronic Acid)

Skin conditioning agent - Safe


SLES & ALES Surfactant -Risky: eye and skin irritation

Irritant

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate

Refer to Cocoyl Sarcosine

Refer to Cocoyl Sarcosine Safe

This is a substance which occurs naturally in the skin. Nonetheless, its synthetic version is utilized by many cosmetic companies. They dry the skin and are also known to cause extreme allergic reactions

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) & ALS Surfactant -

Risky: eye and skin irritation

This is another element commonly found in cosmetics. The chemical is known to amount to skin rashes, eye irritations, as well as allergic reactions. They break down the moisture barrier of the skin and penetrate the skin easily allowing other chemicals to flow along. When it is combined with other chemicals, they are transformed into nitrosamines which are classified as a potent carcinogen class. SLS can potentially stay in the body for up to 5 days. It is often disguised in pseudo-natural makeup products. The product can potentially cause irritation of the scalp and hair loss.

Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate Surfactant - Safe


Starch Bulking agent



Stearalkonium Chloride

Preservative and surfactant - Safe

This is a chemical used in hair conditioners as well as creams. These chemicals are known to produce allergic reactions. The chemicals are considered to have toxic effects in the body.

Talc Absorbent - Risky: organ system toxicity This is closely linked to

what is commonly known as potent carcinogen asbestos. The particles have been known to result into tumors in ovaries as well as lungs of the victims of cancer. Scrutiny of talc particles have largely shown dangers similar to those seen with asbestos. In response to modern-day evidence, FDA generated a draft resolution which limits the volume of asbestos such as fibers found in cosmetic grade talc. Nevertheless, no conclusive ruling has been made and hence it remains unregulated. A number of studies have revealed a strong positive link between talc use and ovarian cancer. They can move through ones reproductive system and gets embedded in ovary lining. As a matter of fact, with or without the fibers which are asbestos-like, the talcum, which is

cosmetic grade powder is basically carcinogen.

TEA (Triethanolamine) Laureth Sulfate

Refer to TEA compounds

Refer to TEA compounds Safe


TEA compounds

surfactants and cleansing agents - Safe


Tin OxideViscosity controlling agent

Inorganic oxide

Risky: bioaccumulation

. They cause problems in the kidneys, blood system, liver, or even the central nervous system. Additionally, chronic exposure causes anemia, lowered levels blood cell count as well as hypoplasia. Additionally, repeated exposure is believed to cause dryness, redness, as well as dermatitis. Exposure to the same affects development of fetus.

Titanium Dioxide Colourant

Inorganic oxide

Risky: bioaccumulation, organ system toxicity

. They are known to cause problems in the kidneys, blood system, liver, or even the central nervous system. Additionally, chronic exposure causes anemia, lowered levels blood cell count as well as hypoplasia. Additionally, repeated exposure is believed to cause dryness, redness, as well as dermatitis. Exposure to the same affects development of fetus.

Toluene Solvent and paint thinner

Organic solvent

Dangerous: strong eye and lung irritant, organ system toxicity

This is often considered dangerous when absorbed through the skin. It is known to cause skin and respiratory tract irritation. They are known to cause

problems in the kidneys, blood system, liver, or even the central nervous system. Additionally, chronic exposure causes anemia, lowered levels blood cell count as well as hypoplasia. Additionally, repeated exposure is believed to cause dryness, redness, as well as dermatitis. Exposure to the same affects development of fetus.

Zinc Oxide ColorantInorganic oxide

Risky: bioaccumulation, organ system toxicity

Constant accumulation results into long-term problems

In conclusion, there are alternatives which have been developed to counter the harmful containing make-ups. The term "complementary and alternative make-ups" encompasses an extensive array of health care practices, and therapies which are different from products, and therapies used in "conventional" or "allopathic" make-ups.

References

- British Pharmacopoeia 2012- Environmental working group website – www.ewg.org- Food and drug association website – www.fda.gov- Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th ed. – David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox- Milady’s Skin Care and Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary – Natalia Michalun- National toxicology program website – http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov- Pharmaceutical Practice 4th ed. – A. J. Winfield, J. A. Rees- Pharmacology (Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews) – Richard A. Harvey- The History of Compacts and Cosmetics: Beauty from Victorian times to the present day –

Madeleine Marsh- CDC Report on Human Exposure to PFCs –

www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/perfluorinated_compounds2.html. - Pollution in People Fact Sheet on PFCs - www.pollutioninpeople.org/toxics/pfcs

http://www.pollutioninpeople.org/toxics/pfcs

http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/perfluorinated_compounds2.html

http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/perfluorinated_compounds2.htm

http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/

http://www.fda.gov/

http://www.ewg.org/

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