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MAIN CHARACTER’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN BEGIN AGAIN FILM
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1)
EVI NURLATIFAH
1111026000018
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2017
i
ABSTRACT
Evi Nurlatifah, Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs in Begin Again Film. Athesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State IslamicUniversity Jakarta, 2017.
This research focuses on analyzing what needs that cannot be fulfilled by DanMulligan as the main character and how he fulfills his needs in Begin Again filmusing Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The writer identifies thecharacteristic of Dan and analyzes the needs that are not fulfilled and the problemof the main character which revealed alongside his effort to gain back his needs.
From the analysis of the film, the writer finds Dan Mulligan characteristics arehard worker, idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job, and alcoholic. In thecontext of hierarchy of needs, Dan did not move to the higher level of needs(esteem needs) because his lower needs (love and belonging needs) are not entirelysatisfied. He went through unhealthy relationship, got divorce and separated fromhis daughter. In the end, he gained back love from his friends and family. He gotclose to his daughter again and he was in healthy relationship with his wife. Hefound affection, love and trust for each other so his love and belonging needs areentirely satisfied for him. Therefore he could move to the next level of needs andfulfilled his esteem needs. Dan’s characteristics also took an important role to helphim in fulfilling his love and belonging and esteem needs.
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of
my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
Jakarta, May 2017
Evi Nurlatifah
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahii…
All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of the Universe, who has given His love,
affection, and health in doing and completing this thesis. Peace and bless be upon to
the greatest prophet who we all adore; Muhammad SAW who had changed the
world into the better place to live.
First of all, the writer would like to express her sincerest and ingenuous
gratitude to her beloved mother, Unih Maryanih, who has given all support,
motivation, and prays to the writer in finishing her research and study. She also
taught the writer that education is a privilege. No matter how expensive the cost she
has to deal with, she always find a way and making sure that the writer had uplifting
foundation. The writer feel so blessed to have been raised by her because she
constantly helped the writer finds her way trying many of the options which
eventually has led the writer finds her dream and passion.
Secondly, the writer is heartily thankful to Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum., as
the writer’s advisor, whose guidance, patient, kindness, criticisms, corrections, and
encouragement from the initial to the final level enable her to develop an
understanding of the subject and complete this research.
Furthermore, the writer also would like to convey her sincere gratitude
particularly to:
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1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M. Ag., the Dean of Letters and Humanities
Faculty.
2. Drs. Saefudin, M. Pd., the Head of English Letters Department.
3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum., the Secretary of English Letters
Department.
4. The examiners in the thesis examination, Mrs. Maria Ulfa, M.A,
M.Hum., and Mrs. Ida Rosida, M.Hum., for the advices and
suggestions.
5. All lecturers of English Letters Department who have taught and
educated the writer during her study at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta.
6. The beloved and lunatic P.I.C mates (Anna, Irfa, Sabil and Fajar) who
always encourage the writer during her inconvenient time. Thank you
for the years filled with a hundred smiles, a thousand jokes and laughs,
and a million stories and memories.
7. All family of UKM Bahasa-FLAT especially La Flamme, thank you
for accepting the writer the way she is as a part of the prodigious
family.
8. The writer’s classmate in English Letters 2011, mainly the Literature
class who have given her a hand in the process of finishing this
research.
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9. YG Family especially Winner, Bigbang and 2NE1 members, who
always supported the writer morally and taught her that the effort will
never betray the result.
10. To those that the writer cannot mention one by one either who directly
or indirectly helping her completing this research.
Finally, the writer hopes this research will be useful especially for the writer
and those who are interested in it. May Allah bless us. Amin.
Jakarta, May 2017
The Writer
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET.......................................................................................... ii
LEGALIZATION............................................................................................... iii
DECLARATION................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study............................................................................. 1
B. Focus of the Study...................................................................................... 3
C. Research Questions..................................................................................... 4
D. Significance of the Study............................................................................ 4
E. Research Methodology............................................................................... 4
1. The Objectives of the Study............................................................... 5
2. The Method of the Study................................................................... 5
3. The Technique of Data Analysis........................................................ 5
4. The Instrument of the Study................................................................. 6
5. The Unit of Analysis.......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................ 7
A. Previous Researches.................................................................................... 7
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B. Character........................................................................................................ 9
C. Characterization............................................................................................. 9
1. Characterization through Appearance................................................. 10
2. Characterization through Dialogue...................................................... 10
3. Characterization through Action.......................................................... 10
4. Characterization through Reaction of Other Character................... 10
D. The Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory.................................................... 11
1. Psychological Needs........................................................................ 13
2. Safety Needs.................................................................................... 13
3. Love and Belonging Needs.............................................................. 13
4. Self-Esteem Needs........................................................................... 14
5. Self-Actualization Needs................................................................. 14
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS........................................................ 16
A. Character Analysis..................................................................................... 16
B. Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs Analysis......................................... 22
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………................... 40
A. Conclusions.................................................................................................. 40
B. Suggestions................................................................................................... 41
REFERENCES............................................................... .................................. 42
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
For most people, watching film is either a passion or a preferred hobby (Narula
223). Beside passion and hobby, many people watched films to study and to get
inspired. Because film somewhat have a similarity to reality and everyday life. It
could be argued that there is a relation between film and reality, and this relation
can happen because film can mediate reality, like an opinion from Andrew that “No
one would deny that cinema mediates reality for us” (Andrew 33). Film as a media
which could give a picture of reality may give some lessons from the way it
illustrated the world around us. The lesson from the film we may get from the
dimensions that appear in it, such as social, philosophical, political, or
psychological (Villarejo 6).
Discussing about psychological dimension in film, perhaps it is one of the
reasons that there are many studies about psychology in film. Beside cognitive
approach, there is also psychoanalytic approach in studying film, because there are
some films that used psychoanalytic ideas too. It was also written by Toby and
Robert stated that “Film theorists, critics, and commentators have been driven to
psychoanalytic ideas to explain cinema, because cinema seems to display a
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fundamental kinship with the irrational that psychoanalytic seeks to explain”
(Villarejo 124).
