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1.INTRODUCTION Every living organisms survive on land. degrading the quality of land affects the whole ecosystem to a drastic level.

1.1 BACKGROUND Pollution is an undesirable change in physical and biotic element of the environment which affects adversely the plants and animals life. land pollution deals with the pollution of ground medium and its effects on land ecosystem. It degrades the natural quality of land and makes it unfit for any use. The process of modernization characterized by the rapid industrialization and urbanization in both developed and developing countries including Nepal have led to the growth of environment pollution. As a result, the issue of sustainable industrial development is getting prominence in global scale. In addition, increased pollution from urban and industrial effluents released in upstream states would make even this reduced flow available less fit for human use. Pollution of land is one of the most serious public health issue in Nepal. polluted land decreases the fertility of land and furthermore the foul smell from it also causes serious health problems. People throw waste garbage haphazardly in the open grounds.the non-bio-degredable waste do not decompose and they decrease the quality of land. different harmful bacterial also find suitable conditions to miultiply under such pollution.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The main objective of this report is to present the condition of land pollution, its cause and effects in urban areas of Nepal. 1.3 METHODOLOGY The data collected in this report are of following types:

a) Primary: These data were collected from the government, non-government agencies, etc

b) Secondary: These data were collected from internet.

1.4 SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE Land pollution is being a burning issue in the present world, the report will provide the condition of land pollution and make a small effort to provide the data on land pollution. It can also be used as reference material for the further study and launch a better project to reduce the land pollution in Nepal.

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2.DESCRIPTION 2.1 CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION The main cause of land pollution is the inhumane behaviour of the human beings . unsustainable development programs cause the pollution to be unmanaged.if the industrial and civilian wastes are not managed before being urbanized it will be thrown randomly in the land. The undecaying substances like plastics degrade the fertility of the land. Further using excessive amount of chemical fertilizers also degrade the quality of land.

Source:Ministry of environment and population 2004 2.2 EFFECT OF LAND POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS

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The effects of land pollution are as follows:

1) Industrial wastes that are highly acidic are released into open lands which degrades the fertility of land even making it poisonous.

2) Acids, alkaline, lead, copper, cyanides are the poisonous substances which are released from various sources. These reduce oxygen-transporting capacity of blood in human.

3) These are the poisonous chemicals which are used by farmers in their fields to kill agricultural pests. These are washed from the fields into the river and are taken up by many organisms through food chain.

4) A large volume of waste products from the households result in polluted land. The non bio-degradable wastes decreases land quality S.N Name of Pestisides 1 Chlordane 2 DDT 3 Dieldrin 4 Endrin 5 Aldrin 6 Heptachlor

Source :Ministry of Agriculture and irrigation

Questionnaire: During the study questionnaire was prepared to collect data. Some of the answers collected from the people residing in Kathmandu area were as follows:

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1. What do you think is the main cause of land pollution in this city? The main cause of land pollution in Kathmandu city is that the household wastages are thrown in open lands.

3.CONCLUSION Land pollution has become the major problem in the urban areas. The increase in the pollutants has degraded the land quality. It is causing negative effect on the travelling tourists. Now the time has come to be aware and clean the land sources in our surrounding and make land source healthy for future generations.

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4. RECOMMENDATIONS The following measures can be adopted to control water pollution:

Proper disposal of the household usage. Dumping site should be well defined by the government. Public awareness should be generated among the locals. Wastage of industries should be filtered and recycled as far as practicable.

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5. BIBLIOGRAPHY Community led Environment Action Network (CLEAN-Nepal) Department of soil, Nepal : Source, Causes, Solution, Effects etc land pollution and health, Kathmandu University Medical Journal

6. GLOSSARY

1. Commence: begin 2. Pollutants: impurity 3. Undesirable: unwanted 4. Hapazardly:characterized by lack of order or planning, by irregularity, or

byrandomness; determined by or dependent on chance; aimless.