magellanic cloud planetary nebulae as probes of stellar evolution and populations
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Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae as probes of stellar evolution and populations. Letizia Stanghellini. Magellanic Cloud PNe. The known distances, low field reddening, relative proximity, and metallicity range make them Absolute probes of post-AGB evolution - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Planetary nebulae beyond the Milky Way - May 19-21, 2004
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Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae as probes of stellar evolution and populations
Letizia Stanghellini
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Magellanic Cloud PNe
The known distances, low field reddening, relative proximity, and metallicity range make them
Absolute probes of post-AGB evolution
Benchmarks for extragalactic PN populations
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Probes of post-AGB evolution
• Nebular analysis• Morphology• chemistry
• Links to central stars (CSs)• Transition time• Winds
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Benchmarks for extragalactic PN populations
• PNe and UCHII regions
• Luminosity distribution and metallicity
• PNe types in the PNLF
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PN morphology
· Depends on the formation and dynamic evolution of the PN, on the evolution of the central star and of the stellar progenitor, and on the environment.
· From Galactic PNe:· Round, Elliptical, Bipolar [includes bipolar core
and multipolar], and Point-symmetric· Bipolar PNe are located in the Galactic plane, have
high N, He, indication of massive CSs: remnant of 3-8 M stars?
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Round PNe (R) are a minority (22 % of all Galactic PNe with studied morphology)
49% elliptical (E)
17% bipolar (or multi-polar) (B)9% have an equatorial enhancement, or ring (lobe-less bipolar, or bipolar cores) (BC)
3% point-symmetric
Sym
metric | A
sym
metric
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HST and spatial resolution
LMC SMP 10HST STIS
-----3 arcsec -------
------------35 arcsec ----------------------
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_48
61
H
_49
59
[O III]
_50
07
[O
III]
_63
00
[O
I] 658
4 [N
II]6
56
3 H
6
54
8 [N
II] 6
73
2 [S
II]6
71
6 [S
II]
Slitless Spectra of LMC SMP 16 G430M (4818—5104) and G750M (6295—6867)
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Round
Elliptical
Bipolar
Point-symmetric
Galaxy LMC SMCSym
metric | A
sym
metric
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Morphological distribution
LMC SMC
Round R 29 % 35 %
Elliptical E 17 % 29 %
R+E (symm.) 46 % 64 %
Bipolar B 34 % 6 %
Bipolar core BC
17 % 24 %
B+BC (asymm.)
51 % 30 %
Point-symmetric
3 % 6 %
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What is the physical origin of the equatorial disks?
• stellar rotation? Maybe associated with• a strong magnetic field? Garcia-Segura 97 (single magnetic WD are more massive than non-magnetic WDs! Wickramasinge & Ferrario 2000)• Binary evolution of the progenitor (CE)? Morris 81; Soker 98
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Chemistry
· PNe enrich the ISM · He, C, N, O abundances are linked to the evolution
of the progenitors· C-rich for massive progenitors (MZAMS < 3 Msun)· He- and N-rich (and C-poor) if MZAMS > 3 Msun
· Ar, S, Ne are invariant during the evolution of stars in this mass range they are signature of the protostellar ambient, thus test previous evolutionary history
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Primordial elements, LMC
O Round
* Elliptical
Bipolar core
Bipolar
LMC HII regions (average)
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Primordial elements, LMC
O Round
* Elliptical
Bipolar core
Bipolar
LMC HII regions (average)
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LMC PN morphology and the products of stellar evolution
O Round
* Elliptical
Bipolar core
Bipolar
LMC HII regions (average)
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SMP16
SMP 95
SMP 34
Si IV N IV C IV] He II
Decre
asin
g e
xcita
tion cla
ss --->
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SMP16
SMP 95
SMP 34
C III ] C II]
[Ne IV]