Psychology is one of the ideas that always brought to the silver screen, and
Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs theory has its fame as one of psychological
theme in films. Maslow stated people are motivated to achieve certain needs and
some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is physical survival,
and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is
fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. According to Maslow,
there are five stages of hierarchy of needs theory. There are: psychological needs,
safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization
needs. These five levels divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first
four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is
known as growth or being needs (B-needs) (McLeod).
Begin Again is a film which its main character deal with fulfilling his/her
needs. Written and directed by John Carney, Begin Again told the story of Dan
Mulligan, a formerly successful record label co-founder lived in New York who
struggled to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his
job, he went on a drinking which led him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he
met Gretta James, the creative and independent songwriter. Interested by her music,
Dan offered her to sign to his former label, Distressed Record. At first, she initially
refused but reconsidered the offer and agreed. Dan and Gretta met with Saul, his
business partner, but he thought their music would not be a big hit. Dan suggested
that they have to produce their own album together. Dan is not only tried to gain
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back his esteem needs by keep struggling with the new music industry every day,
but also his love and belonging needs which is lost because of the divorce. He
struggled with the divorce and separated from his daughter. It seems the divorce
made his life and career ruined and he also became an alcoholic for years. However,
his meeting with Gretta made him into an optimistic and he started to gain back his
lost needs. During the time, Dan and Gretta bonded both personally and
professionally.
The writer is interested in studying Dan Mulligan as the main character in film
Begin Again because there is the effort from Dan to fulfill and satisfy his needs. The
writer wanted to know more about the characteristics of Dan Mulligan and his
needs. However, there are some needs that cannot be fulfilled by Dan Mulligan. It is
indicated that he is not entirely satisfied with his needs at the first time, that is why
he cannot move to the higher level needs. For this reason, the writer carries out the
study to know how Dan Mulligan fulfills his needs viewed from Abraham
Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs.
B. Focus of the Study
Based on the background of study above, the writer analyzes Dan Mulligan as
the main character in Begin Again film and identify what needs that he cannot fulfill
and how his effort to fulfill the needs viewed by hierarchy of needs theory by
Abraham Maslow.
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C. Research Questions
According to the background of study, the writer concentrates and limits it by
formulating the research questions as follow:
1. How is the main character Dan Mulligan in Begin Again film described?
2. What needs cannot be entirely fulfilled by Dan Mulligan and how does he
fulfill back his needs in Begin Again film according to Abraham Maslow’s
theory?
D. Significance of the Study
The writer hopes that this study can be useful for the readers who are
interested in film-field discussion through literature studies, especially for those
who want to know more about Abraham Maslow’s theory, the Hierarchy of Needs.
Meanwhile, the writer also wishes to understand and to trace the meaningful of the
main character’s characteristics and the efforts of fulfilling his hierarchy of needs in
film Begin Again. Furthermore, hopefully the result of this study can be used as an
input in literary studies.
E. Research Methodology
Research methodology is including method of the study, objective of the
study, technique of the study, instrument of the study, and unit analysis.
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1. The Objectives of the Study
The objective of the research is to know the description of Dan as
main character and how Dan fulfills his hierarchy of needs in Begin
Again film viewed by Abraham Maslow’s theory.
2. The Method of the Study
The method of the study in this research is a qualitative method; it
uses descriptive analysis technique because the characteristic from
qualitative research is descriptive. It means the data collected is in the
form of words and pictures rather than number (Sugiyono 9). Peter
Woods mentioned, qualitative research is concerned with life as it is lived
and things as they happen and the researchers seek lived experiences in
real situations. This is an attempt to ensure that data and analysis will
closely reflect what is happening (Woods 3). The writer does the research
by describing and analyzing the characteristics of Dan in Begin Again
film. The collected data such as dialogues and pictures will be analyzed
by Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory.
3. The Technique of Data Analysis
The writer analyzes the collected data through some phrases; (a) the
writer watches the film carefully for several time; (b) the writer gathers
data including dialogues, pictures, and ideas related to the research
question; (c) the writer analyzes data in order to know the characteristics
of Dan in Begin Again film and how he fulfill his hierarchy of needs by
using Abraham Maslow theory.
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4. The Instrument of the study
The writer herself is the main instrument of the research. As the
subject, the writer is watching the movie, understanding, making notes
about movie quotation and scene of the film, and analyzing the related
data according to Hierarchy of Needs theory. The writer is also
collecting, reading, and understanding some related data and sources.
5. The Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis of the research is Begin Again written and
directed by John Carney, distributed by The Weinstein Company,
released on June 27th 2014.
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CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Researches
Begin Again film has been analyzed by other writers, there are: The first
previous research is “A Subtitling Analysis of Simple Sentence in Begin Again by
Dhikancut” by Wahyu Setiawan from University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(2016). This research focuses on the subtitling analysis of simple sentence in
Begin Again using Gottlieb’s theory about subtitling strategy and Nababan’s
theory about subtitling readabilty. The objectives of the research are: to identify
the subtitling strategies of simple sentence and to describe the subtitling
readability of simple sentence found in Begin Again movie. As a result, the
researcher obtains 1612 data. There are Expansion 0,68%, Paraphrase 14,27%,
Transfer 70,91%, Imitation 2,85%, Condensation 1,55%, Deletion 9,62%, and
Resignation 0,12%. The most subtitling strategy used is Transfer, because the
subtitler translates the source text completely and accurately. From 1612 data,
there are two Resignation strategy and it is not able to be analyzed. There are
1601 data has 3 score of readability level or 99,44% and 9 data has 2 score of
readability level or 0,56%. It shows that the most readability level in this research
is high. It can be concluded that Begin Again (2013) movie subtitle is readable
(Setiawan).
