magnetic dynamics of periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of...
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Magnetic dynamics of periodic and quasiperiodic
arrays of NiFe stripes
Filip Lisiecki
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Plan of presentation
• Introduction
• Subject of study and used methods
• Results
• Summary
2
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Introduction
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Motivation
4
Electronic Spintronic
Information carrier:
electron charge
Information carrier:
electron spin
jc js
GMR (Nobel Prize in 2007)
TMR
STT
…
Magnonic
Information carrier:
magnon
*
*(c) A. V. Chumak, TU Kaiserslautern
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Motivation
5
• Information carriers: magnons
(no electron flow, low energy
consumption)
• High operational frequency
(GHz, THz)
• Better miniaturization in
comparison to photonic
devices
• Integration with microwave
photonic and electronic devices
• Information as amplitude or
phase (parallel data
processing)
• Communication, processing and storage of information
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Motivation
6
Logic gates Magnonic transistor
8mm1.5mm
A. V. Chumak et al., Nat. Commun. 2014
A. Khitun et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2010
Currently realization of these kind of devices based on YIG in mm scale
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𝑀 - magnetization
𝐻𝑒𝑓𝑓 - effective magnetic
field
𝛾 –gyromagnetic ratio
7
Magnetization precession
1
𝛾
𝑑𝑀
𝑑𝑡= −𝑀(t) × 𝐻𝑒𝑓𝑓(𝑡)
+𝛼
𝑀𝑀 ×𝑑𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝛼 – damping coefficient
(Gilbert)
Landau-Lifshitz equation
*(c) D. Bozhko, AG Hillebrands, TU Kaiserslautern
*
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• Collective spins excitation
• Magnon - quasiparticle
• Energy
• Quasimomentum
• Mass
• Wave effects
• Much shorter wavelength
in comparison with
electromagnetic wave
8
Spin waves
𝜀 = ℏ𝜔
𝑝 = ℏ𝑘𝜆𝑘
*(c) D. Bozhko, AG Hillebrands, TU Kaiserslautern
*
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• Harmonic or pulsed magnetic field
• Ultrashort optical impulses
• Spin polarized current
• Coplanar waveguide (CPW)
[5]
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Spin waves excitation
BLS spectroscopy
Microstrip antenna
*(c) D. Bozhko, AG Hillebrands, TU Kaiserslautern
*
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Magnonic crystals
a
*(c) A. Chumak, TU Kaiserslautern
*
*
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Magnonic crystals
V. L. Zhang et al., APL 2011
• Stripes array: Co(200 nm)/Py(300 nm)
H = 37 mT/μ0
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Subject of studyand used methods
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• Fibonacci:
quasiperiodic
structure
• 𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2• A: 350 nm Py
(Ni80Fe20)
• B: 100 nm air
• Thickness 30 nm
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Fibonacci and periodic stripes array
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• Poorly known in the literature
• Stripes of Co and Py (UAM)
• Rich spin waves spectra
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Fibonacci stripes array
J. Rychły et al., PRB 2015
Fibonacci periodic
IDOS(fi) =
j=0
i
DOS fj
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Lithography process and lift-off
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Periodic and quasiperiodicstructures
Width: 349 nm Width: 352 nm (narrow)695 nm (wide)Permalloy
• 𝛼 = 0.008
• technological reasons
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Si
antenna
VNA-FMR antenna
G S G
Py
structures
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Vector network analyzer (VNA)
• Spin excitation with magnetic field around coplanar
waveguide (CPW) lines
• Frequency sweeping 2 GHz – 13 GHz
• H = const (-440 to +440 Oe)
• Ferromagnetic resonance in relation to frequency
and magnetic field
Probe tips
T. Schwarze, PhD
Thesis, TUM 2013
Hext
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VNA-FMR measurements
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VNA-FMR measurements
k
Hext
hrf
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Results
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Fibonacci structure
VNA-FMR
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Periodic structure
VNA-FMR
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Fibonacci structure
L-MOKE (UwB), minor loops
1
2
3
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Fibonacci structureVNA-FMR, MFM (UwB), minor loops
Hmin=-147 Oe1
Hmin=-99 Oe2
