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A TOOL FOR USING MS ACCESS AS A MULTIMEDIA DATABASE

1.1EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system of traditional image storageconsists of file organizations and manual search and

retrieval.

NECESSITY OF IMAGE COMPRESSION

The figures in table show how the qualitative transition

from simple text to full-motion video data and the disk space,

A Tool for Using MS Access as a Multimedia Database 1

Multime

dia data Size/Duration

Bits/pixels

Or

Bits/sample

Uncompres

sed

Size

(B for

bytes)

Transmissi

on

Bandwidth

( for bits)

Transmiss

ion

Time(usin

g a 28.8K

modem)A page

of text

11*8.5 Varying

resolution

4-8KB 32-64

Kb/page

1.1-2.2sec

Telephone

Quality

Speech

10sec 8bps 80KB 64kb/sec 22.2sec

Grayscal

e

Image

512*512 8bpp 262KB 2.1Mb/ima

ge

1min13se

c

Color

Image

512*512 24bpp 786KB 6.29Mb/im

age

3min39se

c

Medical

Image

2048*1680 12bpp 5.16MB 41.3Mb/im

age

23min54s

ec

SHD

Image

2048*2048 24bpp 12.58MB 100Mb/ima

ge

58min15s

ecFull-

motion

Video

640*480,1min

(30

frames/sec)

24bpp 1.66GB 221Mb/sec 5days8hrs


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transmission bandwidth, and transmission time needed to store

and transmit such uncompressed data.

Table Multimedia data types and uncompressed storage

space, transmission bandwidth, and transmission time required

.The prefix kilo-denotes a factor of 1000 rather than 1024.

The examples clearly illustrate the need for sufficient

storage space, large transmission bandwidth, and long

transmission time for image, audio, and video data. At the

present state of technology, the only solution is to compress

multimedia data before its storage and transmission, and

decompress it at the receiver for play back. For example, with a

compression ratio of 32:1, the space bandwidth, and transmission

time requirements can be reduced by a factor of 32, with

acceptable quality.

1.3 Proposed System

The proposed system is developed in such a way

that it integrates the features of DBMS and image compression.

The system can store and manage multimedia files over the

Microsoft database .it also has a compression utility for image

compression .the following are the advantage of the proposed

system. Effective compression of the images

Easy management of multimedia files

User friendly database interface



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Multimedia file preview system which is helpful for easy

previewing

2. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:

Processor : PENTIUM IV

Speed : 2 GHz

RAM : 768 MB

Hard Disk Drive : 80 GB

CD Drive : 52 x MAX SAMSUNG

Monitor : 17color (SAMSUNG)

Mouse : LOGITEC Optical Mouse

Keyboard : MULTIMEDIA (127 Keys)



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2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION:

FRONT END : Visual Basic .NET

BACK END : M.S.ACCESS

CODE BEHIND : TURBO C

Operating System : WINDOWS XP, OR ABOVE

2.3 FEATURES OF THE SOFTWARE USED

About Visual Basic .NET

Visual Basic .NET provides the easiest, most productive

language and tool for rapidly building Windows and Web

applications. Visual Basic .NET comes with enhanced visual

designers, increased application performance, and a powerful

integrated development environment (IDE). It also supports

creation of applications for wireless, Internet-enabled hand-held

devices. The following are the features of Visual Basic .NET

with .NET Framework 1.0 and Visual Basic .NET 2003 with .NET



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Framework 1.1. This also answers why should I use Visual

Basic .NET, what can I do with it?

Powerful Windows-based Applications

Visual Basic .NET comes with features such as a powerful

new forms designer, an in-place menu editor, and automatic

control anchoring and docking. Visual Basic .NET delivers new

productivity features for building more robust applications easily

and quickly. With an improved integrated development

environment (IDE) and a significantly reduced startup time, Visual

Basic .NET offers fast, automatic formatting of code as you type,

improved IntelliSense, an enhanced object browser and XML

designer, and much more.

Building Web-based Applications

With Visual Basic .NET we can create Web applications

using the shared Web Forms Designer and the familiar "drag and

drop" feature. You can double-click and write code to respond to

events. Visual Basic .NET 2003 comes with an enhanced HTML

Editor for working with complex Web pages.

Simplified Deployment

With Visual Basic .NET we can build applications more

rapidly and deploy and maintain them with efficiency. Visual

Basic .NET 2003 and .NET Framework 1.1 makes "DLL Hell" a

thing of the past. Side-by-side versioning enables multiple



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versions of the same component to live safely on the same

machine so that applications can use a specific version of a

component. XCOPY-deployment and Web auto-download of

Windows-based applications combine the simplicity of Web pagedeployment and maintenance with the power of rich, responsive

Windows-based applications.

Powerful, Flexible, Simplified Data Access

You can tackle any data access scenario easily with

ADO.NET and ADO data access. The flexibility of ADO.NET

enables data binding to any database, as well as classes,

collections, and arrays, and provides true XML representation of

data. Seamless access to ADO enables simple data access for

connected data binding scenarios. Using ADO.NET, Visual Basic

.NET can gain high-speed access to MS SQL Server, Oracle, DB2,

Microsoft Access, and more.

Improved Coding

You can code faster and more effectively. A multitude of

enhancements to the code editor, including enhanced

IntelliSense, smart listing of code for greater readability and a

background compiler for real-time notification of syntax errors

transforms into a rapid application development (RAD) coding

machine.



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Direct Access to the Platform

Visual Basic developers can have full access to the

capabilities available in .NET Framework 1.1. Developers can

easily program system services including the event log,

performance counters and file system.

The new Windows Service project template enables to build

real Microsoft Windows NT Services. Programming against

Windows Services and creating new Windows Services is notavailable in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it requires Visual Studio

2003 Professional, or higher.

Full Object-Oriented Constructs

You can create reusable, enterprise-class code using full

object-oriented constructs. Language features include full

implementation inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

Structured exception handling provides a global error handler

and eliminates spaghetti code.

XML Web Services

XML Web services enable you to call components running

on any platform using open Internet protocols. Working with XML

Web services is easier where enhancements simplify the

discovery and consumption of XML Web services that are located

within any firewall. XML Web services can be built as easily as

you would build any class in Visual Basic 6.0. The XML Web



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service project template builds all underlying Web service

infrastructure.

Mobile Applications

Visual Basic .NET 2003 and the .NET Framework 1.1 offer

integrated support for developing mobile Web applications formore than 200 Internet-enabled mobile devices. These new

features give developers a single, mobile Web interface and

programming model to support a broad range of Web devices,

including WML 1.1 for WAPenabled cellular phones, compact

HTML (cHTML) for i-Mode phones, and HTML for Pocket PC,

handheld devices, and pagers. Please note, Pocket PC

programming is not available in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it

requires Visual Studio 2003 Professional, or higher.

COM Interoperability

You can maintain your existing code without the need to

recode. COM interoperability enables you to leverage your

existing code assets and offers seamless bi-directionalcommunication between Visual Basic 6.0 and Visual Basic .NET

applications.

