mahmut ali gÖkÇeindustrial systems engineering lecture 2 system identification ise102 spring 2007
TRANSCRIPT
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Lecture 2 System Identification
ISE102 Spring 2007
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Topics
• System Identification Process
• System Identification Exercise
• System Design Discussion – Waterfall – Spiral development
• Costing
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Steps and Phases
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
What is a System?• Group of Components that work
together for a purpose– Service– Product– Process
• Attributes: discernable manifestations of the components
• Relationships are links between Components & Attributes
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
System Life-CycleOne-Phase
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Definition
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Development
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Deployment
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
What is a System Life Cycle
• System Planning and Marketing• Research Development Testing
and Evaluation • System Acquisition & Deployment
& Production
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Definition
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Development
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Deployment
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Definition
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Development
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Deployment
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Definition
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Development
Formulation
Analysis
Interpretation
System Deployment
Planning & Marketing
RDT&E
Acquisition & Production
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
The Many Systems Frameworks• Logically: 3 steps
– Define – Develop – Deploy
• Temporally: 3 Life-cycle Process– Planning & Marketing – Research, Development, Test & Evaluation– Acquisition & Production Life Cycle
• Perspectives: 3 Stages – Formulation of the Problem – Analysis of the Alternatives to its Solution – Interpretation of the Analyses and Selection of the Alternative(s)
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Preliminary Design
• System Functional Analysis – Functions Identified
• Operational • Maintenance• Disposal/Retirement
• Synthesis & Allocation• Allocation of performance factors, design,
effectiveness requirements• Allocation of Support requirements
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
• System Optimization – Systems, subsystem tradeoffs and evaluation of
alternatives– System & Subsystem Analysis
• System Synthesis & Definition– Prelim Design Performance Configuration – Models, brass board, prototype development
and testing
Preliminary Design
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Detailed Design
• Product Design – Prime components designed (Hdwr/Sfwr)– Maintenance & Logistical Support – Data Documentation – System Analysis and evaluation (including training footprint) – Design Review
• System Prototype Development • System prototype Test & Evaluation
– Design tests and test sequences – Identify data requirements – Identify analytic requirements
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Waterfall Process for System D&D
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Software Development Responsibilities
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
VV
User Requirements & System Specification
Operation & Maintenance & Retrofit
Detailed System Design
Customer Perspective– Purposeful Enterprise Architecture
Preliminary Conceptual Design
Integrate & Test
Functional Architecture Perspective
Verification & Test Modules
System Production
System Developer Perspective
System Production Perspective
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Concurrent Engineering
• Simultaneous consideration of all elements/components in a system across the product lifecycle
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Market Share Loss
Defect Losses
Test Time
Rea
l Val
=
(gai
n* p
r) -
(los
s*pr
)
Sum
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Spiral Hypothesis Testing
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Course Project
• Formulation of the System – Needs to be fulfilled– Requirements & Objectives– Constraints and Degrees of Freedom – Alternatives to above
• System Definition & Identification Process– What is your system?– What is its purpose?– What are its Components (structural operating & flow),
Attributes and Relationships?– What are the attributes that define its state?
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Preliminary Design
• System Functional Analysis – Functions Identified
• Operational • Maintenance• Disposal/Retirement
• Synthesis & Allocation• Allocation of performance factors, design,
effectiveness requirements• Allocation of Support requirements
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Process of Problem Identification & Definition
• Identify Source Documents:– What is said about the problem, product,
system
• Identify Originating Requirements from Source Documentation– What originating requirements– What Functional requirements
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Ways to avoid being Wrong
• Scope & Bound the Problem – Identify the Needs, Objectives, and criteria
• Scope
– Identify the Parameters, Variables, and Constraints
• Bound
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Nomenclature
• Parameters: the factors that define alternatives & determine its behavior
i.e. the things that can be altered
• Variables are the things that change once the parameter change is in place– State variables that can be measured to define
system state
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
System Definition Matrix
Needs Objt Criteria Params Var Constrnt
Scope Bound
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Input/Output Matrix
Inputs Outputs
IntendedUnintnd UnintndIntended
ReqDef
Design
Production
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Exercise for Identification
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Steps/Perspectives for System Engineering (Formulation)
• Formulation of the System – Needs to be fulfilled– Requirements & Objectives– Constraints and Degrees of Freedom – Alternatives to above
• Value System Design – Identification of the objectives and goals that guide alternative
selection– Definition of multi-dimensional attributes or decision criteria– Identification and validation of objective measures
• System Synthesis– Generation of alternative course of action and associated measures
of effectiveness
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Action Reference Framework
• To (do something) to (something) somehow
• Action , object, modifier – Used to describe a process
Functional Decomposition is to develop a description of what the system must do – not necessarily tied to how the system must do it.
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Functional Flow Block Diagram
Action/Task
Action/Task
Action/Task
Action/Task
Action/Task
Boolean Operator
Action/Task
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Hierarchic Structure for Decomposition
• Sub Functions operate on input/output consistent with the higher levels of the hierarchy
• Models the flow of data or objects in a system
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Major Functional Techniques
• Structural Analysis Decision Technique (SADT)
• Integrated Definition Language (IDEF)– IDEF 0 functional decomposition– IDEF 1 informational decomposition
• Data Flow Diagrams/Control Diagrams
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
ICOM
Activity
Mechanism
Inputs
Control
Outputs
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Method of Analysis
• Shows roles of information and materials with respect to activity
• Each ICOM represents an activity or business step that can be broken down
• Inputs: information/material used to produce activity output
• Controls: Constraints on an activity• Mechanisms: That perform processing or provide
energy to the activity (people or machines as mechanisms)
• Output: The product of the activity
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Context Diagram
Activity
Mechanism
Inputs
Control
Outputs
A0 : Purpose : Viewpoint
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Steps in Functional Decomposition
1. Develop Context Diagram of Full System2. Decompose System to Sub-elements (ICOMS
fro all) 3. Define Business Rule/Model
1. AS-Is the descriptive scenario2. To-Be the future business or process model
4. Analysis of activities, gather costs, trace costs to activities, establish output measures, analyze costs
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Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering
Steps/Perspectives for System EngineeringAnalysis
• System Analysis & Modeling– Identification of the impacts and consequences
of alternative approaches to system solution– Identification of the quality, market, reliability,
cost, effectiveness, benefits, longevity, aesthetics… of alternative system solutions
• Iterative Refinement of Alternatives– Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter
Identification