MAKEGENDERMATTER:GenderissuesinASEAN

ASEAN:AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations

Myanmar(Jul.1997)

Vietnam(Jul.1995)

LaoPDR(Jul.1997) Thailand(Aug.1967)

Singapore(Aug.1967)

Philippines(Aug.1967)

Malaysia(Aug.1967)

Indonesia(Aug.1967)

Brunei(Jan.1984)

Cambodia(Apr.1999)

OverviewoftheASEANCommunity

02ASEANEconomicCommunity(AEC)TransformsASEANintoastable,prosperous,andhighlycompetitiveregionwithequitableeconomicdevelopment,andreducedpovertyandsocio-economicdisparities.

03ASEANSocio-CulturalCommunity(ASCC)ContributestorealisinganASEANCommunitythatispeople-orientedandsociallyresponsiblewithaviewtoachievingenduringsolidarityandunityamongthepeoplesandMemberStatesofASEAN

ASEANPoliticalSecurityCommunity(APSC)EnsuresthatthepeoplesandMemberStatesofASEANliveinpeacewithoneanotherandwiththeworldatlargeinajust,democraticandharmoniousenvironment.

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.ASEANiscommittedtothepromotionofgenderequalityandiscognisant oftheimportancetoaddressthegenderdimensionacross3pillarsthroughgendermainstreamingstrategies

particularlyinviewofthecomplementaritiesbetweenASEANCommunityVision2015andtheSDGs.

ASEANandGenderEquality

ASEANiscommittedtopromotingtheempowermentofwomenandgirlsthroughregionalcooperation

The rights of women, children,the elderly, persons withdisabilities, migrant workers,and vulnerable and marginalisedgroups are an inalienable,integral and indivisible part ofhuman right and fundamentalfreedoms.

GeneralPrinciples We,therefore,undertaketorealise

An inclusive community that promotes highquality of life, equitable access toopportunities for all and promotes andprotects human rights of women, children,youth, the elderly/older persons, personswith disabilities, migrant workers, andvulnerable and marginalised groups

• EmpoweredPeopleandStrengthenedInstitutions• ReducingBarriers• EquitableAccessforAll• PromotionandProtectionofHumanRights• ConservationandSustainableManagementofEcosystemsBiodiversityandNaturalResources• TowardsanOpenandAdaptiveASEAN• TowardsaCreative,InnovativeandResponsiveASEAN• EngenderaCultureofEntrepreneurshipinASEAN

ASEANiscommittedtopromotingtheempowermentofwomenandgirlsthroughregionalcooperationTheASEANSocio-CulturalCommunityVision2025isforanASEANCommunitythatengagesandbenefitsthepeoplesandisinclusive,sustainable,resilient,anddynamic.

KeyResultAreasrelevanttowomenempowerment

• There has been a rise but the rise is SLOW

• Women’s limited participation in decision-making:governance, ministerial portfolios, senior positions in thecivil service; justice and law enforcement.

• What does this mean? Inequality in the distribution ofvoice, representation and influence in public sector andpolitical processes.

• How does this happen? Persistence of restrictive genderroles, women’s disadvantageous financial positions, anda lack of access to influential networks for fundraising orbuilding political alliance AND the cultural bias anddiscrimination against women as leaders.

GenderinPolitics

27%

22 % 18%

5.6%

ASEAN averageforwomeninparliament

Global averageforwomeninparliament

HighprogressinPhilippines

SlowprogressinMyanmar

Source:UNWOMEN2014

• Women make up around half of the graduates in mostASEAN countries, only 30 women per every 100 men are inleadership positions at work.

• Equality in the world of work: An additional US$28 trillion(S$38 trillion), or 26 per cent, of incremental global grossdomestic product (GDP) could be achieved in 2025.

• women account for nearly half (48.7 per cent) of the intra-ASEAN migrant working age population. Yet concerns areraised about intersecting gender, age, ethnicity and legalstatus vulnerabilities at different stages of the “migrationjourney”.