Reuse Existing Investments



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You can reuse all your existing ActiveX Controls. Windows

Forms in Visual Basic .NET 2003 provide a robust container for

existing ActiveX controls. In addition, full support for existing ADO

code and data binding enable a smooth transition to VisualBasic .NET 2003.

Upgrade Wizard

You upgrade your code to receive all of the benefits of

Visual Basic .NET 2003. The Visual Basic .NET Upgrade Wizard,

available in Visual Basic .NET 2003 Standard Edition, and higher,

upgrades up to 95 percent of existing Visual Basic code and

forms to VB .NET with new support for Web classes and User

Controls.

The language of C

C has now become a widely used professional language for

various reasons

It has high-level constructs

It can handle low-level activities

It produces efficient programs.

It can be compiled on a variety of computers.

The various characteristic of C are

Small size

Extensive use of function callsA Tool for Using MS Access as a Multimedia Database 9


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Loose typing unlike PASCAL

Structured language

Low level (Bitwise) programming readily available

Pointer implementation-extensive use of pointers for

memory, array, structures and functions.

Complier-based

In the first place, it is a complier based language. This on

one hand means that all grammatical errors must be out of the

program before it will do anything .it also means that it does

exactly the same outside the developing environment as it does

inside once you have got it running.

Easy use of C code with code of other languages

In C it is very easy to combine C code with that from other

languages, especially from Pascal or Assembler .In some

advanced versions of C it is even allowed to write Assembler code

right in the middle of your C program!.

The Advantages of C

The good news about C is that we can write code which

runs quickly, and our program is very close to the hardware .It

means that we can access low level facilities in our computer



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quite easily ,without the complier or run time system stopping

you from doing something potentially dangerous .

The use of complier directives to the pre-processor makes itpossible to produce a single version of a program which can be

complied on several different types of computer. In this sense C

is said to be very portable. The function libraries are standard for

all versions of C so they can be used on all systems.

Programming in C or Assembler

C is a high-level language which is complied rather than

assembled .The processor of compilation is very complex, but the

basic operation resembles that of assembly, with one exception-

each line of the program can produce one or more machine code

instructions (compared to the usual one-to-one correspondence

between assembler and machine code).

Most programs are written in a high level

language such as C, rather than assembler .However, for some

specific tasks, assembler me be a more appropriate language.

Programs can be clearer, better structured.

It is easy to use pre-written functions, which may be quite

complicated. The C complier, if written carefully, can automatically take

care of some problems, such as allocation of memory

addresses.



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Programming in C is a tremendous asset in those

areas where we may want to use Assembly language but would

rather keep it a simple to write and easy to maintain

program. It has been said that a program written in C will pay apremium of a 20 to 50% increase in runtime because no high

level language is as compact or as fast as Assembly Language.

However, the time saved in coding can be tremendous, making it

the most desirable language for many programming chores. In

addition ,since most programs spend 90 percent of their

operating time in only 10 percent or less of the code, it is possible

to write a program in C , then rewrite a small portion of the code

in Assembly language and approach the execution speed of the

same program if it were written entirely in Assembly Language.

C is standardized.

C is ubiquitous.

C is a low-level language.

C is a small language.

C is a permissive language

Strengths of C

Efficiency

Portability

Power

Flexibility

Standard library

Integration with UNIX

3. ABOUT THE PROJECT



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There are many multimedia files such as audios and videos

we use in our day-to-day life .some of these are music files,

personal videos and family photographs. It is very painful tomaintain and manage huge collections of these multimedia files

since there are not ordered. When we want a multimedia we

usually search the particular file in a collection of files which are

not integrated.

To solve this problem we should employee a database to

store, manage and retrieve these multimedia files. This will help

us to manage the multimedia files easily and all the files will be

integrated single Microsoft database files. I have implemented

this software for audio, video and image files. And I have

implemented DCT algorithm for image compression.

Digital Image compression is one of the major areas of

research in image processing. Digital compression is vital for

several reasons. It provides the quality and reliability of digital

technology, it packs more information into less transmission

space, and it reduces the storage needed on disc or tape.

For instance, to represent one frame of a video in the 0s

and 1s of computer language, it takes over a megabyte of

memory. Since there are 30 frames in the standard second of

video, you would need 33MB of memory transfer or storage for

one second of video. Compression methods can reduce this data



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at nearly a 200:1 ratio-creating a much more manageable and

cost-effective data stream.

All digital images are collections of binary data (bits) thatare organized into pixels .All digital images should be regarded as

groups of pixels .pixels are the standard unit of measure that

dictates the images size; not only the actual size that the image

can be optimally reproduced (i.e. 4*6 inches), but also the size

that thedigital file will be (I.e.6 megabytes). The number of pixels

per inch (PPT) is the resolution of the image file. Note that pixels

per inch are not to be confused with dots per inch (DPI). DPI is a

term that refers to printing and the amount of ink that actually is

placed upon the print medium. DPI and PPI are completely

unrelated to each other. However, as it has become common

practice for scanner manufacturers and other so-called

authorities to use DPI as a measure of resolution, either term is

generally acceptable.

The above review of image file basics refers to raw or

uncompressed image files. Obviously, image files tend to be quite

large in terms of the amount of disk space required to store

them. A standard floppy disk has a capacity of about

1,400,000bytes (1.4MB), so even a single 4*6 image scanned at

300 ppi would requires 5 floppies to store it. With the advent of

larger removable media such as zip disks and other similar

storage options, this situation is becoming less a concern, but the

sheer size of digital image files still demands a more efficient

method of storage. File compression is quickly becoming standard



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procedure to facilitate not only compact storage but the

movement of image files. Moving files is commonly done either

by placing the file on a removable disk (floppy, ZIP disk, CD, etc)

and physically transporting it, or by using what has become aglobally used tool: Electronic Transfers.

The basic idea of image compression techniques is to use

an inevitable linear transformation to transform the given

correlated image array to an array of uncorrelated variables that

can be represented by much fewer number of bits compared to

the original image array.

AN INTRODUCTION TO JPEG

JPEG (Pronounced jay-peg) is a standardized imagecompression mechanism .JPEG stands for Joint Photographic

Experts Group, the original name of the committee that wrote the

standard.

JPEG is designed for compressing full-color or gray-

scale images of natural, real-world scenes. It works well on

photographs, naturalistic artwork, and similar material; not so

well on lettering, simple cartoons, or line drawings. JPEG handles

only still images, but there is a related standard called MPEG for

motion pictures.

JPEG is lossy meaning that the decompressed image

isnt quite the same as the one you started with. (There areA Tool for Using MS Access as a Multimedia Database 15


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lossless image compression algorithms, but JPEG achieves much

greater compression than is possible with loss loss methods.)JPEG

is designed to exploit known limitations of human eye, notably

the fact that smaller color changes are perceived less accuratelythan small changes in brightness. Thus, JPEG is intended for

compressing images that will be looked at by humans. If you plan

to machine-analyze your images; the small errors introduced by

JPEG may be a problem for you, even if they are invisible to the

eye.

