What is MagLev?

• MagLev stands for Magnetic Levitation.• Magnetic forces lift, propel and guide a vehicle over a

guideway.• Utilizing special electrical power and control systems.• Uses electromagnets to push/pull train along

guideway.

Magnets

• Opposite attract, like poles repel.• North repels north, south attracts north.• Super fast electro-magnets switching poles

thousands of time per minute.• Propel the train as well as levitate it off the track.

Maglev Consist of Three parts1)Levitation2)Guidance3)Propulsion

Types of Maglev Trains

Based on the technique used for Levitation the are two types of Maglev trains

1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

1) In electrodynamic suspension (EDS), both the rail and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fields.

2) The basic Principle is based on electromagnetic Induction

3) The superconducting magnets move at a very high speed and magnetic field changes in the “8” shaped coils

4) The trick is that the magnets fixed in trains moves slightly below the center of “8” shaped coils so the flux changing at the lower half is more then the upper part

5) The magnetic pole of the lower half is same as that of the moving magnet so both repel Each other.

6) Upper part has a opposite polarity so it attract the moving magnet.

7) Both forces combine and produce the component of force that pulls the train in the upward Direction

• Current runs through a wire creates an electric field.

• Guideway constantly changes magnetic fields.• North vs. South Polarity

What is Electromagnets?

1)The coils in the beam propel the train in the forward direction.

2) Once the train is reached to a proper speed then due to the magnetic field changing in the “8” shaped coils north and south pole produce which produce upward Component of force and lift the train

3) The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils.

EDS System

4)This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

1) In electromagnetic Suspension train levitate above the steel rails due to the attraction between the opposite poles of magnets one in the guideway and the other in the undercarriage.

2)Distance Between the rail and the undercarriage must maintained 15mm.

3) Train also remain suspended in air when it is not moving .

4)Guidance Magnets Ensure that the train may not Collide with the rails During Motion.

5) Minor Changing Between the Magnets and the Rail Produces a Varying force and this force is very unstable do Complex electronic Feedback system is Necessary to maintain the accurate Distance.

6)The system varies the Current in electromagnets and Control the Magnetic force of attraction.

EMS system1)In EMS system electromagnetsAttract the track and the train levitate

2) Linear Motors are at the Center of The track which propel the train.

3) Gray area is Concrete and Blue area is Steel.

1)The Maglev's speed can vary from standstill to full operating speed by simply adjusting the frequency of the alternating current in the stator.

2) To bring the train to a full stop, the direction of the travelling field is reversed.

3) Even during braking, there isn't any mechanical contact between the stator and the rotor.

4)View of the Stator from bottom==

1) Onboard magnets and large margin between rail and train enable highest recorded train speeds (581 km/h)

2) Heavy load capacity

1) Strong magnetic fields onboard the train would make the train inaccessible to passengers with pacemakers or magnetic data storage media such as hard drives and credit card.

2) vehicle must be wheeled for travel at low speeds.

3) Magnetic Shielding is necessary .

1) Magnetic fields inside and outside the vehicle are less than EDS.

2) commercially available technology that can attain very high speeds (500 km/h).

3) No wheels needed.

1) The separation between the vehicle and the guideway must be constantly monitored and corrected by computer systems to avoid collision due to the unstable nature of electromagnetic attraction.

2) Vibration issues may occur.