madina book 1 - handouts

39
HANDOUTS For Madina Book 1 Prepared by The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an (Toronto) (NO Copy rights reserved) Subject Page Parts of the Speech ……………………. 1 The Arabic Alphabet …………………. 2 Arabic Nouns Have Endings …………. 3 Nominal Sentence ……………………... 4 Cases Exercises ………………………... 5 Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………... 6 Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an … 8 Pronouns ………………………………. 9 Pronouns-01-solved …………………… 10 Pronouns-01 …………………………… 12 Mudafu Mudafu Alei …………………. 14 Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an … 15 Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples ……. 16 Phrases ………………………………… 17 Feminine Gender ……………………… 18 Adjectives ……………………………… 19 Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……... 22 Grammatical Analysis ………………… 23 Dual and Sound Plurals ………………. 27 Broken Plurals ………………………… 29 Singular-Dual-Plural …………………. 33 Numbers ……………………………….. 35 Types of Khabar ………………………. 37 Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ………. 38

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Page 1: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

HANDOUTS

For

Madina Book 1 Prepared by

The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an

(Toronto)

(NO Copy rights reserved)

Subject Page

Parts of the Speech ……………………. 1

The Arabic Alphabet …………………. 2

Arabic Nouns Have Endings …………. 3

Nominal Sentence ……………………... 4

Cases Exercises ………………………... 5

Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………... 6

Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an … 8

Pronouns ………………………………. 9

Pronouns-01-solved …………………… 10

Pronouns-01 …………………………… 12

Mudafu Mudafu Alei …………………. 14

Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an … 15

Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples ……. 16

Phrases ………………………………… 17

Feminine Gender ……………………… 18

Adjectives ……………………………… 19

Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……... 22

Grammatical Analysis ………………… 23

Dual and Sound Plurals ………………. 27

Broken Plurals ………………………… 29

Singular-Dual-Plural …………………. 33

Numbers ……………………………….. 35

Types of Khabar ………………………. 37

Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ………. 38

Page 2: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Parts of the Speech.doc Page 1

Parts of the Speech

In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:

Noun Pronoun

Verb Adjective

Adverb Preposition

Conjunction Interjection

In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:

������� =� Noun ���� =� Verb ��� �� =� Particle

But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.

Parts of Speech in Arabic Language

Particle ��� ��� Verb ���� Noun ������

Preposition �= � ������ ��� Verb (same as in English) Noun� = ������

Conjunction� = ������ ������ Pronoun �= � ������

Adjective �= ����������� �!

Adverb� = ��� �"

Interjection� = #�� $��������

Page 3: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

The Arabic Alphabet.doc Page 2

The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs

The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of

Alif, are consonants.

Consonants means it has speech sound.

There are three vowel signs in Arabic.

FATAH ����� denoting “a” e.g. �� = da �� = ra

KASRAH ����� denoting “i” e.g. � = di �� = ri

DUMMA ����� denoting “u” e.g. � = du � = ru

SUKUN ����� it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.

A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.

In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.

����� (Noun) ����� (Verb) ������ (Particle)

Arabic ����� includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Arabic ����� is co-extensive with English verbs.

All words besides ����� and ����� are ������ - Particles.

����� (noun) may be indefinite ��������� or definite ���������� � .

There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the.

Indefiniteness of ����� is indicated by !�"�#�$�% ( nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the

vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.

Definiteness is indicated by &'�� prefixed to the noun.

�()�*+ a book ���,�- a pen

()�*�&.� the book ��,�/&.� the pen

Since ����� cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, !�"�#�$�% and &'�� do not coexist.

�()�*�&.� and ���,�/&.� will be incorrect.

Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e. �012�3 4�0.)�54�0�"�6� . Even though there is a

tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite.

Page 4: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc Page 3

Arabic nouns have ENDINGSto show their functions in a sentence.

Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we

go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at

home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.

In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands.

Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject

( Nominative case or ��������� ending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or ������ � ending )

or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or ���������ending ).

There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).

1. Dammah ������������������������������������� ���2. Fatah �!��������������!��"���!��������� ���3. Kasrah #����$������%��"��#�����$�� ���

1. When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH

It is said to be ��������� (it indicates Nominative Case)

&'�()*+��, ��-�( . &���$/�������0��1����2 �&�$3�45���67����"��0�89:

2. When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH

It is said to be ������ � (it indicates Accusative Case)

&�;����<������=����>��!��"�?@A����/�BA &��C��� �>��!�D���E��F9� &�$3$�45���G��!��"��,�HA�

3. When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH

It is said to be ��������� (it indicates Genitive Case)

�I��J8�K$��/�B�LMA �I��J8�#N��H�LMA &��$��H��5���O)>��(�>��5�� &�%��"�������J8

Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the

ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN

THE SENTENCE.

