maintaining bts transmission

Maintaining BTS Transmission

DN70143712Issue 1 en draft

# Nokia Corporation 1 (40)

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2 (40) # Nokia Corporation DN70143712Issue 1 en draft


Contents

Contents 3

1 Overview of maintaining BTS transmission 5

2 Optimising and expanding BTS transmission interfaces 72.1 Transmission interface configuration constraints 72.2 Modifying transmission configuration with XML configuration file 82.3 Inspecting and modifying Traffic Descriptors 92.4 Inspecting and modifying IMA settings 122.5 Inspecting and modifying PDH interface settings 152.6 Configuring loopbacks 182.7 Modifying DCN settings 192.8 Modifying IP routes 212.9 Modifying DHCP configurations 232.10 Modifying NTP settings 242.11 Modifying public IP address 252.12 Modifying synchronisation settings 27

3 Monitoring BTS transmission 293.1 Reading transmission alarms 29

4 Measuring BTS transmission 334.1 Monitoring the performance of BTS and physical interfaces 334.2 Monitoring IMA performance 364.3 Monitoring ATM performance 38



Contents

1 Overview of maintaining BTStransmission

Purpose

This is an overview of maintaining Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS transmissionusing Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager.

Steps

1. To optimise and expand BTS transmission interfaces, see the followinginstructions.

. Modifying transmission configuration with XML configuration file

. Inspecting and modifying Traffic Descriptors

. Inspecting and modifying IMA settings

. Inspecting and modifying PDH interface settings

. Configuring loopbacks

. Modifying DCN settings

. Modifying IP routes

. Modifying DHCP configurations

. Modifying NTP settings

. Modifying public IP address

. Modifying synchronisation settings

See also Transmission interface configuration constraints.

2. To monitor BTS transmission, see Reading transmission alarms.

3. To measure BTS transmission, see the following instructions.

. Monitoring the performance of the BTS and physical interfaces

. Monitoring IMA performance

. Monitoring ATM performance



Overview of maintaining BTS transmission

Related topics:

For instructions on how to update BTS software, see Updating BTS site softwarein WCDMA BTS Commissioning.

For hardware maintenance, see Maintaining the Stand-alone Base Station.



2 Optimising and expanding BTStransmission interfaces

2.1 Transmission interface configuration constraints

Physical and logical interfaces

A logical interface is an interface that has a logical implementation on top of oneor more physical interfaces. The Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) groups isthe logical interface in the Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS transmission sub-module.The PDH interface has both a physical and logical implementation in thetransmission sub-module.

Note

The VPI bit range is 8 bits (0-255). The VCI bit range is 12 bits (0-4095).

Note

Virtual Channel (VC) values from 0 to 7 are not configurable. Values from 8 to 31are configurable but should not be used. They are reserved by standardisationbodies for other purposes.

Note

Interfaces can be used for ATM traffic only after they have been taken into usewith Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager. Only those interfaces that are actuallyused should be taken into use.



Optimising and expanding BTS transmission interfaces

Characters supported by Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager

Table 1. Characters supported by Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL

1 DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB

2 SP ! $ %

3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4 @ A B C D E F G

5 P Q R S T U V W

6 ` a b c d e f g

7 p q r s t u v w

8 9 A B C D E F

0 BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI

1 CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US

2 ( ) * + , - .

3 8 9 : ; = ?

4 H I J K L M N O

5 X Y Z [ ] ^ _

6 h i j k l m n o

7 x y z { | } ~

2.2 Modifying transmission configuration with XMLconfiguration file

Before you start

Check that:



. the XML configuration file has been prepared and is available

. the AAL2 Multiplexing licence file is available (if necessary)

. the transmission sub-module has access to the location of the configurationand licence files (for example, Local Management Tool or a database inNetAct)

If you want to modify the transmission configuration, you need to recommissionthe BTS. For instructions, see Performing reconfiguration commissioning inNokia WCDMA BTS Commissioning.