A useful property of JPEG is that the degree of

lossiness can be varied by adjusting compression parameters

.This means that the image makers can tradeoff file size against

output image quality. You can make extremely small files if you

dont mind poor quality; this is useful for applications such as

indexing image archives. Conversely, if you arent happy with the

output quality at the default compression setting, you can jack up

the quality until you are satisfied, and accept lesser compression.

Another important aspect of JPEG is that decoders can

trade off decoding speed against image quality, by using fast but

inaccurate approximations to the required calculations. Some

viewers obtain remarkable speedups in this way.(Encoders can

also trade accuracy for speed ,but theres usually less reason to

make such a sacrifice when writing a file)

An Overview of JPEG


Fq(u, v)F(u,v)f(i , j)

Zigzag

DCT Quantization

Coding Tables

DPCM

RLC

EntropyCoding

Data

Tables

Header DC

AC

QuantizTables


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The image is divided into 8*8 blocks .After this all

operations are performed block wise.

Each block is the input to the FDCT block.

The 64 DCT coefficients are then uniformly quantized in

conjunction with a 64-element quantization table (lossy

encoding).

All the quantized coefficients are ordered into a zigzag

sequence.

Finally Entropy coding is carried out.

MAJOR STEPS

The major steps involved in the image compression are



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o DCT (Discrete cosine transform)

o Quantization

o Zigzag Scan

o DPCM on DC component

o RLE on AC components

o Entropy Coding

The Discrete Cosine Transform

The major part of the compression process is a

mathematical transform known as the discrete cosine

Transform (DCT) .The DCT is in a class of mathematical

operations that include the well known Fast Fourier Transform

(FFT), as well as many others. The basic operation performed

by these transforms is to take a signal and transform it from

one type of representation to another.

This transformations is done frequently whenanalyzing audio sample using the FFT.when we collect a set of

sample points from an incoming audio signal, we end up with

the representation of a signal in the time domain. That is, we

have a collection of points that show what the voltage was for



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the input signal at each point in time. The FFT transforms the

set of sample points into a set of frequency values that

describes exactly the same signal.

Each of the sample points represents the relativevoltage or amplitude of the signal at the specific point in time.

In the time domain representation of the signal, each of the

points on the X-axis represents a different point in time, and

each of the points on the Y-axis represents a specific

magnitude of the signal. After processing the data points with

an FFT, the X-axis no longer has the same meaning. Now, each

point on the X-axis represents a specific frequency, and the Y-

axis represents the magnitude of that frequency.

From Spatial Domain to Frequency Domain:

F(u,v)

f(i ,j)

DCT

Another important point to make this type of

implementation function is that the function is reversible. In

principle, the same set of points can be processed through an



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inverse FFT function. The two transformation cycles are

essentially loss less, Except for loss of precision resulting from

rounding and truncation errors.

The DCT is closely related to the Fourier transform,and produces a similar result. it takes a set of points from the

spatial domain and transforms them into an identical

representation in the frequency domain; however, we are

going to introduce an additional complication in this particular

instance .Instead of a two-dimensional signal plotted on a x

and y-axis, the DCT will operate on a three dimensional signal

plotted on an X, Y and Z-axis.

If the signal is a graphical image, the X and Y-axes

are the two dimensions of the screen .The amplitude of the

signal in this case is simply the value of a pixel at a

particular point on the screen .For example, an eight-bit value

used to a represent a grey-scale value. So a graphical image

displayed on the screen can be thought of as a complex three-

dimensional signal, with the value on the z-axis denoted by the

color on the screen at a given point .this is the spatial

representation of the signal.

The DCT can be used to convert spatial information

into frequency or Spectral information, with the X and Y-

axes representing frequencies of the signal in two different

dimensions .And like the FFT, there is an Inverse DCT (IDCT)

function that can convert the spectral representation of the

signal back to a spatial one.

Definitions for DCT



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The actual formula for the two-dimensional DCT is

shown with its partner ,the IDCT .the DCT is performed on an

N*N square matrix of pixels values, and it yields an N*N square

matrix of frequency coefficients .The formula looks somewhat

intimidating at first glance ,but it can be done with a relatively

straightforward piece of code

DEFINITIONS

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT):

7

F (u, v) = (u) (v) cos (2i+1).u.Cos (2j+1).v .f (i, j)

4 i=0 j=0 16 16

() = {1/2 for =0

1 otherwiseInverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT):

7 7

F( i ,j) = 1 (u) (v) cos (2i+1).u .cos (2j+1).v.

F(u,v)

4 u=0 v=0

16 16

() ={ for =0

1 otherwise

DCT implementationA Tool for Using MS Access as a Multimedia Database 21


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DCT implementations typically break the image down

into smaller, more manageable blocks. The JPEG group selected

an 8*8 block for the size of their DCT calculation .while increasingthe size of DCT block would probably give better compression,

doesnt take long to reach the point of diminishing returns.

Research shows that the connections between the pixels tent to

diminish quickly such that the pixels even 15 or 20 positions

away are of very little use as predictors. The computation time

would be longer, if we select big size of blocks .the JPEG

committee elected to stick with 8*8.This type of compression is

referred to as block coding.

The 8* 8 block is represented as

140 144 147 114 140 155 179 175

144 152 140 147 140 148 167 179

152 155 136 167 163 162 152 172

168 145 156 160 152 155 136 160

162 148 156 146 140 136 147 162

147 167 140 155 155 140 136 162

136 156 123 167 162 144 140 147

148 155 136 155 152 147 147 148



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The coefficient form of the DCT can be calculated using

matrix operations. We first create an N*N matrix known as cosine

transforms C.

Once the cosine transform matrix has been built, wetranspose it by rotating it around the main diagonal.

The matrix is referred to in code as Ct, the transposed

cosine transform matrix. Building this matrix is done only once

during program initialization .both matrices can be built at the

same time with a relatively short loop

Once these two matrices have been built, we take

advantage of the alternative definition of the DCT function.

When multiplying two square matrices together, the

arithmetic cost of each element of the output matrix will be N

multiplication operations and N addition operations .Since we

perform two matrix multiplications to create the DCT matrix each

element in the transformed DCT matrix was created at the cost if

2N multiplications and additions, a considerable improvement

over the nested loop definition of the DCT.

OUPUT FOR DCT:



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Quantization

The JPEG compression process is six step procedures,

the first step being a DCT transformation.DCT is lossless

transformation that prepares for the lossy or quantization,

stage of the process.

The DCT output matrix takes more space to store than

the original matrix of pixels .The input to DCT function consists of

8 bit pixel values that come out can range from a low of-1024 to

a high of +1023 occupying 11 bits.

The drastic action used to reduce the number of bits

required for storage of the DCT matrix is referred to as

quantization. This is simply the process of reducing the number

of bits needed to store an integer value by reducing the precision

of the integer. Once a DCT image has been compressed, we can

reduce the precision of the co-efficient more and more as we

move away from the DC coefficient at the origin. The farther


185 -17 14 -8 23 -9 -13 -18

20 -34 26 -9 -10 10 13 6

-10 -23 -1 6 -18 3 -20 0

-8 -5 14 -14 -8 -2 -3 8

-3 9 7 1 -11 17 18 15

3 -2 -18 8 8 -5 0 -6

8 0 -2 3 -1 -7 -1 -1

0 -7 -2 1 1 4 -6 0


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away from (0,0) the less the element contributes to the graphical

image, so the less we care about maintaining rigorous precision

in its value.

