1. Magazine Institutions

2. IPC Media (formerly International Publishing Corporation), a wholly owned subsidiary of Time inc., is a consumer magazine and digital publisher in the UK, with a large portfolio selling over 350 million copies each year. IPC media own music magazines NME and Uncut. IPC Media 3. The Bauer Media Group (Bauer Verlagsgruppe) is a large German publishing company based in Hamburg, which operates in 15 countries worldwide. Since the company was founded in 1875, it has been privately-owned and under management by the Bauer family. It was formerly called Heinrich Bauer Verlag KG, abbreviated to HBV and usually shortened to H. Bauer. Worldwide circulation of Bauer Media Group's magazine titles amounts to 38 million magazines a week. The Bauer Media Group owns music magazines such as Q and Kerrang! Bauer Media Group