If the XML configuration file is downloaded to the BTS locally from the LocalManagement Tool, you do not have to configure an external File TransferProtocol (FTP) server. Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager contains an internalFTP server that is activated automatically when necessary.

Note

If the internal FTP server is used, close all other FTP servers running on the samePC to avoid port conflicts.

Note

If you are using a remote FTP server, make sure that the XML configuration fileis accessible to the BTS and that the FTP server is online and running.

Steps

1. For instructions, see Performing planned commissioning in NokiaWCDMA BTS Commissioning.

The commissioning target is TRS Only.

2.3 Inspecting and modifying Traffic Descriptors

Purpose

Traffic Descriptors define the traffic and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters forone or more Virtual Path (VP) or Virtual Channel (VC) connections.




Before you start

Note

Only Traffic Descriptors that are not in use can be modified or deleted.

Steps

1. Inspect Traffic Descriptor settings.

Click Configuration → TRS Configuration... and select the TrafficDescriptors pane.

Figure 1. Inspecting Traffic Descriptors

Tip

By clicking Traffic Descriptors, you can view all traffic descriptors that areconfigured.

The following information is displayed for each Traffic Descriptor:



. Name of the Traffic Descriptor

. Conformance Definition (CBR.1 and UBR)

. Peak Cell Rate (cells/s)

. Traffic Descriptor Is Used in (X) Connections

Click Send to save the changes.

Figure 2. Traffic Descriptors

2. Delete a Traffic Descriptor.

Select the Traffic Descriptor you want to delete from the list and clickDelete. Click Send to save the changes.

3. Modify a Traffic Descriptor.

Select the Traffic Descriptor you want to modify from the list and make thenecessary modifications.




Figure 3. Modifying a Traffic Descriptors

You can modify the following settings:

. Name: name for the Traffic Descriptor (max. 20 characters)

. Conformance Definition: CBR.1 or UBR.

. Peak Cell Rate (cells/s)


2.4 Inspecting and modifying IMA settings

Purpose

Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a technique by which ATM traffic can bedistributed between several lower bandwidth PDH links, and then recombinedagain at the far end. IMA groups can be created in FTPB, FTEB and FTIAinterface units.

For more information on IMA, see Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) in BaseStation Description.



Steps

1. Inspect the IMA group settings.

Click Configuration → TRS Configuration → IMA.... The InverseMultiplexing for ATM (IMA) pane opens.

Figure 4. Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) window

You can view the properties of IMA groups and IMA links by clicking theShow Status button.

The following IMA group properties are displayed in the Group pane:

. IMA Group ID

. Operational State (Disabled/Enabled)

. Near-end IMA Group State

. Far-end IMA Group State

. Current IMAVersion: 1.0, 1.0Alt or 1.1

. Current TX Timing Link

. RX Timing Link

. IMA Links Status

. Number of TX Active Links

. Number of RX Active Links

. Rx Frame Length




. Cell Rate Available for Transmitting

. Cell Rate Available for Receiving

. Far-end IMA ID

. Near-end IMA ID

Figure 5. IMA group status


2. Delete an IMA group.

Select the group from the list and click Delete IMA Group. Click Send tosave the changes.

Note

Before deleting an IMA group, delete all cross-connections and terminationpoints.

3. Modify an IMA group.

Select the group you want to modify from the list and click ModifyGroup....




. Add or remove links: select the link you want to modify and makethe necessary modifications.

The capacity is calculated automatically.. Modify the minimum link count (the minimum number of IMA

links required to keep the IMA group active).

Possible values range from 1 to the number of configured IMAlinks. The default value is 1.

Select the link you want to modify. Use the arrow buttons to changethe minimum number of links.

. Set the IMA group into use: select the In Use check box.