The second is “An Analysis of Subtitling Strategy and Readability in the
Subtitle of: Begin Again movie” by Hafidatun Awaliyah Almunawaroh from
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University of Soedirman (2016). The study was aimed to analyze the subtitling
strategy by the subtitler in translating Begin Again movie into Indonesian and to
know how the readability of the translation itself. Dan’s – the main character –
utterances are the primary data source of the research. The data were analyzed
using the theory of subtitling strategy by Gottlieb which included expansion,
paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation,
decimation, deletion, resignation. The result of the research shows there are 81
Dan’s utterances that contain subtitling strategy. The classifications are as
follows: expansion strategy (14 utterances), paraphrase strategy (5 utterances),
transfer (strategy 16 utterances), imitation strategy (7 utterances), transcription
strategy (6 utterances), dislocation strategy (3 utterances), condensation strategy
(4 utterances), decimation strategy (14 utterances), and deletion strategy (12
utterances). Thus, the most frequent data in subtitling strategy is transfer strategy
with 16 data. Out of 81 data 67 data are readable, 12 data are less readable, and
only 2 data are unreadable. In brief, it can be concluded that Begin Again subtitle
belongs to readable subtitle, with appropriate strategies applied to make the
subtitle readable by Indonesian viewers (Almunawaroh).
From the previous research above, the writer concluded that this study is
different from the previous one, because the writer here focuses on the narrative
aspect and analyze the film by using Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
theory. The writer hopes her research can enrich and complete the sources related
to the film.
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B. Character
In a film, character is an important element that will develop the story
because character is a person who carries out the events of film and then those
events become story. A character, then, is presumably an imagined person who
inhabits a story although that definition may admit to a few expectations
(Kennedy 45). Character is another essential element of film narrative, play
functional roles within the plot, either acting or being acted on. Stories cannot be
exist if either plot or characters are missing (Barsam 72). It is not surprising, then,
that when we watch television programs, see movies, or read literature, most of us
pay close attention to the people – the character – whose lives unfold before us
(Stanford 31-32).
C. Characterization
Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of
character. To be interesting in character, character must seem real, understandable
and worth caring about (Boggs and Petrie 50). Joseph M. Boggs and Dennies W.
Petrie define eight different techniques usually used to analyzed characters in
films, there are; characterization through appearance, dialogue, action, reaction of
other characters, choice of name, contrast, and through caricature and leitmotif.
But the writer will only discuss some characterization techniques that will be used
in this study, such as:
1. Characterization through appearance. The minute we see most actor
on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their
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facial features, dress, physical build, mannerism and the way they
move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story
progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing
character (60).
2. Characterization through dialogue. The characters are revealed their
characteristics in the film by how they say: true thoughts, attitudes,
emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choices and the
stress, pitch and pause pattern of their speech (61).
3. Characterization through action. Judging the character through their
action is definitely a certain thing. There are external and internal
actions. External actions come from the action the artist do for a
purpose. Internal actions come from the inner world of the character
which is cannot be seen and heard by audience. Inner action occurs
within character’s mind and emotions and consists of secret, unspoken
thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies (62).
4. Characterization through reaction of other character. The way other
characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of
characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about
character is already provided through such means before the character
first appears on the screen. (64).
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D. The Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory
Abraham Maslow is a humanistic psychologist. Start from admiring Freud’s
psychoanalysis and John B. Watson’s behaviorism theory, he later developed a
theory that differ from the previous two. He stated that human should be treated
as human not as an animal or thing (Goble). The cornerstone of Abraham
Maslow’s understanding of motivation is the proposition that human beings
possess urges or basic needs at organism level. Maslow wanted to understand
what motivates people. He believed that people possess a set of motivation
systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow had a little interest
in compiling a list of how many needs human possess. Rather, Maslow side-
stepped the numbers issue and proposed that one master need, the tendency
toward growth, governs and organizes all other needs. The growth/actualizing
need organizes all others into a hierarchy featuring five clusters based needs
(Reeve 311). The following diagram shows Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs below:
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1.1 The pyramid that depicts Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs (McLeod).
Maslow’s theory is often displayed as pyramid consisting of five levels; the
four levels are grouped together as deficiency needs associated with psychological
needs, while the top level is termed growth needs associated with the satisfied
such as satisfying physical, social, and intellectual and emotional needs. While
deficiency needs be met, growth needs are continually shaping behavior. The
basic concept is that the higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus once
all the needs that are lower down in the pyramid are mainly or entirely satisfied.
Growth forces create upward movement in the hierarchy, whereas regressive
forces push needs further down the hierarchy (Petri 290). The basic needs are as
follow:
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1. Psychological Needs
This need is the needs for foods, water, air, sex, sleep, etc. In order
to survive, it is important for human to fulfill this need. For this is a
basic level of needs, they have important role to each to the next level
needs. Therefore, if this lowest needs cannot be gratified it will upset
the health and the growth of human. It is impossible the human will
achieve the next needs (Goble 48).
2. Safety Needs
This need includes stability security, and freedom from fear and
anxiety (Schultz and Schultz 91). Like the psychological needs, safety
needs are primarily triggered in emergency situations. Higher needs
become unimportant when one’s is endangered, and our behavior
reflects our attempts to remain secure (Petri 290).
3. Love and Belongingness Needs
This need involves a hunger for affectionate relationship with
others, a need to feel part a group, or feeling that one “belong” (290).
Love/belonging needs can be expressed through a close relationship
with a family, friend, lover, or mates, or through social relationships
formed within group (Schultz and Schultz 305). Maslow argued that
individuals seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. He
suggested that the failure to satisfy the need for love is a fundamental
cause of emotional maladjustment (305). Maslow argued that without
love one’s growth and development of capabilities will be hampered.
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Maslow stated that love should be involves a healthy relationship and
loving affection between two people, including trust to each other. This
need involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of
belonging (Goble 75).
4. Self-Esteem Needs
Once we feel loved and have a sense of belonging, we may find
ourselves driven by two form of the need of esteem. We require esteem
and respect from ourselves, in the form of feelings of self-worth, and
from other people, in the form of status, recognition, or social success.
Satisfaction of the needs for self-esteem allows us to feel confident of
our strength, worth, and adequacy, which will help us become more
competent and productive in all aspects of our life. When we lack self-
esteem, we feel inferior, helpless, and discouraged with little
confidence in our ability to cope (Schultz and Schultz 305).
