major brain structures from the bottom-up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
![Page 2: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 2
Major Brain Structures from the Bottom Up
1. Myelencephalon: (Hindbrain)
Medulla: the most posterior region of the brain stem.
Pyramids: carry signals for voluntary movement from the cortex to the motor circuits of the spinal cord.
Olives: nuclei connected to the cerebellum
Reticular formation: arousal, sleep attention.
![Page 3: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 4
2. Metencephalon: (Hindbrain)
Cerebellum: coordination of movement
Ataxia- jerky inaccurate movement produced by cerebellar damage.
Cerebellar peduncles: connect cerebellum to the rest of the brain stem.
Pons: nuclei of cranial nerves 5-8.
![Page 5: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 6
3. Mesencephalon: (Midbrain)
Superior colliculi: vision
Inferior colliculi: audition
Red nuclei: sensorimotor
Substantia nigra: sensorimotor
Periaqueductal gray: (PAG) pain & defensive behavior
![Page 7: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 8
4. Diencephalon: (Forebrain)
A. Thalamus: sensory relay system to the cortex
Lateral geniculate: vision
Medial geniculate: audition
Ventral posterior: somatosensory
Internal lamina: white matter
![Page 9: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 10
4. Diencephalon: (Forebrain)B. Hypothalamus: motivation
Ventromedial nuclei: feeding(missing is lateral hypothalamus)
Suprachiasmatic nuclei: biological rhythms
Mammillary bodies: emotion
Preoptic area: sex
![Page 11: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 12
Posterior pituitary: innervated by the hypothalamus
Paraventricular nuclei: a hypothalamic nucleus innervating the posterior pituitary.
Supraoptic nuclei: a hypothalamic nucleus innervating the posterior pituitary.
Posterior Pituitary Releases: oxytocin & vasopressin.
..
![Page 13: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 13
Pituitary Gland:
Anterior: master gland
Releases trophic hormones in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones.
![Page 14: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 15
5. Telencephalon: (Forebrain)Composed of cortical and Subcortical structures:
Basal ganglia (Overall role in control of movement, these structures are located lateral to the thalamus)
Caudate (tail-like shape).
Putamen: The putamen and caudate together are called the striatum (because their appearance is
striped).
Parkinson’s disease is produced by degeneration of the caudate and putamen.
Globus pallidus.
![Page 16: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 17
5. Telencephalon: (Forebrain)Subcortical: Limbic System (motivation &
emotion)Amygdala (almond shaped) Different nuclei in the amygdale have different
connections, and it can be assigned to both the limbic system (Carlson) as well as the basal ganglia.
Hippocampus: (seahorse, memory)
Cingulate cortex: (pain, depression)
Fornix: (fiber bundle: hippocampus - hypothalamus)
Septum: (sex)
Mammillary bodies: (hypothalamus – pituitary)
![Page 18: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon Inc. 19
5.Telencephalon (Forebrain) Cortical Structures
A. Frontal lobe: motor
Premotor context – planning of movement
B. Parietal lobe: somatosensory
C. Occipital lobe: vision
D. Temporal lobe: audition
![Page 20: Major Brain Structures from the Bottom-Up 1. 2. 3. 4. 5](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081502/56649ccb5503460f9499522e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)