The maximum number of IMA groups and links is the following:

. FTPB: 1 to 4 IMA groups, with 1 to 8 E1/T1/JT1 links per IMAgroup

. FTEB: 1 to 4 IMA groups, with 1 to 8 E1 links per IMA group

. FTIA: 1 to 2 IMA groups, with 1 to 4 E1/T1/JT1 links per IMAgroup

Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager creates the Group ID automaticallyafter checking the already assigned IDs in the slot. The range of IDs isfrom 33 to 99 per slot, so that 33 is assigned to the first group andincremented by 1 for the next group.

Click OK to close the Modify IMA Group window.

2.5 Inspecting and modifying PDH interface settings

Before you start

Note

In Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager, the FTFA is displayed as an interface unitwith 8 E1 interfaces and 2 Flexbus interfaces (greyed out). The ATM part of theFTFA is treated as any other interface unit and can therefore be configured withNokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager. Flexbus-related configurations areperformed with Nokia FlexiHub Manager.




Steps

1. Inspect the PDH settings.

Click Configuration → TRS Configuration → Physical Interfaces....

Figure 6. Inspecting PDH settings

The following information is displayed:

. In Use (Yes/No)

. Line Type

. CRC On

You can access Loop Configuration by clicking the Interface Loopsbutton.

2. Check the interface type.

Check the interface type from the dropdown menu in the TransmissionInterface Pane.

If necessary, select another standard from the list. The standard isselectable for FTPB and FTIA only.



The available standards for the PDH interface units are:

. FTPB: E1, T1, JT1

. FTEB: E1

. FTIA: E1, T1, JT1

. FTFA: E1

Note

Frequent switching between interface types may cause problems and should beavoided.

No mixed configurations of E1/T1/JT1 are allowed on the same transmission sub-module. If you change the PDH interface type, the change will be applied to allinterfaces of the unit and configurations deleted. Possible traffic will be cut off.

The available line types are the following:

. E1: MultiFrame (select the CRC On check box; default),DoubleFrame (clear the CRC On check box).

. T1: Extended SuperFrame (select the CRC On check box; default),SuperFrame (clear the CRC On check box)

. JT1: Extended MultiFrame

The line type can be set independently for each interface.

3. Modify the Lbo and BER settings.


. Line Build Out (Lbo): possible values are 0 dB (default), 7.5 dB and15 dB. The highest Tx power output for the line interface is 0 dBand it can be attenuated in order to avoid overloading the interface.Lbo has to be defined for JT1 and T1 interfaces.

. Bit Error Rate (BER): possible values are 10-3 (default), 10-6.

The haul type is configured automatically according to the received signallevel.

4. Click Send to save the changes.

Further information

See also the following instructions:




. Configuring loopbacks

. Inspecting and modifying IMA settings

2.6 Configuring loopbacks

Purpose

The following loopbacks can be configured on PDH interfaces:

. loop to interface (incoming signal is looped back to output directly after theinterface)

. loop to equipment (outgoing signal is looped back to input directly beforethe interface)

The following loopbacks can be configured on SDH/SONET interfaces:

. long loop to interface (incoming signal is looped back to output directlyafter the interface)

. short loop to equipment (outgoing signal is looped back to input directlybefore the interface)

Steps

1. Select the Tests→ Interface Loops menu item.

A new window opens.

2. Create the loopback.

Select the interface for which you want to create a loopback. Select theloopback type from the dropdown menu.

The loopback type can be either To Equipment or To Interface.



Figure 7. Creating a loopback

3. Define the loop timeout.

Define the New Timeout. It is the time period after which the loopbackstops automatically. The default value is 15 minutes, the minimum value isone minute, and the maximum value 1440 minutes (1 day).


2.7 Modifying DCN settings

Purpose

The Data Communication Network (DCN) connections are IP over ATMconnections that are terminated in the IP routing instance of the transmissionsubmodule. IP packets are transported via ATM/AAL5.




Before you start

Note

Connection to Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS can be lost if the Data CommunicationNetwork settings are modified.