• “Smart” Economics: Education level, financial and digitalinclusion, legal protection, and unpaid care work

GenderintheEconomy

Financialanddigitalinclusion

Educationlevel

Legalprotection

Unpaidcarework

Source:XX

GenderGapsinASEANLabour Market

Vastimprovementsinmeanyearsofschooling……butpersistentdifferencesineducationalattainment;girlstendtodropoutpost-primaryandsecondarylevel

29

49

41

5955

39

2321

51

Managers&SeniorOfficials

Professionals Techniciansandassociateprofessionals

Clericalworkers

Serviceandsalesworkers

Skilledagricultural,forestryand

fisheryworkers

Craftandrelatedtrades

workers

Plantandmachineoperators

Elementaryoccupations

Womendominateclericaljobs,salesworkersandother

elementaryoccupations…

….funnelingoutofwomenfromseniorpositions

Persistentgenderwagegaps:19%Possibleexplanations:morewomenincontractualwork-63%womenareinvulnerablejobsasopposedto56%menInSouth-eastAsia,49percentofwomenareexcludedfrom

financialservices.

Source:UNWOMEN2016,ESCAP2017

OPP

ORT

UNITIES

BARRIERS

MainFindings

Demandsidebarriers• Highskilledsectors(suchasautomotives andelectronics)↑,

whereassectorswherewomendominate(suchagricultureandgarments)arestagnant

• Newlycreatedjobsdonotchallengegenderstereotypes,arevery‘female’

• Verticalsegregation- womencontinuetobeemployedinlow-payandshort-termjobs

Supplysidebarriers• Gendergapsineducation↓buteducationattainmentfor

womenstilllessthanamen

• Gendergapsinskills,credit,decentwork

• Largenumbersofhighlyeducatedwomenremainunemployed

• Highandpersistentgenderpaygap

• Persistentlegalandinstitutionalbarriers

• Safetyatworkplaceisamajorconcern

Boostintradeandformal,paidemploymentopportunities

Increasingemploymentinsectorswherewomendominate(agriculture,tourismandgarments)

Employmentopportunitiesinskilledprofessionalcategories,especiallyexportableservices

SMEgrowthopportunitieswherewomentendtodominate

• Thereisaremarkableincreaseofwomen-ownedMSMEs among all ASEAN countries. In total,there are61.3millionwomenentrepreneurs in10ASEANcountries.

• Promote women’s participation and skillsdevelopment in science, technology,engineering, arts and mathematics (S.T.E.A.M.),including information and communicationtechnologies(ICT)

• increasingwomen’sparticipationintheeconomycouldaddanadditionalUS$12trilliontoannualglobal output by 2025. Closing gender gaps inhours worked, participation and productivitycouldresultinGDPgainsofupto30percentforEast and South-East Asia (excluding China) by2025(UNESCAP2017)

Womenandeconomy

GenderandSocial(?)Issues:ViolenceagainstWomenandGirls(VAW)

Source:WHO2013andUNWOMEN2015

VAW

One-thirdofallwomenareaffected=epidemics

VAWviolenceisamajorcauseofdeathanddisability (15to44years)

CostofVAW:Productivityloss1.78percentofGDP,35percentlessearnings

VAWisthemostpervasiveviolationofhumanrights

EconomiccostofVAW-VietNam:Productivityloss1.78percentofGDP

IPV:Africa,with45.6percent,hastheworstrecord,followedbySoutheastAsia,with40.2percent

RapeandIPV*arehigherriskfactorsforwomeninthisage-groupthancancerandmotorvehicleaccidents

TheworstaffectedregionsareSoutheastAsia,theeasternMediterraneanregionandAfrica

*IntimatePartnerViolence

ASEANinstrumentsonadvancingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls

DeclarationoftheAdvancementofWomenintheASEANRegion,

HaNoi DeclarationontheEnhancementofWelfareandDevelopmentofASEANWomenandChildren,17thASEANSummit,HaNoi,VietNam

TheDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceAgainstWomenandEliminationofViolenceAgainstChildreninASEAN

1988

2010

2013

Declarationandregionalactionplans

TheDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceAgainstWomenand

EliminationofViolenceAgainstChildreninASEAN

Regional Plan of Action on the Elimination of Violence

Against Women

Regional Plan of Action on the Elimination of

Violence Against Children

ACKNOWLEDGINGtheimportanceofintensifyingeffortsofASEANMemberStatestopromotetherightsofwomenandchildren,as

wellastopreventandprotectthemfromandrespondtoallformsofviolence,abuseandexploitationofwomenandchildrenparticularlyfor

thosewhoareinvulnerablesituations

ASEANhasapolicyofzerotoleranceforallformsofviolenceagainst

women.Recognizingviolenceagainstwomenasaviolationofhumanrights,ASEANisdeterminedtoeliminateallformsofviolenceagainstwomenasamatterof

priority.

ASEANMemberStateshaveazerotoleranceforanyformofviolence

againstchildren.Theultimategoalofthisplanistheeliminationofall

formsofviolenceagainstchildrenintheASEANMemberStates.

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ASEANmechanismsundertakingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls

ASEAN Committee on Women (ACW)

As the oldest existing women’s body within the ASEAN,the AWC has been the leader on efforts to eliminateviolence against women in the region. The ACW oversawthe creation of the ASEAN Committee on the Rights ofWomen and Children and drafted the ASEAN Declarationon the Elimination of Violence against Women in 2004.

Promotionofwomenleadership

Nongenderstereotypingandsocialnormschange

Gendermainstreamingacross3pillars

EliminationofVAW

Economicempowermentofwomen

Wo r k P l a n 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 20

Priority

Are

a

ASEANmechanismsundertakingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls

ACW and ACWC Joint Ad-hoc Working Group on GenderMainstreaming. Gender mainstreaming in the three (3)ASEAN Community pillars: ASEAN Political-SecurityCommunity (APSC), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC),and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)

ACWC is a consultative intergovernmental human rightsmechanism dedicated to promoting and protecting thehuman rights and fundamental freedoms of women andchildren within ASEAN member states.

ASEAN Commission on the Promotionand Protection of the Rights ofWomen and Children (ACWC)

Its formation was mandated as part of the VientianeAction Programme adopted at the ASEAN Summit in2004, and its formal establishment was spurred by theCEDAW and the CRC– in combination with the increasein human rights instruments adopted by ASEAN on theseissues.

ASEANmechanismsundertakingissuesrelatedtomigrantworkers

In 2017, the ACMW, together with the ASEANSecretariat, UN Women and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES), commissioned and launched the study on Womenmigrant workers in the ASEAN Economic Community

On 13 January 2007, the ASEAN Leaders signed thelandmark ASEAN Declaration on the Protection andPromotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, also knownas the Cebu Declaration

ASEAN Committee on the Implementationof the ASEAN Declaration on theProtection and Promotion of the Rights ofMigrant Workers (ACMW)

ToensuretheeffectiveimplementationofthecommitmentsmadeundertheDeclaration;and

TofacilitatethedevelopmentofanASEANinstrumentontheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofmigrantworkers.

ASEANinstrumentsonadvancingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls

ManilaStatementonMainstreamingWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)inASEANActionAgendaonMainstreamingWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)inASEANDraftJointStatementonWomen,PeaceandSecurity

DeclarationontheGender-ResponsiveImplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025andtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals

JointStatementonWomen,PeaceandSecurityASEANConsensusontheProtectionandPromotionoftheRightsofMigrantWorkers

COMMITMEN

TTHRO

UGH

DeclarationontheGender-ResponsiveImplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025andtheSDGs