The JPEG algorithm implements quantization using aquantization matrix. For every element position in the DCT

matrix, a corresponding value in the quantization matrix gives a

quantum value. The quantum value indicates what the step size

is going to be for that element in that element in the compressed

rendition of the picture, with values from 1 to 255.

The elements that matter most to the picture will be

encoded with a small step size, 1 offering the most precision.

Values can become higher as we move away from the origin. The

actual formula for quantization is quite simple.

Quantized value (i, j) = DCT (i, j)/quantum (i, j) rounded to the

nearest integer.

It becomes clear that quantization values above 25 or

perhaps 50 assure that virtually all higher. Frequency component

will be rounded down to 0 only if the high frequency coefficients

get up to unusually large values will they be encode as non-zero

values.

During decoding, the dequantization formula operates in reverse.

DCT (i, j) = quantized value (i, j) * quantum (i, j)



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Once again, from this we can see that when you

use large quantum values, you run the risk of generating large

errors in the DCT output during dequantization. Fortunately,

errors generated in the high frequency component duringdequantization normally dont have a serious effect on the

picture quality.

Quantization matrix

Clearly an enormous number of schemes could be used to

define values in the quantization matrix .At least two

experimental approaches can test different values.

One measures the mathematical error found between an

input and output image after it has been decompressed, trying to

determine an acceptable level of error. A second approach tries

to judge the effect of decompression on the human eye, which

may not always correspond exactly with mathematically

differences in the error levels. Since the quantization matrix can

obviously be defined a run time when compression takes place,

JPEG allows the use of any quantization matrix.

The quantization tables used in the test code supplied with

this program are created using a very simple algorithm. To

determine the value of the quantum step size, the user inputs a

single quality factor which should range from 1 to 25. Value

larger than 25 would work, but the picture quality has degraded.



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For enough at quality level 25 to make going any further an

exercise futility.

The quantumlevel sets the

difference

between adjoining

bands of the same

quantization level.

These bands are oriented on diagonal lines across the matrix, so

quantization levels of the same values are all roughly the same

distance from the origin. An example of what the quantization

matrix looks like with a quality factor of two as shown in figure.


3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31


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elected to handle zero values differently from other coefficient

values.

Instead of replying on Huffman or arithmetic coding tocompress the zero values, they are coded using a run length-

encoding (RLE) algorithm. A simple code is developed that gives

a count of consecutive zero values in the image. Since over half

of the coefficients are quantized to zero in many images, this

gives an opportunity for outstanding compression.

One way to increase the length or runs is to reorder the

coefficients in the zigzag sequence. Instead of compressing in

row major order, as a programmer would probably do, the JPEG

algorithm moves through the block along diagonal paths,

selecting what should be highest value elements first and

working its way toward the values likely to be lowest.

The actual path of zigzag sequence is shown in the figure.

In the code used in this chapter, the diagonal sequences of

quantization steps follow exactly the same lines, so the zigzag

sequence should be optimal for our purposes.



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Maps 8 * 8 to a 1 * 64 vector.

DPCM on DC Components

The Steps involved in this process are

The DC component value in each 8*8 block is large and

varies across blocks but is often close to that in the previous

block.

Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM): Encode the

difference between the current and previous 8 * 8 blockRemember ,smaller number -> fewer bits



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RLE on AC Components

The steps involved in this process

The 1*64 vectors have a lot of zeros in them, more so

towards the end of the vector.

Higher up entries in the vector capture higher frequency

(DCT) components which tend to be capturing less of the

content.

Could have been as a result of using a quantization table.

Encode a series of 0s as a (skip, value) pair, where skip is

the number of zeros and value is the next non-zero

component.

Send (0, 0) as end-of-block sentinel value.


0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2


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F (0, 0) is called the DC component and the rest of F ( i , j ) are

called AC components.

Entropy coding

A run is defined as a sequence of identical

characters .the run-length encoding technique takes advantage

of the presence of runs and represents then in an abbreviated,

compressed form. This technique is only efficient when at least

two-character runs are transmitted, because for one-character

runs, the code is twice as long as the character. This requires

using a marker indicating that what is being transmitted is either

run in an abbreviated form or a literal character. Three characters

are needed to represent a run a compression marker, a literal

marker and a counter. The problem of choosing the compression

marker is especially delicate, since it should not be confused with

a literal character being transmitted.

Since compressing runs results in a sequence of three

characters, this technique should be applied to runs of at least

four characters. The maximum length of a run that can be

represented by the triple is 255 for 8-bit ASCII.

The run length coding is only modestly efficient text file in

which only the blank character has a tendency to be repeated. In

this case, a predecessor of this technique can be applied, null



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suppression, which compress only runs of blanks, which

eliminates the need to identify the character being compressed.

Run-length encoding is very useful when applied to files,which are almost, guaranteed to have many runs of at least four

characters. One example is relational databases. Run-length

encoding is used in the compression of facsimile images, which

are composed of combinations of black and white pixels.

A serious drawback of run-length encoding is that it relies

entirely on the occurrences of runs. In particular, this method

taken by it is unable to recognize the high frequency of the

occurrence of certain symbols, which call for short codes.

4. ALGORITHM

Here the standard JPEG image compression algorithm was

implemented. This was done using the following.

The image is divided into 8*8 blocks. After this all

operations are performed block wise.

Each block is the input to the FDCT block.

The 64 DCT coefficients are then uniformly quantized in

conjunction with a 64-element quantization table (lossy

encoding)



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All the quantized coefficients are ordered into a zigzag

sequence.

Finally Entropy coding is carried out.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 FLOW CHART


START

INITILIZATION

READ PIXEL STRIP

FORWARD DCT

WRITE DCT DATA

OUTPUT CODE

COMPRESSED

IMMAGE

READ DCT DATA

INVERSE DCT

WRITE PIXEL STRIP

DECOMPRESSEDGE

STOP


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5.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

COMPRESSION IMAGES


Compression

Bitmap

images JPEG


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DECOMPRESSION IMAGES

INSERTIMAGES

EXTRACT IMAGESA Tool for Using MS Access as a Multimedia Database 36

Decompression

Bitmap

imagesJPEG

Byte

Array

Image Name

DatabaseUser

ByteArray

Converter

Compressio

n

Bitmap

ImagesJPEGImages


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Insert Audio

Extract Audio


User

Byte Array

ConverterAudio

Database

Byte Array

ConverterSearch by

name

Decompression

Database

Byte Array

User

Bitmap images

Search byName

Byte Array

Converter

Database

Audio

User

Audio

Audio


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Insert Video


Byte Array

Converter

Video

Database

User


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Extract Video

5.3 Input Design

Input design is a gateway between users and the database.