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Fibonacci structureVNA-FMR, MFM (UwB), minor loops
Hmin=-67 Oe3
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Periodic structure
L-MOKE (UwB), minor loops
1
2
3
4
5
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Periodic structureVNA-FMR, MFM (UwB), minor loops
Hmin=-177 Oe Hmin=-144 Oe1 2
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Periodic structureVNA-FMR, MFM (UwB), minor loops
Hmin=-111 Oe Hmin=-88 Oe3 4
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Periodic structureVNA-FMR, MFM (UwB), minor loops
Hmin=-55 Oe5
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Magnetization switching in stripes
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Periodic Fibonacci
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Magnetization switching in stripes
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-350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
M
/Ms
Field (Oe)
Periodic_5um_{xy}
Fibonacci_5um_{xy}
Simulations (M. Zelent - UAM)
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Simulations (UAM)
• Periodic
• Fibonacci
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Magnetization switching in stripes
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Magnetization switching in stripes
• g = 0.76 μm, 1.50 μm,
10 μm, ∞ (single)
• s = 5 or 10 μm
• thickness: 30 or 50 nm
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-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
M/M
s
Field (Oe)
Fibo 5um, 30nm, single
Per 5um, 30nm, single
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
M/M
s
Field (Oe)
Fibo 5um, 30nm, 0.76um
Per 5um, 30nm, 0.76um
L-MOKE (UwB)
Fibo/Per 5μm, 30nm, single Fibo/Per 5 μm, 30nm, gap 0.76 μm
Magnetization switching in stripes
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Magnetization switching in stripes
Periodic
Fibonacci
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-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
M/M
s
Field (Oe)
Fibo 5um, 50nm, single
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 10um
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 1.5um
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 0.76um
L-MOKE (UwB)
Magnetization switching in stripes
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Magnetization switching in stripes
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400-1,2
-1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
M/M
s
Field (Oe)
Fibo 5um, 50nm, single
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 10um
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 1.5um
Fibo 5um, 50nm, 0.76um
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L-MOKE (UwB)
Fibo 5um, 30nm, gap 1.5um Per 5um, 30nm, gap 1.5um
No clear switching pattern (defects?).
Magnetization switching in stripes
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• Periodic structures: visible acoustic mode, anti-parallel
configuration in MFM images and VNA-FMR spectra was observed
• Quasiperiodic structures: two coercive fields connected with
magnetization switching in stripes of different width (700 nm in
lower and 350 nm in higher fields), in VNA-FMR spectra acoustic
mode and additional, connected mostly with narrow stripes were
observed
• Different plateau slope in hysteresis loops for quasiperiodic and
periodic structures
• Reducing the gap between stripes array decreases interaction
between nanostripes
• Pattern in magnetization switching seen in simulations not
observed in experiment (defects?)
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Summary
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[1] A. V. Chumak, A. A. Serga, and B. Hillebrands, “Magnon
transistor for all-magnon data processing,” Nat. Commun., vol. 5, p.
4700, Aug. 2014.
[2] J. Ding, M. Kostylev, and A. O. Adeyeye, “Magnetic
hysteresis of dynamic response of one-dimensional magnonic
crystals consisting of homogenous and alternating width nanowires
observed with broadband ferromagnetic resonance,” Phys. Rev. B,
vol. 84, no. 5, Aug. 2011.
[3] V. V. Kruglyak, S. O. Demokritov, and D. Grundler,
“Magnonics,” J. Phys. Appl. Phys., vol. 43, no. 26, p. 264001, 2010.
[4] M. Krawczyk and D. Grundler, “Review and prospects of
magnonic crystals and devices with reprogrammable band
structure,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter, vol. 26, no. 12, p. 123202, Mar.
2014.
40
Bibliography
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Piotr Kuświk
Hubert Głowiński
Michał Matczak
Janusz Dubowik
Feliks Stobiecki
Piotr MazalskiAndrzej Maziewski
Justyna Rychły
Mateusz ZelentMaciej Krawczyk
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Thank you!