5. Self-Actualization Needs
The individual is doing what he, individually, is fitted for, is what
we called it self-actualization. The self-actualizing process may take
many forms, but each person, regardless of occupation or interest, is
capable of maximizing personal abilities and reaching the fullest
personality development. Self-actualizing is not limited to creative and
intellectual superstars such as musicians, artists, and astrophysicists.
What is important is to fulfill one’s own potentials at the highest level
possible, whatever one’s chosen endeavor (307).
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Human is motivated by several basic needs which have the same
characteristic for all species, unchanging and come from genetics or instincts
(Maslow). That is the unique fundamental concepts of Maslow’s theory. In the
next chapter, the writer discusses about the data description and analysis about
Dan Mulligan and his needs. The data is based on the dialogues and the scene of
the film.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
In this chapter, the writer discusses about the data description and analysis
about Dan Mulligan as the main character. The data presented is based on the
dialogue of the film and the picture from the scenes in film to support it. The
data is analyzed by Abraham Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. Firstly, the
writer describes the characteristics of Dan Mulligan in Begin Again film.
Secondly, the writer analyzes which needs are not fulfilled by Dan Mulligan as
main character and how he fulfills his needs.
A. Character Analysis
In a film, character has an important role. The character, as a representation
of human being, helps in building up the plot of the story. The character is the
person that the actor plays (Hayman 65). After watching Begin Again film
intensively, the writer concluded the most influenced character that has special
characteristics compared to others is Dan Mulligan. The writer confirmed Dan
Mulligan is the main character in Begin Again film because he almost dominated
the whole story and screen time in the film from the beginning to the end.
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Dan Mulligan, as the main character in Begin Again film is described as a
hard worker producer. In his early career he joined Saul – his Harvard College
and co-worker – to establish their independent label, Distressed Record.
Picture 2.1
Dan : See? This is fun, right? When we came into thisneighborhood in 1992, there was nobody here. It was like a warzone. Hookers, crack… Now it’s totally gentrified.(Begin Again 00.08.00-00.08.09)
The quotation and picture above showed Dan started his music career by
establishing his label with his friend, Saul. From a small and empty bar, Dan and
Saul worked together to pursue their dream in music until they succeed, gained
recognition and featured in the most well-known music magazine in America,
Rolling Stone. As seen in the picture above which is proven Dan is a hard worker
who pursued the career and achieved the dream with much dedication.
Dan Mulligan is not only a hard worker, but also an idealist. Idealist is a
person who is guided more by ideals than by a practical consideration (Oxford).
He did not want to follow the trend; he loved to walk his path with his own idea.
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Dan: Fresh prospects, let’s hear it. What do you got for me?No, no! Who’s next on this delightful journey?No, no, no man. No! No, you can’t! No you can’t!It’s shit. It’s shit! Get fucking out of my car. Give me anything, asong, a hook, anything I can work with. That’s something. That’sgood… until you started to sing.(Begin Again 00.05.31-00.06.33)
The quotation above showed Dan headed to his office for meeting, he
played the demo tapes one by one, there are various genres from pop, electronic
rock, punk, and hip-hop, but nothing impressed him. Dan thought it is too
typical, he craved for something new. He then threw all the demo tapes out of his
car.
Beside his idealist characteristic, Dan also has an arrogant side. Because of
his idealism, Dan always ignored the other opinion and stick only to his ideas.
He mocked other and judged them as a trend follower. He often argued with Saul
about the music they would produce together.
Dan : Band doing audio commentary is lame, Saul, and you know it.Saul : It’s an idea. It’s something that helps keep the lights on.Dan : We need vision, not gimmicks.Saul : I’ve been following you, Mr. Mulligan. Down a track on every
long shot you’ve been bringing in here for the last five years, andwhich one of them has come in? Which one?
Dan : You can’t pull this shit! These people know that they are sittingbehind those desks because I started an independent record label.
Saul : Things change, times change. People got to change with them,Dan. It’s not working. You got to go.(Begin Again 00.08.27-00.11.35)
The quotation above showed how intense the argument between Saul and
Dan as founder and co-founder in the label. It was impossible for them to meet
the agreement about things. At first, Dan interrupted the meeting between Saul
and his client. He abruptly criticized their idea and acted arrogantly in the
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meeting room. Realizing the situation became awkward and tense; Saul
concluded the meeting and let Dan talked to him. He criticized Saul as he
followed the trend and created gimmick not innovation. Dan as an idealist person
disappointed on how Saul reacted to the issues and forgot about their idealism.
On the other hand, Saul also disappointed on how selfish Dan rejected the idea
without giving him the solution. Saul thought Dan changed in an arrogant way,
never listened to other. He is too old-fashioned about new idea. Saul then came
into decision to fire Dan from his position as co-founder in the record label.
Dan’s prime time as a successful producer made him immersed with his
business. His job demanded him worked every day to fulfill the deadline; he
even met the client in the weekend. Dan sometimes picked up Violet and he
rushed immediately to office. He brought her daughter to the office for meeting
instead of spending his free time to play with his daughter.
Miriam: Her teachers really worried about her. She was distant, andbasically the only people who want to hang out with her areolder boys who want to date her.
Dan : Oh, really? You find it surprise?Miriam : No girls like her at school. She needs a psychiatrist.Dan : She is just 15 years old. She did not need a psychiatrist.Miriam: No, Dan, think about it!Dan : That is fucking bullshit. She needs some guidance, for God
sake.Miriam : Well, guide her! Guide her!