They use these input screens is to perform operations and view

their results. The designs of input focusing on controlling the

amount of input required controlling the errors, avoid delay extra

steps, and keeping the process simple. This system is designed in

such a way that it is most user-friendly to all range of its users.

Output screens play and important role in representing data

and multimedia files back to the users of the system. At most

care is taken to make it simple and easily understandable by the


Video

Search byName Byte Array

Converter

Database

VideoUser

Video


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Although each test has a different purpose, all of them work

to verify that all system elements have been properly integrated

and perform allocated functions.

If testing is conducted successfully, it will uncover errors in

the software. As a secondary benefit, testing demonstrates that

the software appears to be working according to the specification

and that the performance requirements appear to have been

met.

In addition, data collected as testing is conducted, provides

a good indication of software reliability and some indication of

the software quality as a whole. However, testing cannot show

the absence of defects, it can only show that software errors are

present.

All the tests should be traceable to customer

requirements .A good test has high probability of finding an error.

To achieve this goal, the tester must understand the software

and attempt to develop a mental picture of how the software

might fail.

TESTING OBJECTIVES



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Testing is the process of executing a program with the

intention of finding an error. A good test case is the one that has

a high probability of finding an as-yet undiscovered error

successful test is that which uncovers an as-yet undiscoverederrors

A successful test is that in which no errors are fond. The

objective is to design tests that systematically uncover different

classes of errors and do so with a minimum amount of time and

effort.

SYSTEM TESTING

For every software project, there is an inherent conflict of

interest that occurs as testing begins. The people who have build

the software, are now asked to test the software. This seems

harmless in itself, after all, who knows the program better than

its developers?

Unfortunately, these same developers have a vested

interest in demonstrating that the program is error free, that it

will be completed on schedule and within budget. From

psychological point of view, software analysis and testing (along

with coding) is constructive works. The software engineer creates

a computer program, its documentation and data structures.

When testing commences, there is subtle, yet definite

attempt, to break the thing that the software engineer built. From



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the point of view of the builder, testing can be destructive. The

primary objective of the test design is to derive a set of tests that

has the highest likelihood for uncovering defects in the software.

To accomplish this objective, two categories of test casedesigning techniques were used White Box Testing and

Black box Testing.

White Box Testing focuses on the program control

structure. Test cases are derived to ensure that all statements in

the program have executed at least once during testing and that

all logical conditions have been exercised. White box testing is

testing in the small implying that this test typically applied to

small program components.

Black Box Testing on the other hand broadens our focus

and might be called testing in the large. Black box tests are

designed to validate functional requirements without regard to

the internal working of a program. Black Box testing focuses on

the information domain of the software, deriving test coverage.

The requirement for high quality software demands more

systematic approach to testing.

The specification states what the program should do and

how it should perform under various conditions are tested. The

test cases are developed for each condition or combination of

conditions and submitted for processing.



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The various unit-tested modules were integrated. Rigorous

integration testing is conducted to make the application free of

any interface errors that may occur during transactions.

ALPHA TESTING

The developer in collaboration does alpha testing with the

end user. The developer guides the end user all the way while

observing reactions and feedback Beta testing, on the other

hand, releases the product to the end user.

He is at liberty to produce as the requirements dictate. The

user records all the problems (real and imaginary) that are

encountered during beta testing and reports these to the

developer at regular intervals. As a result of this the software

developer makes modifications and then prepares for release of

the software product to entire customer base.

IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the process of having the systems

personal check out and put new equipment into use, training the

users to install and try the new system and construct any file that

are needed to use it. It is the final and important phase in the

system life cycle.

Depending on the size of the organization that is involved in

using the application and the risk associated with its use, system



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developers may choose to carry out the operation in only one

area of the firm, say, in one department or with only one or two

persons. The term implementation has different meanings,

ranging from the conversion of a basic application to completereplacement of computer system. The procedure is however,

virtually the same. Implementation includes all the activities that

take place to convert from old system to new.

The new system may be totally new replacing an existing

manual or automated system or it may be major modification to

an existing system.

The method of implementation and time scale to be

adopted is found out initially. The system is tested properly and

at the same time the users are trained in the new procedure.

Proper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to

meet organization requirements. Successful implementation may

not guarantee improvement in the organization using new

system, but it will prevent improper installation. The

implementation involves the following things.

Proper planning

Investigation of the system and constraints.

Design the methods to achieve the change over. Training the staff in the changed phase.

Evaluation of the change over method.

MAINTENANCE



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The maintenance phase focuses on change that is

associated with error correction, adaptations required as the

software environment evolves and changes due to enhancements

brought about by changing customer requirements themaintenance phase reapplies the steps of the definition and

development phase, but does so I the context of existing

software. Four types of changes are encountered during the

maintenance phase.

Correction: Even with the best quality assurance activities, it is

likely that the customer will uncover defects in the software.

Correct maintenance changes the software to correct defects.

Adaptation: Over time, the original environment for which the

software was developed is likely to change. Adaptive

maintenance results in modification to the software to

accommodate to its external environment.

Enhancement: As software is used, the customer/user will

recognize additional functions that will provide benefits. Perfect

maintenance extends the software beyond the original functional

requirements.

Prevention: Computer software deteriorates due to change and

because of this, preventive maintenance, often called software

engineering must be conducted to enable the software to serve

the needs of its end users. In essence, the preventive



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INSERT IMAGE



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COMPRESSING IMAGE



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DECOMPRESSING IMAGE



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INSERT AUDIO



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INSERT VIDEO



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8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In my project I have implemented the coding to store

retrieve and image multimedia in M.S.Access. In my project

we have used DCT for image compression using C language. In

DCT compression we have used discrete cosine transform for



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compression. We varied the threshold value in order to vary the

compression ratios.

The audio compression algorithm mpeg layer 3(mp3) can

implemented along with this to compress the audio files before

storing it in the database and decompressing it when we retrieve

it.

9. BIBLOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE

[1] DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING



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Rafel .C.Gonzalez & Richard .E.Woods (Addition Wesley Publishing company , 1993)

[2] IMAGE PROCESSING IN C

Dwayne Phillips (BPB Publications, 1995)

[3] Let us C

Yashavant Kanetkar

[4] VISUAL BASIC DOT NETShirish Chavan

[5] WEBREFERENCES

http://www.oxygensoftware.com

http://www.smsactivex.com

http://www.codeguru.com

Source Code

MDI FORM



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Imports System.Windows.Forms

PublicClass MDI

PrivateSub ShowNewForm(ByVal sender AsObject, ByVal e AsEventArgs) Handles NewToolStripMenuItem.Click

Dim find AsNew frm_findfind.MdiParent = Mefind.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub SaveToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesSaveToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim insert AsNew Form1

insert.MdiParent = Meinsert.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub MDI_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal eAs System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load EndSub

PrivateSub OpenToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesOpenToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim convert AsNew frm_convert

convert.MdiParent = Meconvert.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub DeleteImageToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesDeleteImageToolStripMenuItem.Click



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Dim delete AsNew frm_deldelete.MdiParent = Medelete.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub SaveAsToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesSaveAsToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim extract AsNew frm_extract

extract.MdiParent = Meextract.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub InsertAudioToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender

As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesInsertAudioToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim inserta AsNew frm_insa

inserta.MdiParent = Meinserta.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub ExtractAudioToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles

ExtractAudioToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim extracta AsNew frm_extracta

extracta.MdiParent = Meextracta.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub DeleteAudioToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesDeleteAudioToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim deletea AsNew frm_dela

deletea.MdiParent = Medeletea.Show()

EndSub



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PrivateSub InsertVideoToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesInsertVideoToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim insertv AsNew frm_insv

insertv.MdiParent = Me

insertv.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub ExtractVideoToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesExtractVideoToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim extractv AsNew frm_extractv

extractv.MdiParent = Meextractv.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub DeleteVideoToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesDeleteVideoToolStripMenuItem.Click Dim deletev AsNew frm_delv

deletev.MdiParent = Medeletev.Show()

EndSub

PrivateSub ExitToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesExitToolStripMenuItem.Click Me.Close()

EndSubEndClass



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FIND FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IO

PublicClass frm_find Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form Dim conn AsNewSystem.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;") PrivateSub frm_find_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub PrivateSub DrawToScale(ByVal img As Image)

PictureBox1.Image = New Bitmap(img) EndSub PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = TextBox1.Text

Dim sql AsString = "SELECT Photo FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"conn.Open()

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,conn) Dim b() AsByte

b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() Ifb IsNothingThen

MsgBox("No Image Found")TextBox1.Text = ""

ElseIf(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True)

stream.Write(b, 0, b.Length)DrawToScale(New Bitmap(stream))stream.Close()

EndIfconn.Close()



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fix: ExitSub EndSubEndClass

COMPRESS FORM

Imports System.IOImports System.Data.OleDb

PublicClass frm_convert Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False")

PrivateSub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVale As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub

PrivateSub JPGToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesJPGToolStripMenuItem.Click OnErrorResumeNext With OpenFileDialog1

.CheckFileExists =True

.FileName = "*.JPG"

.AddExtension =True

.DefaultExt = "*.JPG"

.ShowDialog()PictureBox1.Image = New

System.Drawing.Bitmap(.FileName)PictureBox1.SizeMode =

PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage EndWith EndSub



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PrivateSub BMPToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesBMPToolStripMenuItem.Click OnErrorResumeNext Dim d AsNew

System.Drawing.Bitmap(Module1.compress(PictureBox1)) Dim tmp AsString = OpenFileDialog1.FileName() IfPictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.NormalThen My.Computer.Audio.Play("C:\Windows\Media\ringin.wav")

MsgBox("Open a picture!") ExitSub EndIf

SaveFileDialog1.ShowDialog()tmp = SaveFileDialog1.FileNamed.Save(tmp, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp)

Dim answer As MsgBoxResult Ifanswer = MsgBoxResult.YesThen

MsgBox("Image Saved") EndIf EndSub

PrivateSub ToujoursVisibleToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByValsender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) OnErrorResumeNext With OpenFileDialog1


.FileName = "*.ICO"

.AddExtension =True

.DefaultExt = "*.ICO"



PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage EndWith

EndSub

PrivateSub BMPToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal sender As

System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) OnErrorResumeNext Dim d AsNew System.Drawing.Bitmap(PictureBox1.Image)



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PrivateSub ICOToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesICOToolStripMenuItem.Click OnErrorResumeNext With OpenFileDialog1


.FileName = "*.BMP"

.AddExtension =True

.DefaultExt = "*.BMP"



PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage EndWith

EndSub

PrivateSub JPGToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal sender AsSystem.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesJPGToolStripMenuItem1.Click OnErrorResumeNext Dim d AsNewSystem.Drawing.Bitmap(Module1.compress(PictureBox1)) Dim tmp AsString = OpenFileDialog1.FileName() IfPictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.NormalThen

My.Computer.Audio.Play("C:\Windows\Media\ringin.wav")MsgBox("Open a picture!")

ExitSub EndIf

SaveFileDialog2.ShowDialog()tmp = SaveFileDialog2.FileNamed.Save(tmp, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg)

Dim answer As MsgBoxResult Ifanswer = MsgBoxResult.YesThen

MsgBox("Image Saved")

EndIf EndSub

PrivateSub ToujoursVisibleToolStripMenuItem1_Click(ByVal

sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesToujoursVisibleToolStripMenuItem1.Click



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Me.TopMost = Not (Me.TopMost) EndSub

PrivateSub SauverJPGToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

OnErrorResumeNext Dim d AsNew System.Drawing.Bitmap(PictureBox1.Image) Dim tmp AsString = OpenFileDialog1.FileName() IfPictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.NormalThen My.Computer.Audio.Play("C:\Windows\Media\ringin.wav")


tmp = Microsoft.VisualBasic.Replace(UCase(tmp), "ICO","JPG")

d.Save(tmp, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg) Dim answer As MsgBoxResult

answer = MsgBox("Save in JPG in the file of origin." &vbNewLine & "You finished?", MsgBoxStyle.YesNo) Ifanswer = MsgBoxResult.YesThen

MsgBox("See you soon") End EndIf EndSub

PrivateSub SauverBMPToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) OnErrorResumeNext Dim d AsNew System.Drawing.Bitmap(PictureBox1.Image) Dim tmp AsString = OpenFileDialog1.FileName() IfPictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.NormalThen My.Computer.Audio.Play("C:\Windows\Media\ringin.wav")


tmp = Microsoft.VisualBasic.Replace(UCase(tmp), "ICO","BMP")

d.Save(tmp, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp) Dim answer As MsgBoxResult

answer = MsgBox("Save in BMP in the file of origin." &vbNewLine & "You finished?", MsgBoxStyle.YesNo) Ifanswer = MsgBoxResult.YesThen



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MsgBox("See you soon") End EndIf EndSubEndClass

INSERT IMAGE FORM


PublicClass Form1 Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False")

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVale As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click OnErrorGoTo fix

OpenFileDialog1.ShowDialog()PictureBox1.Image =

Image.FromFile(OpenFileDialog1.FileName)

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click Dim fAsInteger = 0 OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fs As FileStream = NewFileStream(OpenFileDialog1.FileName, FileMode.Open,

FileAccess.Read) Dim s AsString = TextBox1.Text Dim r As BinaryReader = New BinaryReader(fs) Dim FileByteArray(fs.Length - 1) AsByte

r.Read(FileByteArray, 0, CInt(fs.Length)) Dim sql AsString = "INSERT INTO Images (Filename,Photo)VALUES (?,?)"