Steps

1. Click Configuration → TRS configuration → DCN interfaces...

The DCN Settings view opens.

Figure 8. DCN Settings window

In this window you can see the DCN connections.

2. Add and delete DCN connections.

If you want to add a DCN connection, click New ATM DCN Interface...

Specify the following information:

. ATM Interface

. Virtual Path



. Virtual Channel

. Destination IP Address


If you want to delete a DCN connection, select the connection from the listand click Delete. Before you delete a DCN connection you have to deleteall routing table entries that use the connection. For more information, seeModifying IP routes.

2.8 Modifying IP routes

Purpose

Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS has an integrated IP router which has to beconfigured. In order for the Data Communication Network (DCN) to work, therouting table should be configured so that there is a route to each possibledestination address specified.

Before you start

Note

The following IP addresses should not be configured:

. default address (0.0.0.0)

. multicast address (224.0.0.0/8)

. broadcast address (255.255.255.255)

. addresses in the subnet 192.168.255.xxx (internal address)

. addresses in the subnet 127.xxx.xxx.xxx (reserved for loopbacks)

Steps

1. Click Configuration→ TRS Configuration→ Routing... and select theRouting pane.




Figure 9. Inspecting IP routing settings

The Routing tab is split into two parts. In the upper part you can see theStatic Route Table which shows manually created routes. In the lower partyou can see the Forwarding Table which shows the routing information forall active routes, either manually configured or automatically detected.

2. Delete a route.

If you want to remove a route, select the route from the list and select thecheck box next to the Gateway column.

You can only delete routes that have been manually configured. They areshown in the Static Route Table.


3. Add a route.

If you want to add a route, click the New Route field to enter an IPaddress. Click Send to save the changes.



2.9 Modifying DHCP configurations

Steps

1. Click Configuration → TRS Configuration → IP Addresses...

Figure 10. DHCP configurations

2. Add a new DHCP configuration.

Select the check box next to the IP Address column and enter the IPaddress in the field. Click Send to save the changes.

3. Modify an existing DHCP configuration.

Select the configuration to be modified from the list and modify the IPaddress. Select the check box next to the IP Address column and enter theIP address in the field. Click Send to save the changes.

4. Delete a DHCP configuration.

Select the configuration from the list and clear the check box next to the IPAddress column. Click Send to save the changes.




5. If you have modified any of the IP addresses, reset the BTS.

2.10 Modifying NTP settings

Purpose

Time setting in Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS can be handled via Network TimeProtocol (NTP) by connecting to an NTP server.

Steps

1. Click Configuration → TRS Configuration → System Time...

The System Time window opens.

Figure 11. System Time window

2. Modify NTP settings.

Select the NTP server that you want to modify from the list and modify theIP Address. Click Send to save the changes.

3. Add an NTP server.

If you want to add an NTP server, click into an empty field and enter the IPaddress of the new NTP server. Click Send to save the changes.



4. Remove an NTP server.

Select the check the box next to the Status column, and click Send to savethe changes.

2.11 Modifying public IP address

Purpose

The public IP address of Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS can be reconfigured withNokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager.

Note

The following IP addresses should not be configured:

. default address (0.0.0.0)

. multicast address (224.0.0.0/8)

. broadcast address (255.255.255.255)

. addresses in the subnet 192.168.255.xxx (internal address)

. addresses in the subnet 127.xxx.xxx.xxx (reserved for loopbacks)

Steps

1. Click Configuration → TRS Configuration → IP Addresses...

The IP Settings view opens.




Figure 12. IP Settings window

2. Change the public IP address of the TRS Unit of the BTS.

Select the address you want to modify and make the necessarymodifications.

Note

Changing the IP address usually breaks the DCN connectivity until the other endof the DCN link is re-configured to use the new address as the destinationaddress.


