maitland helicopters ppt lesson

© Maitland Helicopters 1

MODULE 3

Training Introductory FlightPrimary Effects of Controls


MAITLAND HELICOPTERS““Heart of the Hunter”Heart of the Hunter”

Training Introductory Flight (Primary Effects of Controls)

Training Objective (Aim)To be able to identify & manipulate the helicopter flight controls safely in cruising flight, by; observing, recognising & understanding the Primary Effects, of the Flight Controls.

DefinitionFlight Controls (like your car steering wheel) when manipulated by the pilot, manoeuvres the helicopter through the air. Each control has a specific function that makes precise (and very responsive) movements of the helicopter which are referred to as ‘Primary Effects of Controls’. ‘Are you ready for the challenge?



WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME? After reading this section you will be able to maintain straight & level (cruising) flight with the supervision of your Instructor (Element H5.2). This involves:

Manipulate flight controls observing their effectsMaintain straight & level flight (with the cyclic control) at normal cruise ±5 knotsMaintain a heading (with the cyclic control) ±5°Maintain nominated altitude (with the collective control) ±100 feetMaintain Helicopter in balance (with the pedals)Observe, recognise & understand Visual engine & rotor indications

You will also be able Maintain effective communications & interpersonal relationship with your instructor (Element C6.5); and

Recognise and manage undesired aircraft state (Element C7.3)

Learning Outcomes (Lesson Content) – 1.5 hour



Overview (Structure)Lesson Content - NEW KNOWLEDGE

• The three axis's, basic horizontal flight manoeuvres• Primary Effects of Controls - disc attitudes

• Safe manipulation - over controlling, pendulum effect

Air Exercise - SKILLS & BEHAVIOUR

• Manipulate Flight controls observing the effects• Maintaining balance with peddles • Maintain Altitude (height) with the Collective• Maintain straight, level & heading with the Cyclic• Instrumentation

Flight Sequence• Pre-start up checks• Transit to training area• Demonstration by Instructor• Student Performs Task• Photo time• Return Home fly, Pre-landing & shutdown

Threat & Error Management• Recognise & manage undesired aircraft state• Maintain effective communication & interpersonal relationships

Post-flight Briefing

•Outcome. Feedback. Future



New Knowledge (Lesson Content) – 30 mins

•Tail Rotor

LONGATUDINAL/ ROLL

VERTICAL / YAW

LATERAL / PITCH ATTITUDE

The three axis's, basic horizontal flight manoeuvres



New Knowledge - ContinuedTail Rotor Peddles – LEFT

Vertical (Yaw) movement of the helicopter, which changes balance in cruise flight NOT DIRECTION. Place both feet on the peddles. Peddles do not self centre. :

•Tail Rotor

Left Peddle forward Cruise – Out of BalanceCruise – In Balanced



New Knowledge - ContinuedTail Rotor Peddles – RIGHT

ALWAYS BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS IN THE DEGREE THAT THE RIGHT PEDDLE IS PUSHED FORWARD.

•Tail Rotor

Right Peddle forward Cruise – Out of BalanceCruise – In Balanced



New Knowledge - ContinuedThrottle – INBOARD & OUTBOARD

Engine RPM (and rotor RPM) - GOVERNORThrottle with your Left hand. Rotating the throttle inboard increase RPM, outboard will decrease RPM.. ALWAYS BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS THAT YOU DO NOT ‘CHOKE’ OR ROTATE THE THROTTLE WHILE IN FLIGHT.

•Tail Rotor

Change in RPM & MAPGovernor on during all stages of flight

Toggle switch selects between Governor ON & Governor OFF



New Knowledge - ContinuedCollective Control – RAISE

Power (engine) & Altitude (HeightGrip the Collective with your Left handALWAYS BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS IN THE DEGREE THAT THE COLLECTIVE IS RAISED.

•Tail Rotor

Engine Power Increases in MAP

Helicopter Climbs

Increase in Altitude (height)

Raise the Collective



New Knowledge - ContinuedCollective Control – LOWER

The Collective does not self centre, it will raise & lower by it self in different situations, always have your left hand ‘at the ready’.