§ Sex-disaggregatedHigh-quality,reliableandtimelydatabases&analyses

§ M&E§ Mainstreamgenderperspectiveandanalysis§ Investmentstocloseresource gaps§ Women'sequalaccesstoandfullparticipationindecision-making

§ Engagementofmenandboys§ ASEANSectoralBodiestoengageandestablishmechanismsforengagementwithwomen’sorgs

§ DevelopmentandimplementationofGMinitiativesacrosssectoral bodiesandpillars

§ Gender-responsiveimplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025withthethreeASEANBlueprintsandtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals

§ Toensuretherealisation ofapeople-orientedandpeople-centeredASEANwhereallwomenandgirlsareabletoreachthefullestoftheirpotentials

TheActionAgendaaimstomainstreamWomen’sEconomicEmpowermentthroughinnovation,tradeandinclusivebusiness,andhumancapitaldevelopment1. ADDRESS thebarriersthatimpedemaximizingwomen’sfulleconomic

potential2. PROMOTE women’sparticipationandskillsdevelopmentinscience,

technology,engineering,artsandmathematics(S.T.E.A.M.),includinginformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT)

3. INVEST inprogramswhichprovideenablingenvironmentsforwomenmicro,smallandmediumenterprises(MSMEs)

4. INCREASE women’srepresentationandleadershipintheworkforceattheexecutiveandmanagerialpositionsbyintensifyinghumancapitaldevelopment

5. ENCOURAGE PUBLICANDPRIVATESECTORCOLLABORATION6. CONSIDER organizinganannualASEANWomen’sBusinessConference

ActionAgendaonMainstreamingWEEinASEAN

Women,PeaceandSecurity:aTransformativeAgenda

CALL forwomen’sfullandmeaningfulparticipationandleadershipinalleffortsto

maintainpeaceandsecurityincludingrespondingto

NEWTHREATS

ADVOCATE fortheinclusionofwomeninconflictprevention,transitionandpeace

processes

RECOGNISE thatwomenandgirlsexperience

conflictdifferentlythanmen,andsuchnuance

requirestailoredattentionandexpertise

ASEANConnectivity

PhysicalConnectivity

InstitutionalConnectivity

People-to-People

Connectivity

ASEANConnectivity2025ToachieveaseamlesslyandcomprehensivelyconnectedandintegratedASEANthatwillpromotecompetitiveness,inclusiveness,andagreatersenseofCommunity.

Sustainableinfrastructure

Digitalinnovation

Seamlesslogistics

Regulatoryexcellence

Peoplemobility

Digitalinnovation

Strategicobjectives1.Supporttheadoptionoftechnologybymicro,smallandmediumenterprises(MSMEs)

2.Supportfinancialaccessthroughdigitaltechnologies

3.ImproveopendatauseinASEANMemberStates

4.SupportenhanceddatamanagementinASEANMemberStates

Keyinitiatives1.EnhancetheMSMEtechnologyplatform

2.DeveloptheASEANdigitalfinancialinclusionframework

3.EstablishanASEANopendatanetwork

4.EstablishanASEANdigitaldatagovernanceframework

ASEANmechanismsundertakingDigitalinnovation

Initiatives Leadimplementingbody Otherimplementingbody/stakeholders

1.EnhancetheMSMEtechnologyplatform

ACCMSME TELSOM

2.DevelopanASEANdigitalfinancialinclusionframework

WorkingCommitteeonFinancialInclusion(WC-FINC)

Nationalregulators

3.EstablishanASEANopendatanetwork

TELSOM SEOM,SOMED,SOMHD,ACSSCommittee,Governmentagencies

4.EstablishanASEANdigitaldatagovernanceframework

TELSOM SEOM,SOMED,SOMHD,Governmentagencies

FLAGSHIPINITIATIVES2018

ASEANHeForShe Campaign

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RaiseawarenessintheASEANregionontheengagementofmenandboysasagentsofchangeinespousinggenderequality1