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Dim cmd AsNew System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(sql,conn)

cmd.Parameters.Add("@Filename",System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar).Value = TextBox1.Text

cmd.Parameters.Add("@Photo",

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.Binary).Value = FileByteArrayconn.Open()cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("Image Succesfully inserted !", "Image

Save and Read", MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information)

conn.Close()f = 1

fix: Iff = 0Then

MsgBox("Already the image name exists; Please enteranother name")

TextBox1.Text = "" EndIf ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub DrawToScale(ByVal img As Image)PictureBox1.Image = New Bitmap(img)

EndSub

PrivateSub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = InputBox("Enter File Name:") Dim sql AsString = "SELECT Photo FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"

conn.Open() Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,conn)

TextBox1.Text = fn Dim b() AsByte

b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True)

stream.Write(b, 0, b.Length)DrawToScale(New Bitmap(stream))



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stream.Close() EndIf

conn.Close()fix: ExitSub

EndSub

PrivateSub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click Me.Hide() EndSub

PrivateSub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click OnErrorGoTo fix

Dim fn AsString = InputBox("Enter name to delete") Dim sql AsString = "DELETE FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"


cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("Image Succesfully deleted !", "Image


conn.Close()fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVale As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSubEndClass

EXTRACT IMAGE FORM



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Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_extract Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub ComboBox1_GotFocus(ByVal sender AsObject,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.GotFocus

ComboBox1.Items.Clear() OnErrorGoTo fix Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM Images"

conn.Open() Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,

conn) Dim dr As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader While dr.Read

ComboBox1.Items.Add(dr.GetValue(0).ToString()) EndWhile

dr.Close()conn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString Dim sql AsString = "SELECT Photo FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"


Dim b() AsByteb = cmd.ExecuteScalar()

If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True)




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EndIfconn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub DrawToScale(ByVal img As Image)PictureBox1.Image = New Bitmap(img)

EndSub PrivateSub frm_extract_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

IfSaveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() Windows.Forms.DialogResult.CancelThen Dim d AsNewSystem.Drawing.Bitmap(PictureBox1.Image) Dim tmp AsString = SaveFileDialog1.FileName

d.Save(tmp, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp)MsgBox("file saved")

EndIf EndSubEndClass

DELETE IMAGE FORM


PublicClass frm_del Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click IfMsgBox(" Are you sure you want to delete the image ? ",MsgBoxStyle.YesNo) = MsgBoxResult.YesThen



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OnErrorGoTo mfix Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString Dim Sql AsString = "DELETE FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & Trim(fn) & "'"

conn.Open()

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(Sql,conn)

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("Image Succesfully deleted !", "Image


PictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile("c:\emp.bmp")ComboBox1.Text = ""conn.Close()

Else

PictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile("C:\emp.bmp") EndIfmfix: ExitSub EndSub PrivateSub DrawToScale(ByVal img As Image)

PictureBox1.Image = New Bitmap(img) EndSub PrivateSub frm_del_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load

Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub PrivateSub ComboBox1_GotFocus(ByVal sender AsObject,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.GotFocus

ComboBox1.Items.Clear() OnErrorGoTo fix Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM Images"


Dim dr As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader While dr.Read



fix:



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ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles

ComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString Dim sql AsString = "SELECT Photo FROM Images WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"

conn.Open() Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,conn) Dim b() AsByte

b = cmd.ExecuteScalar()

If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True)


EndIfconn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

EndClass

INSERT AUDIO FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_insa Dim conn AsNewSystem.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OL

EDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click OnErrorGoTo fix

OpenFileDialog1.ShowDialog()mp.openPlayer(OpenFileDialog1.FileName.ToString)



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fix: EndSub

PrivateSub frm_insa_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load

Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub

PrivateSub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click Dim fAsBoolean = False OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fs As FileStream = NewFileStream(OpenFileDialog1.FileName, FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read)

Dim s AsString = TextBox1.Text Dim r As BinaryReader = New BinaryReader(fs) Dim FileByteArray(fs.Length - 1) AsByte

r.Read(FileByteArray, 0, CInt(fs.Length)) Dim sql AsString = "INSERT INTO audio (Filename,audio)VALUES (?,?)" Dim cmd AsNew System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(sql,conn)


cmd.Parameters.Add("@audio",System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.Binary).Value = FileByteArray

conn.Open()cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("Audio Succesfully inserted !", "Image


conn.Close()f =True

fix:

Iff = FalseThenMsgBox("Already the audio name exists; Please enter

another name") EndIf

TextBox1.Text = "" ExitSub EndSub



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EndClass

EXTRACT AUDIO FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_extracta Dim conn AsNewSystem.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub ComboBox1_GotFocus(ByVal sender AsObject,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.GotFocus

ComboBox1.Items.Clear() OnErrorGoTo fix Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM audio"

conn.Open() Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,conn) Dim dr As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader While dr.Read



fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix

Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString Dim sql AsString = "SELECT audio FROM audio WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"




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b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True) Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("C:\x.wav",FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)

fs.Write(b, 0, b.Length)fs.Close()mp.openPlayer("C:\x.wav")

EndIfconn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub frm_extracta_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click IfSaveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() Windows.Forms.DialogResult.CancelThen Dim pt AsString = SaveFileDialog1.FileName

File.Copy("c:\x.wav", pt,True)

ElseComboBox1.Text = ""

EndIf EndSubEndClass

DELETE AUDIO FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_dela Dim conn AsNewSystem.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OL



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EDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False")

PrivateSub ComboBox1_GotFocus(ByVal sender AsObject,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.GotFocus

ComboBox1.Items.Clear() OnErrorGoTo fix Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM audio"




fix: ExitSub EndSub PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString

Dim sql AsString = "SELECT audio FROM audio WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"


b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True) Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("C:\x.wav",

FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)fs.Write(b, 0, b.Length)fs.Close()mp.openPlayer("C:\x.wav")

EndIfconn.Close()

fix:



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ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub frm_dela_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load

Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click IfMsgBox(" Are you sure you want to delete the audio ? ",MsgBoxStyle.YesNo) = MsgBoxResult.YesThen OnErrorGoTo mfix Dim fn AsString = Trim(ComboBox1.Text) Dim Sql AsString = "DELETE FROM audio WHERE

FileName='" & Trim(fn) & "'"conn.Open()

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(Sql,conn)

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("Audio Succesfully deleted !", "Audio

Delete Confirmation", MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information)

ComboBox1.Text = ""conn.Close()


EndIfmfix: ExitSub EndSubEndClass

INSERT VIDEO FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_insv Dim conn AsNewSystem.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OL



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EDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub frm_insv_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI

EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click OnErrorGoTo fix

OpenFileDialog1.ShowDialog()mp.openPlayer(OpenFileDialog1.FileName)

fix: EndSub

PrivateSub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click Dim fAsBoolean = False OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fs As FileStream = NewFileStream(OpenFileDialog1.FileName, FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read) Dim s AsString = TextBox1.Text Dim r As BinaryReader = New BinaryReader(fs) Dim FileByteArray(fs.Length - 1) AsByte

r.Read(FileByteArray, 0, CInt(fs.Length)) Dim sql AsString = "INSERT INTO video (Filename,video)VALUES (?,?)" Dim cmd AsNew System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(sql,conn)


cmd.Parameters.Add("@video",System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.Binary).Value = FileByteArray

conn.Open()

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("video Succesfully inserted !", "Image


conn.Close()f =True

fix:



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Iff = FalseThenMsgBox("Already the video name exists; Please enter

another name") EndIf

TextBox1.Text = ""