4. Reset the BTS.



2.12 Modifying synchronisation settings

Purpose

To ensure the synchronisation of Nokia Flexi WCDMA BTS, you have toconfigure the recovered timing source and the timing protection source. Amaximum of three timing sources are possible, the third always being the internalclock.

Steps

1. Click TRS Configuration → Synchronisation...

The Synchronisation window opens.

Figure 13. Synchronisation window

2. Delete a timing source.

Select the check box next to the Timing Source column, and click Send tosave the changes.

3. Click on the timing source field of the timing source you want tomodify.

A drop-down list opens.

Select the timing source you want to configure as the new timing source.





3 Monitoring BTS transmission

3.1 Reading transmission alarms

Purpose

The alarms window of Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager gives accurate dataabout alarms that have occurred in the transmission sub-module.

Steps

1. Open the alarms window.

The current alarm list is displayed at the bottom of the Nokia WCDMABTS Site Manager window. If the alarm list is not visible, you can resizethe lower part of the window by placing the mouse pointer to the bottom ofthe page and dragging upwards to the desired position.

Figure 14. Alarms view

2. Refresh the alarms list.



Monitoring BTS transmission

Click View → Refresh → Alarms.

3. Sort the alarms.

You can sort the alarms by clicking the column headings. The alarms canbe sorted by:

. Severity

. Time

. Description

. Source

4. View alarm history.

Click the Alarm History icon.

Alarms in black colour are active. Alarms in grey colour have been cleared.

The Details window shows the time when the alarm was started and whenit was cleared.

5. Inspect the alarm details.

To inspect an alarm in more detail, select the alarm in the alarms list. Thedetails are shown on the right side of the view.

The alarms are also colour-coded and their severity shown symbolically asdescribed in the table below.

Table 2. Classification of alarms

Severity Class Symbol Colour

Critical (***) A.

Red

Major (**) B.

Orange

Minor (*) C.

Yellow

Warning (W) W.

Blue

The classification of the station alarms of the DC-PIU is described in thetable below. When there are no incoming station alarms, the DC-PIU LEDis not lit.



Table 3. Classification of station alarms

Severity Class Colour

Critical, major A Red

Minor B Yellow

Reminder (disabled A or B alarm) D Green

6. Save a list of the alarms.

Click File → Save As→ Alarms.

If you want to save the data displayed in the Alarm History window, clickthe Save button in the window.

7. View alarm source.

Highlight the alarm whose source you want to view. Click Show Source tosee the source of the alarm.



Monitoring BTS transmission

4 Measuring BTS transmission

4.1 Monitoring the performance of BTS and physicalinterfaces

Purpose

This procedure instructs how to monitor the performance of the BTS and E1, JT1,T1 interfaces with Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager.

Steps

1. Refresh the settings.

Click the Refresh button.

2. Open the Performance Monitoring (PM) window and click View →TRS Performance Monitoring...

3. Click Details.



Measuring BTS transmission

Figure 15. Performance monitoring

You can inspect the following counters:

. unavailable seconds (UAS)

. errored seconds (ES)

. severely errored seconds (SES)

. background block error (BBE)

. number of received CBR cells (RxCBRTotCells)

. number of transmitted CBR cells (TxCBRTotCells)

. number of received UBR cells (RxUBRTotCells)

. number of transmitted UBR cells (TxUBRTotCells)

. discarded cells due to protocol error (DiscCellsProt)

. number of received cells (RxTotCells)

. number of transmitted cells (TxTotCells)

. discarded cells due to header error correction (HEC) violation(DiscCellsHec)



Figure 16. Performance monitoring

4. Inspect the performance of physical interfaces.

Select the Interface pane.

Figure 17. Monitor interface performance




Select the interface whose performance you want to monitor. For E1, JT1and T1 you can inspect the physical section.

The Time column shows the time when the collection of the data ended.The data is collected at predefined times and the clock used is the internalclock. Note that the first two periods when the measurement starts can beeither longer of shorter than 15 minutes. However, their sum is alwayscorrect (30 minutes).