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Optical AND UV morphology
C III]1908 C II] 2327 [Ne IV] 2426 nebular
continuum LMC SMP 95
Broad band [O III] 5007 [N II] H [N
II]
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UV spectra fitting
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P-Cygni profiles
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Wind momentum vs. luminosity
See p
oste
r by A
. Arrie
ta
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Transition time
· Transition time (ttr) is measured from the envelope ejection quenching (EEQ) and the PN illumination; it is regulated by wind and/or nuclear evolution
· MeR (residual envelope mass at EEQ) determines ttr
dyn =DPN/vexp represent the dynamic PN age. If DPN is measured on main shell, dyn tracks time from EEQ
dyn =ttr+ tev (tev= time after PN illumination, corresponding to evolutionary time if tracks have zero point at illumination)
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Dealing with unsynchronized clocks
· ttr is an essential parameter in post-AGB population synthesis (e.g., PNLF high luminosity cutoff, and UV contribution from post-AGB stars in galaxies)
· Mass-loss at TP-AGB and beyond not completely understood, and Me
R now known· Only way to constraint ttr is observationally
· > Magellanic PNe offer the first direct estimates of transition time
· Assumptions: no acceleration of shells; He-tracks scaled to H-burning tracks
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dyn and tev
LMC
SMC
Round: symm. PNe (R,E)
Square: asymm. PNe (B,BC,P)
H-burning central stars
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Distribution of ttr in MC PNe
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MeR=1e-3 Me
R=2e-3
MeR=5e-3 Me
R=1e-2
Data
LMC PNe SMC Pne
Modelstwind
tnucl
ttr
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Total mass loss (IMFMR)Data: optically thin LMC and
SMC PNeHydro models:
solid line =PN shells broken line=outer halos
--> To constrain IMFMR we need to measure mass in PN halos (and in CSs)
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Importance of spatially-resolved PN populations
· We sampled ~50 (+30) LMC and ~30 SMC PNe, chosen among the brightest known (based on on H and [O III] 5007 fluxes )
· All LMC PN candidates are indeed PNe · ~10% of the SMC PN candidates are H II
regions
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MA 1796 MA 1797 MG 2
Log F C 1.53 ... 1.4
Size [arcsec] 3 11 3.5
Size [pc] 0.85 3.1 0.98
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Observed distributions of I(5007)/I(Hb)LMC
SMC
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Cloudy models
AGB
TP-AGB
Super-windtrans.PN + CS Nuclear reactions end
Cooling
WD
Teff
L
Galaxy
LMC
SMC
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33SMC GalaxyLMC
PN cooling in different galaxies
Our HST data:
LMC
<I(5007)/I(H)>=9.4 (3.1)
<I(1909)/I(H)>=5 (5)
SMC
<I(5007)/I(H)>=5.7 (2.5)
UV: Cycle 13
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PNe in the PNLF
Open circles: R
Asterisks: E
Triangles: BC
Squares: B
Filled circles: P
O round; * elliptical; bipolar core; bipolar
LMC SMC
Fain
t---
----
--->
bri
gh
t
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CSs in PNLF
LMC
SMC
Fain
t-----------> b
right
SMC HLCO
LMC HLCO
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Summary, and the future
• HST fundamental for shapes/ radii, but also for identification (misclassified H II regions in SMC but not in LMC metallicity effect?)
• Same morphology types in Galaxy, LMC, SMC, but more asymmetric PNe in LMC than SMC different stellar generations?
• Asymmetric LMC PNe have high Ne, S, Ar--> signature of younger progenitors
• Similar UV and optical morphology
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Summary, cont.
• Carbon higher for symmetric PNe, STIS UV spectra of LMC PNe to be analyzed; SMC PNe in Cycle 13
• P-Cygni profiles as signature of CS winds, distance indicator for galactic PNe
• Transition time constrained from observation enlarge sample, hydro+stellar modeling
• IMFM relation constraints• [O III]/Hflux ratio of a PN population variant
with host galaxy
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•Symmetric PNe populate the high luminosity parts of the PNLF•High mass CSs populate the faint end of the LF, sample to be extended
Summary, cont.
·