You walk in here like a fucking clown, you tell me how to raisemy kid, the kid that you pick up once a month and decide youhave a fucking conscience about. You know what? Thirtyseconds after you are gone, we will have totally forgotten youwere ever here.(Begin Again 00.14.37-00.15.35)
The quotation above showed Miriam – Dan’s ex-wife – fought with Dan
about their daughter problem. Dan just found out that Violet has a counseling
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time with the psychiatric at her school, when her daughter told him that she has a
psychiatrist at school due to her mother favor. Dan thought it was normal for
teenager to behave like Violet now and he thought the fifteen years old girl sees
the psychiatrist is just too much, but Miriam believed Violet has a problem, that
is why she proposed her daughter to see the psychiatrist. Violet’s teachers really
worried about her, she was distant, and the only people who want to hang out
with her are older boys who want to date her. They blamed each other for not
caring well about Violet. Dan blamed Miriam who allowed Violet to dress – too
sexy for her age – that way at school so the boys always teased her. Miriam said
Dan was too busy until he did not know that his daughter has a problem at
school.
The writer argued that Dan’s busy time as a successful producer is one of
the reasons why they got divorce. He was too occupied with his job and his own-
self. Although he was a loving father and caring husband, he changed to be lack
of communication and affection toward his daughter and his wife in his prime
time as producer. They only communicated to talk about who picked up and took
care of Violet when they busy with their deadline work.
Hard worker, idealist, arrogant, and too occupied with his job are described
well about Dan Mulligan’s characteristics. In addition to that, he is an alcoholic.
He even has a bottle of alcohol beside his bed – instead mineral water – and
inside his car. He could go to bar to drink down whiskey all day long. It seems
he drank to release the stress, because there are people who drank to relieve their
21
stress and anxiety. They thought alcohol calmed their desperate selves and they
could forget their problem after drinking two or three glasses.
Picture 2.2
Violet : What is that smell?Dan : Oh, that is gasoline. I was filling up the car with gasoline, and
then I spilled a little on my pant leg. That is not alcohol!(Begin Again 00.07.26-00.07.30)
The quotation above is taken from the scene when Dan picked up her
daughter at school. When Violet inside his car and asked what smell, Dan lay to
her and said it was a gasoline and not alcohol. He tried to get ride the smell and
chewed such a mint candy. The writer argued Dan made alcohol as his escape
way from his entire problem. He got divorce with his wife, moved out of his
house, separated from his daughter, get stressed about his relationship and
messed up his life.
High level of stress may influence drinking frequency and quantity. This
relationship between stress and drinking even stronger when alterative coping
mechanisms and social supports are lacking. When individuals believe that
alcohol will help him to reduce the stress in their lives, alcohol is most likely to
22
be used in respond to stress. Drinking appears to follow stress but some evidence
also links excessive drinking to the anticipation of a major stress or even during
times of stress (Bressert).
From the analysis of character, the writer finds that Dan Mulligan as the
main character in Begin Again film has quite strong characteristics such as hard
worker, idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job, and alcoholic. Dan
Mulligan’s characteristics also take an important role to help him in fulfilling his
love and belonging needs and self-esteem needs.
B. Main Character’s Hierarchy of Needs Analysis
In this subchapter, the writer analyzes deeply about Dan Mulligan’s
hierarchy of needs in Begin Again film using Abraham Maslow’s theory. As it
has been explained previously in chapter II, Maslow stated that people are
motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over
others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first
thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is
what motivates us, and so on. In accordance with Maslow there are five stages of
theory of hierarchy of needs. Those are: psychological needs, safety needs,
belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. These
five levels divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels
are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is known as
growth or being needs (B-needs) (McLeod).
23
Based on Abraham Maslow’s theory, at first Dan Mulligan has fulfilled his
needs up to stage four; there are psychological needs, safety needs, love and
belonging needs, and esteem needs. The writer discusses firstly the four stages of
needs which have been fulfilled by Dan. In the lowest level of hierarchy of
human needs is a psychological need, a batch of basic needs which is the most
urgent in satisfaction because it is related to biological maintenance and viability
(Koeswara 119). In order to survive, it is important for human to fulfill this need.
For this is a basic level of needs, they have important role to each to the next
level needs. Therefore, if this lowest needs cannot be gratified it will upset the
health and the growth of human. It is impossible the human will achieve the next
needs (Goble 48).
Picture 2.3
24
Picture 2.4
Picture 2.5
There are three pictures above showed Dan has fulfilled his four stages
needs. The first picture is the apartment rented by Dan and the second one is
Dan’s car. It is proven that he has a safe place for living, eating and sleeping
comfortably and he also can afford to buy a car which is not cheap. The writer
pointed out that Dan has fulfilled his psychological needs.
After the psychological needs are fulfilled then appear the safety needs.
This need include stability, security, and freedom from fear and anxiety (Schultz
and Schultz 91). Like the psychological needs, safety needs are primarily
triggered in emergency situations. Higher needs become unimportant when one’s
25
is endangered, and our behavior reflects our attempts to remain secure (Petri
290). The third picture shows Dan attending meeting with his clients at his
office. Dan’s job as co-founder and producer is an important role in his label; his
job also provides security and stability especially about income. Dan also did not
have disease that can endanger his life. Then the writer asserted Dan has fulfilled
his safety needs.
After the satisfaction of psychological needs and safety needs, then the
third stage of hierarchy of needs, love and belonging needs emerged to be
fulfilled by Dan Mulligan. He married his wife for eighteen and has a daughter.
According to Maslow theory hierarchy of needs, Dan has fulfilled his third stage
level of love and belonging needs because he received love from his family.
However in the middle of his life, Dan faced the divorce which makes him lost
his family. Dan and his wife went through unhealthy relationship and make his
wife cheated on his back. The writer asserted that the reason Miriam cheated
because Dan was too occupied with his job and his own-self, and she did not
satisfied with Dan’s love and affection. In his prime time as a successful
producer, Dan was too busy with his job and spent less time with his family.
Moreover, her wife was also busy with her own job as music journalist.
Lack of communication made their relationship even worse. When Miriam met
someone who treated her better than her husband, she attracted to that person and
cheat on her husband back, and they got divorce. They got no affection, love and
trust in their relationship. If they got affection, love and trust to each other, she
would not cheat with the other man. This condition emphasized that lack of
26
affection and communication became the cause of the loss of love and belonging
needs. He later became an alcoholic to release his stress and depress due to the
divorce. In pursuance of Abraham Maslow theory of hierarchy of needs, Dan lost
his love and belonging needs.