You can view the presentation in graphical or tabular form by clicking theappropriate buttons.

You can inspect the following counters:

. Unavailable seconds (UAS)

. Errored seconds (ES)

. Severely Errored seconds (SES)

. Background Block Errors (BBE)

5. Save the performance data report.

If you want to save a report of the performance data, select the Reportspane. Select the appropriate check boxes in the Select Counters tree viewand click Preview Report. Click Save to save the report.

4.2 Monitoring IMA performance

Purpose

This procedure instructs how to monitor the performance of IMA groups andIMA links with Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager.

Steps

1. Open the Performance Monitoring (PM) window.

Click View → TRS Performance Monitoring...


Click View → Refresh → All.

3. Inspect the IMA performance.



Select the Counters pane and click the IMA Group on the left side of theview.

Figure 18. Monitoring IMA performance

The Time column shows the time when the collection of the data ended.The data is collected at predefined times and the clock used is the internalclock. Note that the first two periods when the measurement starts can beeither longer or shorter than 15 minutes. However, their sum is alwayscorrect (30 minutes).

You can inspect the following performance counter for IMA groups:

. unavailable seconds for network element (GR-UAS-IMA)

You can inspect the following performance counters for IMA links:






. discarded cells due to protocol error (DiscCellsProt)



. discarded cells due to header error correction (HEC) violation(DiscCellsHec)




. IMA control protocol (ICP) cell violations (IV-IMA)

. severely errored seconds (SES) for network element (SES-IMA)

. unavailable seconds (UAS) for network element (UAS-IMA)

. transmit unusable seconds for network element (Tx-UUS-IMA)

. receive unusable seconds for network element (Rx-UUS-IMA)

. network element transmit link failures (Tx-FC)

. network element receive link failures (Rx-FC)

. out of IMA frame anomalies (OIF) during non-SES IMA conditions(OIF-IMA)

. network element transmit cell stuffing events during non-SES IMAconditions (Tx-Stuff-IMA)

. network element receive cell stuffing events during non-SES IMAconditions (Rx-Stuff-IMA)

. severely errored seconds for far-end (SES-IMA-FE)

. unavailable seconds for far-end (UAS-IMA-FE)

. transmit unusable seconds for far-end (Tx-UUS-IMA-FE)

. receive unusable seconds for far-end (Rx-UUS-IMA-FE)

. far-end transmit link failures (Tx-FC-FE)

. far-end receive link failures (Rx-FC-FE)


If you want to save a report of the performance data, select the Reportspane. Select the appropriate check boxes in the Select Counters tree viewand click Preview Report. Click Save to save the report.

4.3 Monitoring ATM performance

Purpose

This procedure instructs how to monitor the ATM performance of the JT1, T1 andE1 interfaces with Nokia WCDMA BTS Site Manager.

Steps

1. Open the Performance Monitoring (PM) window.

Click Configuration → TRS Performance Monitoring...


Click View → Refresh → All.



3. Inspect ATM performance.

Select the Counters pane and click the ATM Group on the left side of theview.

Figure 19. Monitoring ATM performance

Select the unit, ATM interface, Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual Channel (VC)you want to inspect.

The Time column shows the time when the collection of the data ended.The data is collected at predefined times and the clock used is the internalclock. Note that the first two periods when the measurement starts can beeither longer or shorter than 15 minutes However, their sum is alwayscorrect (30 minutes).

You can inspect the following counters for the ATM interface:






. discarded cells due to Header Error Control (HEC) violation(DisHec)

. discarded cells due to protocol errors (DiscCells)






You can inspect the following counters for VP and VC:




If you want to save a report of the performance data, select the Reportspane. Select the items by clicking the appropriate check boxes in the SelectCounters tree view and click Preview Report. Click Save to save thereport.



maintaining bts transmission

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