•Tail Rotor

Engine Power Decreases in MAP

Helicopter Descends

Decrease in Altitude (height)

Lower the Collective



New Knowledge - ContinuedCyclic Control - FWD

Lateral (pitch) movement of the helicopter, which changes Airspeed (Attitude) and Direction. Grip the Cyclic with your right hand. Rest your right fore arm on your knee for steadiness

•Tail Rotor

Disc Attitude changeFuselage follows

Airspeed Increases

Move the cyclic forward



New Knowledge - ContinuedCyclic Control - AFT

ALWAYS BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS IN THE DEGREE THAT THE CYCLIC IS MOVED BACK.

•Tail Rotor


Airspeed decrease

Move the Cyclic back (Aft)



New Knowledge - ContinuedCyclic Control – PORT & STARBOARD

Longitudinal (roll) movement of the helicopter , which changes Heading (direction). Grip the Cyclic with your right hand. Rest your right fore arm on your knee for steadiness

•Tail Rotor


Change in Heading

Move the cyclic Right



New Knowledge - ContinuedAircraft Action & Reaction

Coordination - try to develop a smooth, gentle touch. All flight controls are light, sensitive....but slow to react, so you must PAUSE

These small training helicopters do not have an Auto Pilot installed so someone must be on the controls at all times. DONT LET GO!

•Tail Rotor

NO HARSH FORCEFULL MOVEMENTS

×

×

Pendulum ActionWhen airspeed is reduced the weight helicopter swings under the rotor disc:• Nose up - tail down Oscillation



AIR EXERCISE – Skills & Behaviour

Attitude – with Cyclic, EYES OUTSIDE, scan Air speed 65 Knots Straight & Level

Balance - with Peddles, Watch the StringBall centre

Power (Height) – with Collective, Scan MAP & Altimeter21 – 23 inches & 1,500 feet



Flight SequencePre-start up checks & Passenger Briefing (emergency procedures)Transit to training areaDemonstration by instructor of Primary Effects, one control at a time

Peddles – From Straight & Level, effects of right & left pedal movementvisual & flight instrument indications – Student Practice

Collective – From Straight & Level, effects of raising & lowering the collectivevisual & flight instrument indications – Student Practice

Cyclic – From Straight & Level, demonstrate pitching movement in relation to attitude & airspeed and flight instrument indications – Student Practice

S & L, demonstrate rolling movement (gentle & Rate 1 turns) in relation to attitude, heading and flight instrument indications – Student Practice

Student practice straight & level flight and turns

PHOTO OPPORTUNITY - Return home – Pre-landing & shutdown



Threat & Error Management - Airmanship Together as flight crew, let us identifying the Threat(s) and Error(s) before flight, so that we may implement a plan and countermeasures to reduce or eliminate undesired aircraft states.

THREATS & ERRORS

•Incorrect aircraft handling – over controlling

•Abnormal flight conditions or limitations exceeded

• Loss of Situational Awareness

•Low level flying – take-off/landing

•Other Aircraft, obstacles, wires

TEM – COUNTERMEASURES

“I/You have Control”, “Follow me through”

“My Aircraft”

Verbal Confirmation prior to actions (CRM) “Code red”

Sterile Cockpit - Student observe below 500ft, speak up when safety compromised

Eyes outside 95%



THINGS TO REMEMBER

RELAX – ENJOY THE FLIGHT

CORRECT COMFORTABLE POSTURE

SMALL GENTAL MOVEMENTS

QUESTIONS

???


Post - Flight BriefingOUTCOME - Element H5.2, C6.5 & C7.3

Maintain straight & level flight ±5 knots

Maintain a heading ±5°

Maintain nominated±100 feet

Maintain Helicopter in balance

STANDARD ACHIEVED

FEEDBACK - Lesson & Assessment Record

FUTURE – Module 4, Secondary Effects of Controls

maitland helicopters ppt lesson

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