AnchorASEANandtheMemberStates’positioninpromotinggenderequality2

ShowcasetheMemberStates’ongoingsupporttoHeForShe campaignandrelated/similarcampaignswhichculminatesintoregionalcampaign3ServeasalaunchpadforHeForShe’s ensuingactivitiessuchasnationalandregionalrecognitionawards,youthengagementandinnovativemediaplatform,amongother

4

5

Objectives

JOINTSTATEMENTONWOMEN,PEACEANDSECURITYINASEAN

ACWCaskeyproponentofJSWPSwasregardedasoneofkeysectoralbodiestomoveforwardwithitsimplementation

Adoptedat31st SummitinNovember2017

Emphasizesontheimportanceofwomen’sequal,fullandeffectiveparticipationatallstagesofpeaceprocesses.

Hasreceivedattentionfromvariousstakeholders;AUREDIV,ASEAN-AustraliaWomen,PeaceandSecurityDialogueandAIPR(plusUNWomenonPVE)

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REGIONALVAWGDATAGUIDELINES(UNWOMEN)

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Not mandatory and can be used by data analysts and managers instatistics agencies, ministries and organizations that deal with datarelated to VAWG

Can inform decisions related to VAWG data and be used to advocate formore and better data on VAWG.

Equip AMS to generate reliable data and evidence as inputs to strategiesat national and regional levels to prevent and respond to VAWG, and toreport on SDGs targets and indicators related to ending VAWG, .

Strengthen the capacity of AMS to systematically collect and use datarelated to VAWG through the development and dissemination of theseASEAN VAWG Data Guidelines

1

2

4

3

(Innovative?)Waysforward:ImplementingGenderEqualityinASEAN

30

Innovativepartnership

Goingbeyondthe“social”realms

Inclusiveadvocacy andawareness-raising

UnderstandingIntersectionality1

2

4

3

5

Rethinkingresources

Challengesinactualising GenderEqualitythroughGenderMainstreaminginASEAN

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Continuityandsustainability

Impactfuladvocacy,effectivecoordination andgender-awarefocalpoints

Integratinggenderintoexistingmandatesandworkratherthananadd-onelement

UnderstandingofGenderMainstreaminganditspracticalapplicabilityvis-à-visASEANsectoralbodiesandtheirwork1

2

4

3

5

Resources;financialresources,humanresourcesandgenderknowledgeandknow-how

www.asean.org

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PROBLEMLAB

1) ASEANDeclarationonInnovation

TheDeclarationwasledbytheASEANEconomicCommunityPillar(AEC).ThereisnocleargenderagendaembeddedintheDeclaration.Howthencouldwemakesurethatintheimplementationandtheroll-outoftheDeclaration,women’sempowermentespeciallywomen’seconomicempowermentandeconomicjusticeistakenintoaccountandstreamlinedthroughouttheprocess?

2)ASEANactionagendaonWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)

IstheactionagendarecipeforWomen’sEconomicEmpowermentandGenderEquality?

Whatelsecouldbeaddressedtoenhancetheactionagendafromlegalandjusticepointsofview?

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3) TheACWCandACWarecommittedtopromoteWomen,PeaceandSecurityagendainASEAN.However,WPSagendaisnewandcanbeconsideredsensitiveintheASEANregionwithitsdiversecoverageofissuesfromviolenceagainstwomenandgirls,disastermanagement,resilience,access tojusticeandwomen’sparticipationinpeaceprocesses.

https://asean.org/storage/2017/11/8.-ADOPTION_Joint-Statement-on-Promoting-Women-Peace-and-Security-in-ASEANACWC-Endorsed_rev2.pdf

4) ASEANDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceagainstWomen(andGirls)andtheRegionalPlanofActionontheEliminationofViolenceagainstWomen

https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/ASEANdeclarationVaW_violenceagainstchildren.pdf

HowistheempowermentofwomenenvisagedintheseDeclarations/JointStatementsandensuingpolicydirections?Howisgenderunderstoodineachofthesetexts?