Magic Pen Energy Game(http://www.miniclip.com/games/en/)

Hydroelectric Video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htT_8sFJx1w)

Solar Power Video(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91UKEOLf-VM)

Solar Heating(http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/solar-how_solar_works.htm)

Solar Cooling(http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/heating_cooling/evaporative.html)

EnergyEnergy

MatterMatterVirginia Department of EducationVirginia Department of Education

Standards of LearningStandards of LearningGrades 3-5Grades 3-5

Hollins Elementary Science Institute for TeachersHollins Elementary Science Institute for TeachersHollins UniversityHollins UniversityJune 30, 2008June 30, 2008Dr. Daniel R. DerringerDr. Daniel R. Derringer

Standard 3.3

The student will investigate and understand that objects are made of materials that can be described by their physical properties. Key concepts include

a) objects are made of one or more materials;

b) materials are composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification;

c) physical properties remain the same as the material is reduced in size.

Relevant StandardsRelevant Standards

Standard 5.4

The student will investigate and understand that matter is anything that has mass, takes up space, and occurs as a solid, liquid, or gas. Key concepts include

a) atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds;

b) mixtures including solutions; and

c) the effect of heat on the states of matter.

Relevant StandardsRelevant Standards

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

M ix tu re P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity.

Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Water

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Water

Air

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Water

Air

Brass

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Water

Air

Brass

Bronze

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Sugar

Salt

Water

Air

Brass

Bronze

Granite

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MIXTURE

H e tero ge n eo us H o m o ge n eo us

M ix tu re P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HETEROGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Air

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Air

Brass

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Air

Brass

Bronze

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Coffee

Coca-Cola

Milk

Air

Brass

Bronze

Granite

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

HETEROGENEOUS

H e tero ge n eo us H o m o ge n eo us

M ix tu re

C o m p ou nd E le m e nt

P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity.

Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.

Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Time-Life Periodic Table of the Elements

Lenntech Periodic Table

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

H e tero ge n eo us H o m o ge n eo us

M ix tu re

C o m p ou nd

A tom

E le m e nt

P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity.

Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.

Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

H e tero ge n eo us H o m o ge n eo us

M ix tu re

C o m p ou nd

E le c tro n (s) N u c le us

A tom

E le m e nt

P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity.

Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.

Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element.

Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus.

Nucleus – The very small, very dense, positively charged portion of the atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

H e tero ge n eo us H o m o ge n eo us

M ix tu re

C o m p ou nd

E le c tro n (s)

P ro to n (s) N e u tro n (s)

N u c le us

A tom

E le m e nt

P u re S ub s ta n ce

M a tte r

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Glossary†

Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity.

Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.

Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element.

Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus.

Nucleus – The very small, very dense, positively charged portion of the atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons.

Proton – A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom.

Neutron – An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Isotopes – Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons.

†Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 2003.

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

Approximately how many atoms of copper are present in a 3-g pre-1982 penny?

atomic weight of copper:

63.546 g (for every mole of copper atoms)

One mole of anything is equivalent to 6.02 X 1023

? Cu atoms=

63.546 g Cu 3 g Cu

6.02 X 1023 Cu atoms

? Cu atoms is approximately 3 X 1022

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions

How high would a stack of pennies be if it contained 3 X 1022 pre-1982 pennies?

The height of one penny is approximately 1 mm.

The stack would be 3 X 1022 mm high.

What is this height in miles?

3 X 1022 mm1 cm

10 mm

1 in

2.54 cm 12 in

1 ft 1 mi

5,280 ft2 X 1016 miX X XX =

The average distance to the moon is approximately 240,000 mi.

8 X 1010 (stacks)2 X 1016 mi

240,000 mi=

There are approximately 7 X 109 people in this world.

8 X 1010 stacks

6 X 109 people10 stacks per person (roughly)=

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions

Perimeter = 1.7 mi

Circumference = 1.7 mi

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions

C = x D

1.7 mi = 3.14 x D

D = 0.54 mi

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions

The diameter of an average size atom is approximately 10 -8 m.

The diameter of an average size nucleus is approximately 10 -13 m.

Given these magnitudes, what would the diameter of a nucleus be, if the the diameter of the atom were 0.54 mi?

10-13 m

10-8 m

? mi

0.54 mi=

? mi 5.4 X 10-6 mi=

5.4 X 10-6 mi10 mm

1 cm

2.54 cm

1 in1 ft

12 in5,280 ft

1 mi9 mm (roughly)X X XX =

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions

The approximate mass of a piece of nuclear matter this size would be

250 million tons!

Atomic DimensionsAtomic Dimensions