Maslow stated love and belonging need involves both giving and receiving
love, affection and the sense of belonging. He suggested that the failure to satisfy
the need for love is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment (Schultz
and Schultz 305). Maslow argued that without love one’s growth and
development of capabilities will be hampered. He asserted that love should
involve a healthy relationship and loving affection between two people,
including trust to each other (Goble 75). Hendro Setiawan stated personal
importance (such as Dan who was too occupied with his job) tends to dominate
human life and make everything else as secondary importance. Focus on
personal importance makes people constantly do not care to the reality around
them, the situation like this sometimes makes a relationship is not going well
(Setiawan 135).
Maslow added the experience of love each other should include affection,
joy, happiness, satisfaction, pride, a feeling of overwhelming (if everything went
smoothly). There is a tendency for each other to get close and create a more
intimate physical contact, such as cuddling and embracing a loved one, and miss
them (Maslow 42). But Maslow asserted that love should not be confused with
sex, which can be seen as mere physiological needs. The most important thing in
a relationship is not only sexual needs, but also the needs for love and affection.
27
Maslow liked Carl Rogers’s idea of love: a state in which a person deeply
understood and accepted wholeheartedly (Goble 74).
After the divorce, Dan may look like someone who lived without purpose,
distressed and gave up easily. But since he has a quite strong characteristic such
as hard worker and idealist, when he got the problems he tried to cope and deal
with it. In order to fulfill his love and belonging, he started to build
communication with his daughter again. He tried to get close with his daughter
after separating from her for several years.
Picture 2.6
Dan : How could he fire me when I set the whole fucking thing up?Violet : Did you?Dan : Don’t you know anything about you father?Violet : Yeah, I do. I know what mom says.Dan : What does mom say?Violet : She says you are a pathetic loser.Dan : What do you think?Violet : I don’t really know you.
(Begin Again 00.11.43-00.12.19)
The quotation above showed Dan and Violet talked to each other. In their
conversation, Dan did not ask Violet how she was doing recently and he just
28
talked about his job. Violet seems bored and not interested in the conversation.
The way Violet said “Yeah, I do. I know what mom says… She says you are a pathetic
loser” in the dialogue above showed that her mother gave a big influences on how
Violet thought about his father, and it also proves that she did not have an interest in her
father. It was not surprised that his daughter did not respond well to his effort
because the way he communicated with his daughter and the way he carried out
the conversation was wrong. He was less affectionate toward his daughter during
the conversation. There is no such an intimate eye contact and warm gaze
between them and what Dan was done is just focus on himself. It is proven that
Dan has not got the love and affection from his daughter and it indicates that Dan
is not reaching the third level need, love and belonging needs.
When Dan tried to get back his love and belonging needs with his own
effort and all of his efforts are useless because he did it in the wrong way. But
Dan’s relationship with his family was changing when he met Gretta James an
independent singer and songwriter who later joined him in making an album
project and also helped him to get back with his wife and especially with his
daughter. Dan met her at the Lower East bar, when he drank he heard Gretta
performed her self-compose song on the stage. Nobody in the crowd reacts to her
performance except her friend, Steve. But Dan was amazed with her song; he
smiled ear to ear. Dan heard the different things that no one heard in her song; he
heard the beautiful arrangement in her song. He heard the drum sound was
playing, piano, cello, and violin sound filled in the air. After Gretta performed he
29
song on stage, Dan immediately talked to her and tried to give her an offer to
sign Gretta to his label to showcase her talent in music.
Dan : I’m in. I want to make records with you. I want to produce you, Iwe’re meant to work together.
Gretta : Sorry, didn’t you see what just happened up there?Dan : Yeah, what? Are you feeling sorry for yourself?Gretta : No I like my music. Who cares if they don’t get it, right?Dan : You just need to work on your performance.Gretta : I’m not a performer, I write song from time to time.Dan : Are all the songs as good as that one?Gretta : Are you an A&R man? You look more like a homeless man.Dan : I promise you it would be a big hit.
(Begin Again 00.21.21-00.22.10)
The quotations above show Dan tried to sign Gretta to his former label, but
she refused the offer immediately. Gretta did not sure if Dan is a record label
man because of his mess appearances. In addition to that, Gretta thought her
performance was bad. Dan is a hard worker; he would not give up easily. Outside
the bar, he waited for Gretta and tried to persuade her again. They agreed to grab
a beer together; Dan explained why he was very persistent to sign Gretta. He told
her that he never signed anybody in seven years and his label completely lost all
faith in him. If he looked like homeless it was because he left home for years and
ago. Gretta said she has to go home to catch up flight tomorrow, but Dan
convinced her once more by giving his name card if she changed her mind.
Finally the next day, Gretta called Dan and told him she agreed to accept the
deal. The reason why Gretta wanted to work with Dan is she recently broke up
with his boyfriend who is a singer and also her co-worker. She has no business
with him again so she accepted Dan’s offer.
30
Gretta is not only helped Dan in the process of album project, but she also
helped him make up his relationship with his family. Gretta’s support and advice
helped Dan got close with his daughter. One day when Gretta met Violet, they
get along very well and talked about many things.
Picture 2.7
Gretta : So who was the cute guy in the blue shirt?Violet : Greg, you notice him? He’s totally out of our league.Gretta : Ignore him.Violet : How do you get someone to notice you’re ignoring them if
they’re ignoring you?Gretta : He’s not ignoring. You’re beautiful. He knows that you’re there.
If you like him you have to find way to get him to ask you out.Violet : But, how?Gretta : Well, first stop dressing like you’re totally easy.Violet : I thought this was sort of sexy, it’s American ApparelGretta : Yeah, it’s very sexy, but it doesn’t leave much to the
imagination, you know? You want to go shopping?Violet : I do.