ExitSub EndSubEndClass

EXTRACT VIDEO FORM

Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_extractv Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub frm_extractv_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub


ComboBox1.Items.Clear() OnErrorGoTo fix Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM video"




fix: ExitSub EndSub



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PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString

Dim sql AsString = "SELECT video FROM video WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"


b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True) Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("C:\x.avi",

FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)fs.Write(b, 0, b.Length)fs.Close()mp.openPlayer("C:\x.avi")

EndIfconn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click IfSaveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() Windows.Forms.DialogResult.CancelThen Dim pt AsString = SaveFileDialog1.FileName

File.Copy("c:\x.avi", pt,True) Else

ComboBox1.Text = "" EndIf EndSub

EndClass

DELETE VIDEO FORM



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Imports System.Data.OleDbImports System.IOPublicClass frm_delv Dim conn AsNew

System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & Replace(Application.StartupPath, "bin","") & "DB.mdb;Mode=ReadWrite;Persist Security Info=False") PrivateSub frm_delv_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyBase.Load Me.MdiParent = MDI EndSub


OnErrorGoTo fixComboBox1.Items.Clear()

Dim sql AsString = "SELECT FileName FROM video"conn.Open()

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql,conn) Dim dr As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader While dr.Read



fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal senderAs System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged OnErrorGoTo fix

Dim fn AsString = ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString Dim sql AsString = "SELECT video FROM video WHEREFileName='" & fn & "'"




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b = cmd.ExecuteScalar() If(b.Length > 0)Then Dim stream AsNew MemoryStream(b,True) Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("C:\x.avi",FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)

fs.Write(b, 0, b.Length)fs.Close()mp.openPlayer("C:\x.avi")

EndIfconn.Close()

fix: ExitSub EndSub

PrivateSub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object,

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click IfMsgBox(" Are you sure you want to delete the video ? ",MsgBoxStyle.YesNo) = MsgBoxResult.YesThen OnErrorGoTo mfix Dim fn AsString = Trim(ComboBox1.Text) Dim Sql AsString = "DELETE FROM video WHEREFileName='" & Trim(fn) & "'"

conn.Open() Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(Sql,conn)

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()MessageBox.Show("video Succesfully deleted !", "video

Delete Confirmation", MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information)

ComboBox1.Text = ""conn.Close()


EndIfmfix:

ExitSub EndSubEndClass



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MODULE

Module Module1 PublicFunction compress(ByVal img AsSystem.Windows.Forms.PictureBox) As System.Drawing.Bitmap

Shell("C:\MAIN-C.exe temp.bmp temp.jpg")

Return img.Image

EndFunction

PublicFunction decompress(ByVal img AsSystem.Windows.Forms.PictureBox) As System.Drawing.Bitmap

Shell("C:\MAIN-E.exe temp.jpg temp.bmp")

Return img.Image EndFunctionEndModule

DCT.C

#include#include#include#include"bitio.h"#include"errhand.h"#define ROWS 200#define COLS 320

#define N 8

#define ROUND(a) (((a)


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void Initalize(int quality);void ReadPixelStrip(FILE*input,unsigned char strip[N][COLS]);int InputCode(BIT_FILE*input);void ReadDCTData(BIT_FILE*input,int input_data[N][N]);void OutputCode(BIT_FILE*output_file,int code);

void WriteDCTData(BIT_FILE*output_file,int output_data[N][N]);void WritePixelStrip(FILE*output,unsigned char strip[N][COLS]);void ForwardDCT(unsigned char*input[N],int output[N][N]);void InverseDCT(int input[N][N],unsigned char*output[N]);void CompressFile(FILE*input,BIT_FILE*output,intargc,char*argv[]);void ExpandFile(BIT_FILE*input,FILE*output,int argc,char*argv[]);#elsevoid Initalize();void ReadPixelStrip();

int InputCode();void ReadDCTData();void OutputCode();void WriteDCTData();void WritePixelStrip();void Forward();void CompressFile();void ExpandFile();#endifunsigned char PixelStrip[N][COLS];

double c[N][N];doublect[N][N];int InputRunLength;int OutputRunLength;int Quantum[N][N];

struct zigzag{int row;int col;}zigzag[N*N]={

{0,0},

{0,1},{1,0},{2,0},{1,1},{0,2},{0,3},{1,2},{2,1},{3,0},{4,0},{3,1},{2,2},{1,3},{0,4},{0,5},{1,4},{2,3},{3,2},{4,1},{5,0},{6,0},{5,1},{4,2},{3,3},{2,4},{1,5},{0,6},



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{0,7},{1,6},{2,5},{3,4},{4,3},{5,2},{6,1},{7,0},

{7,1},{6,2},{5,3},{4,4},{3,5},{2,6},1,7},{2,7},{3,6},{4,5},{5,4},{6,3},{7,2},{7,3},{6,4},{5,5},{4,6},{3,7},

{4,7},{5,6},{6,5},{7,4},{7,5},{6,6},{5,7},[6,7},{7,6},{7,7}};

void Initalize(quality)int quality;{ int i;

int j;

double pi=atan(1.0)*4.0;for(i=0;i


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strip[row][col]=(unsigned char)c;} }

int InputCode(input_file)BIT_FILE*input_file;{

int bit_count;int result;if(InputRunLength>0){InputRunLength--;return(0);

}bit_count=(int)InputBits(input_file,2);if(bit_count==0){InputRunLength=(int)InputBits(input_file,4);return(0);

}if(bit_count==1){InputRunLength=(int)InputBits(input_file,1)+1;elsebit_count=(int)InputBits(input_file,2)+(bit_count


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int top_of_range;int abs_code;int bit_count;if(code==0){OutputRunLength++;

return;}if(OutputRunLength!=0){while(OutputRunLength>0){OutputBits(output_file,0l,2);if(OutputRunLength


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void WriteDCTData(output_file,output_data)BIT_FILE*output_file;

int output_data[N][N];{int i;

int row;int col;double result;for(i=0;i


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for(i=0;i


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int row;int col;int i;unsigned char*input_array[N];int output_array[N][N];

int quality;if(argc-->0)

quality=atoi(argv[0]);elsequality=3;

if(quality50)fatal_error("Illegal quality factor of%d\n",quality);printf("Using quality factor of%d\n",quality);Initialize(quality);OutputBits(output,(unsigned long)quality,8);

for(row=0;row


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Initialize(quality);for(row=0;rowrack=0;

bit_file->mask=0*80;bit_file->pacifier_counter=0;return(bit_file);}BIT_FILE*OpenInputBitFile (name)

Char*name;{



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BIT_FILE*bit_file;bit_file= (BIT_FILE*) calloc (1, sizeof (BIT_FILE));if (bit_file==NULL)return(bit_file);bit_file->file=fopen(name,"rb");

bit_file->rack=0;bit_file->mask=0*80;bit file->pacifier counter=0;Return(bit_file);}void CloseOutputBitFile(bit_file)BIT_FILE*bit_file;{if(bit_file->mask!=0*80)if(putc(b

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