(Begin Again 00.58.05-00.59.30)
The quotations above showed that Gretta really knew well the teenager like
Violet loved to talk about their daily live such as talking about the guy at their
school, dating tips, or fashion and shopping. That is why she asked Violet all the
topics that made her interest in the conversation. Therefore Gretta asked Violet
31
about Greg and gave her the dating tips by telling her to change her style. Gretta
also took her shopping for some clothes. The way Gretta got close to Violet
made Dan realized that the way he got close to his daughter was in inappropriate
way. He finally knew the know-how to approach the teenager like Violet and
what kind of conversation they loved to talk about.
When Gretta knew Dan separated with his daughter for years, she
suggested Violet to come and play on a track and he could meet his daughter
more often. He later told Miriam that he wanted to involve Violet to play guitar
in his album project. Gretta’s effort involved Violet in album project made Dan
and Miriam talked to each other. Dan also persuaded Miriam to come along with
Violet to their record session. He would love to see if Miriam could come with
their daughter.
Dan : Alright, alright… come in wherever you want, you know? Youcan wait. Just keep it simple.
Violet : Ok.Dan : You are going to be great.
(Begin Again 01.07.04-01.07.15)
Miriam finally came along with her daughter as Dan wished. Before the
session began, Dan worried Violet would very nervous and made a mistake
during the recording so he encouraged her and said she would be great.
Unexpectedly, Violet played the guitar very well and Dan amazed and looked so
happy and proud of her. He hugged and kissed her after the record end. He never
knew her daughter could play the guitar like a real player. The way Dan
encouraged his daughter showed that he was considerate toward Violet who was
nervous for her first record session. After the recording ended, Dan hugged and
32
kissed Violet. He was proud of her and kept telling her that she was talented in
playing guitar and it was proven that Dan became more affectionate father
toward his daughter.
When Dan picked up Violet at school, he gave her the album and show
how cool she was in the picture. He never knew his daughter such a guitar
prodigy, he kept praise her and told Violet that she was talented.
Picture 2.8
Dan : You’re like a real guitar player. You got some talent, really.Violet : What? Do you want me to start a band now, and…Dan : Yeah, let’s start a band! I’ll produce you, and I like this idea.Violet : You are motivated now?Dan : It’s family business. It’s like the Jackson Five, The mulligan
three.Violet : You come in?Dan : No, I’m going to play that for Saul, see if we can get a deal.Violet : Good luck let me know how it goes.Dan : I love youViolet : I know you do.Dan : Hey come on, yeah so pretty.
(Begin Again 01.30.55-01.31.36)
In the picture above showed Violet expressions was smile brightly showed
that she felt closer with her father, because Dan became more considerate and
affectionate toward his daughter. They also talked about the idea of making the
band which made Violet excited to hear that. Gretta’s effort was very helpful in
33
getting Dan closer to Violet. He finally expressed his affection and confessed his
love toward his daughter and finally his daughter accepted his love and affection
wholeheartedly. Maslow liked Carl Rogers’s idea of love: a state in which a
person deeply understood and accepted wholeheartedly (Goble 74).
Dan’s good relationship with his daughter also made him re-build the
relationship with his wife. They tried to forgive each other, forget the past, and
build a relationship again which includes affection, trust, and love to each other
and also good communication. They made up their marriage life for the sake of
their daughter happiness. Maslow stated that love should be involves a healthy
relationship and loving affection between two people, including trust to each
other. This need involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense
of belonging (Goble 75).
Picture 2.9
The picture above showed Dan and Miriam looked at each other and
showed love for each other. They cuddled and listened to the music together
using their old splitter. They reminisced about their first date and the first time
34
they met. Maslow added the experience of love each other should include
affection, joy, happiness, satisfaction, pride, a feeling of overwhelming (if
everything went smoothly). There is a tendency for each other to get close and
create a more intimate physical contact, such as cuddling and embracing a loved
one, and miss them (Maslow 42).
The fulfillment of his love and belonging needs from his family makes him
became the different person than before, he was more considerate and
affectionate toward his daughter and his wife. Dan also quitted drinking and he
did not look for an escape way for his problems again. Although Dan did not
know if he could stop drinking alcohol or not, but at least he tried to quit for the
sake of his family. Bressert added social supports especially from family and
friends are needed for those who intended to stop drinking alcohol (Bressert).
Besides quitted drinking, he also left his apartment and came back home to
reunite with his family. John C. Maxwell has emphasized that good relationships
are the foundation for achievement. On the top of that the good relationship is
important and indispensable to achieve the success and fullness of life (Setiawan
124).
After helping Dan made up his relationship with his family, Gretta also
helped him in a process of album making. Firstly, Dan brought Gretta to the label
to perform her song in front of Saul in order to make a contract with the record
label. But, Saul was not interested in her performance, he thought Gretta song
was a little undercook and plain for him. Dan convinced him that her song could
be a big hit if they put the exact arrangement. But Saul firmly rejected and asked
35
them to come back with the demo. The reason why Dan failed to sign Gretta to
the label is because the way Dan presented Gretta’s song was wrong. He should
make a demo tape first before going to the label.
Dan realized that asking Saul is no help and he just wasted his time. So he
made up his mind and thought another way to continue the album project without
his record label’s help. He wanted to complete the demo tape so he could meet
with Saul to discuss the contract for Gretta.
Picture 2.10
In the picture above Dan vigorously suggested about recording outside the
studio and shooting the music video in every corner of New York City. She
agreed and thought it was an exciting idea. When Gretta agreed with Dan’s idea
about the album project and helped him to realize it, Dan slowly gained his
confidence again to produce the music. The picture above shows Dan’s
enthusiasm in explaining the idea to Gretta; he seems found his passion again.
Through this project Gretta helped Dan met with the many people who
later joined them in the band and involved in the album making. Steve the funny
36
guy is a composer, he is in charge for laptop, pro tools and couple dynamic
microphones. Malcolm the geek young man is a violin prodigy, and his nerd
sister who has full scholarship at Manhattan music school is an amazing cellist.
Zach, who is in charge of piano, is an ex-pianist in ballet school for kids. The
other one who played bass and drum is Troublegum’s men – a well-known hip-
hop artist and producer – he helped Dan because he owed Dan so much.
Dan started his producing all over again and he did not have money to start
the album project with Gretta. He did not receive the help from his label. Dan
dared to start the project album only with the support and trust from Gretta and
the band mates.
Dan : Just give me money to make the demo. I’ll take her to studio, gethot producer, get couple session musician, dial the thing out.
Saul : People send us their demo. It is not the other way around. Makedemo and we’ll get back to you.(Begin Again 00.47.02-00.47.40)
The quotation above is taken from the scene where Dan asked for Saul’s
help in providing the budget to make the demo tape for him. But Saul rejected
the idea because there was no term and condition in the company to cover up the
budget for the demo tape. Saul also did not believe that his album project could
be a big hit after he saw Gretta performed in front of him. Although Dan started
producing music without the support from his company and he almost did not
have budget to pay his band mates, but he did not gave up. Gretta and the bands
mates are always support him; they appreciated his idea and believed in his
guidance on their album. They did not complain about the late payment or the
lack of equipment such as recording studio. Maslow argued love and belonging
37
needs can be expressed through a close relationship with a family, friend, lover,
or mates, or through social relationships formed within group (Schultz and
Schultz 305).
As time goes by, Dan, Gretta and their band mates bonded professionally
and personally. They worked hard for the album project and their preparation for
the album was nearly finished. The writer observed Dan slowly gained back his
love and belonging needs from his friends. He met people who have the same
passion in music and they work together through the album project. Dan felt
grateful they accepted him the way he is, therefore he felt that he was part of
them.
In consonance with hierarchy of needs theory, Dan love and belonging
needs from friends and mates is entirely satisfied. He got acceptance and respect
from his band mates which makes him felt a part of them. His closeness with
Gretta and the band mates made him become more confident. Maslow implied
love and belonging need involve a hunger for affectionate relationship with
others, a need to feel part a group, or feeling that one “belong” (Petrie 290).
Because in the middle of his life Dan faced the divorce which makes him
lost his love and belonging needs. When Dan faced the divorce, he also got so
many troubles in his work which led him into the deposition. Then when he lost
his love and belonging needs, his esteem needs is automatically pushed back.
Because the basic concept of hierarchy of needs is when the lower level of needs
is not entirely satisfied then the higher level of needs cannot be fulfilled. It is
because one must be focused to fulfill the lower need first, so the higher need is
38
neglected. Growth forces create upward movement in the hierarchy, whereas
regressive forces push needs further down the hierarchy (Petri 290). That is why
Dan also lost his esteem needs, because he was focused on entirely satisfying his
love and belonging needs and his esteem needs is neglected.
When Dan love and belonging needs has been fulfilled and did not turn out
to be an obstacle anymore, he finally fulfilled his esteem needs. Once his love
and belonging needs is entirely satisfied, he became the productive person who
has a confidence. After the process of the album done and Saul is satisfied with
the result, Gretta finally signed the contract with the label. Dan gained back his
recognition as producer and his position as co-founder. Their album project also
turned out to be a real big hit. Maslow wrote, once we feel loved and has a sense
of belonging; we may find ourselves driven by two form of the need of esteem.
We require esteem and respect from ourselves, in the form of feelings of self-
worth, and from other people, in the form of status, recognition, or social
success. Satisfaction of the needs for self-esteem allows us to feel confident of
our strength, worth, and adequacy, which will help us become more competent
and productive in all aspects of our life (Schultz and Schultz 305).
From the analysis above, at the beginning of the film the main character
has fulfilled his needs until the fourth stages, (psychological needs, safety needs,
love and belonging needs, and esteem needs) somehow he cannot move on to the
next level of hierarchy of needs. He went through unhealthy relationship because
he is lack affection and communication with his wife. That is why his love and
belonging needs is actually not yet fulfilled that is why his esteem needs is
39
pushed back. However on the last part of the film he gained back his love and
belonging and it is a healthy relationship there is affection, love and trust for
each other so his love and belonging needs is entirely satisfied that is why he can
move on to the next level of hierarchy of needs.
40
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
The Begin Again film told the story of Dan Mulligan, a successful producer
who faced the deposition, the divorce and separated from his daughter for years.
However, his meeting with Gretta changes his life. The writer analyzes the
characteristics of Dan and how he fulfills his needs. The writer uses the qualitative
method, descriptive analysis technique and Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
as the theory. The basic concept of this theory is the higher needs only come into
focus once all the needs are lower down in the hierarchy are entirely satisfied. The
levels of needs are: psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs,
esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. But not everyone can fulfill all the
needs, because it depends on the human ability and potency to reach it.
After analyzing the film, the writer finds Dan characteristics are hard worker,
idealist, arrogant, too occupied with his job and alcoholic. Dan has fulfilled his
needs up to the fourth stage level. But in the middle of his life, he faced the divorce
and the deposition. According to Maslow theory, he lost his love and belonging
needs as well as his esteem needs. Dan cannot move on to the higher level of
hierarchy of needs because of his lower needs is not entirely satisfied. When he
41
entirely fulfilled his love and belonging needs he can move on to the next level of
needs and fulfilled his esteem needs.
Dan is depicted as the main character who is easy to fulfill his love and
belonging needs. He did not face many obstacles in the process of fulfilling his
needs. When he started to fulfill his love and belonging and his esteem needs, he
only failed once in trying to gain back his needs, and his failure is caused by the
way he got back his needs was wrong. It can be seen that this Begin Again film
shows the process of fulfilling one’s needs in a simple way.
B. Suggestions
In analyzing film, the researchers have to use the right approach and theory
in order to have the right comprehension. If readers are interested in analyzing
psychological issues, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the literary
theories that focus on it. The readers who are interested in this film can also
analyze the important role of music in the narration of the story or use film theories
such as cinematography in order to get better understanding of the film. The writer
hopes this research study give contribution to the student of English Letters
Department who wants to analyze about the same topic. Hopefully this research
study motivates other to analyze using Abraham Maslow hierarchy of need theory
in literary work especially in film.
42
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