Page 5: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Nominal Sentence.doc Page 4

Nominal Sentence ������������ ���������� What is a sentence?

Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense.

Muhammad is a student.

Hamid is sick.

The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place

or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the

predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.

In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and “is a student” and “is sick” are

predicates.

In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.

The one which begins with a noun � ��������� is called nominal sentence ����������� �������� And the one which begins with a verb � ������� is called verbal sentence ��������� ������������We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.

A simple nominal sentence is of this form:

Zayd is learned. ������� ����� Fatimah is learned. �����!����������� " The boy is intelligent. #$�%�& ����'���The girl is beautiful. ���������( �)�*+,��� Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:

Subject � �-���.�,����� � and Predicate � �/�,�0��� �

The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called � ��-���.�,�1� subject, and the other part

which says something about it is called �� ��/�,�2� predicate.

Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun, either a proper noun like Zayd and

Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like ������'��� and ��)�*+,��� or a pronoun.

The predicate is usually indefinite, and agrees in gender with the subject.

Both the subject and the predicate are marfu �3�'���/�1� , that is, it will have one dumma or tanween

(double) dumma.

Page 6: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Cases Exercises.doc Page 5

Put the following nouns into their respective “cases”. First as indefinite then as definite nouns;

then change them into feminine nouns and do like wise. Do as shown in the examples.

FEMININE MASCULINE

Genitive��������

Accusative����� ��

Nominative

������� �Genitive��������

Accusative����� ��

Nominative

���������������� �������� �������� ������� ��������� �������

����� ���!�" �#��$� �%&�'� �����( ���)�( �*+��,� �-�!�. �/012.�-

��������34 2�������34 ��������34 +������34 ������34 �������34

Page 7: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 6

Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb ������������� ���������������������Group I - I Group I - A Group U - U Group A - A Group A - I Group A - U

������ !�"��#� �$���%�&�'��#� �(���) ��*��#� �+���,�-�.��#� �/�������0��#� �1�����2�3��#�� !�"����4 � !5�6 ��%�&�'�4 %�&!�6 ��) ��*�4 ) �78�6 ��,�-�.�4 ,�-7��6 ������0�4 ���9�6 ����2�3�4 � 2:�6

He

thought �� !�"� He heard �%�&�' He became

noble �) ��*� He

opened �,�-�.� He struck

or hit �����0� He helped ���2�3He

inherited �;�<�= He

understood �.�>�? He moved away �@ �� He went ���A�B� He sat �C�D�E� He wrote ���-�*

He played ����� He became larger,

bigger �� F�* He

bowed

down �%�*�< He

washed ���!�G He entered ���H��He

memorized,

protected �I���" He

approached �� ��J� He raised �%�.�< He

returned �%�E�< He seeked ���D�KHe drank �����L He did ����. He

descended �M�N�3 He prostrated �@���'

He

laughed �O�5�0� He

searched �P�5��� He broke ���!�* He killed ���-�JHe

became happy

�����. He cut �%�Q�J He knew �+���R He studied �$�<��He rode ���*�< He

gathered �%�&�E He lied ���S�* He lived �T�8�'He

worked ���&�R He

prevented �%�:�U He was

patient ���F�V He

thanked ���8�LHe knew �>�D�R He

explained �����L He

triumphed ,

overpowered ���D�G He cooked �W�F�K

He showed

mercy upon �>�"�< He

succeeded �,���3 He carried ���&�" He created �X�D�HHe

followed �%�F�Y He

benefited �%���3 He looked ���Z�3He

began ���@�� He left �(���YHe asked �M�[�' He

attended ���9�"He read �����J He failed ���'�<

He

provided ,

bestowed or

blessed

�\�]�<He

remembered

or mentioned ���*�B

He

worshipped �@�F�RHe came

out or

exited �̂ ���H

He

ordered ���U�He ate ���*��

He took �S�H��

Page 8: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 7

The Conjugation of �the Past Tense - ����0#�&7�������7��

Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action (���R#��7�� ) is ALWAYS present. Either

attached or in its hidden form.

���R#��7�� Suffix

He wrote _��-�-! U NIL ���-�* �� A

They (2 men) wrote ‘Alif’ of

Dual `�:����� a���� ���a����� � #�F�-�* #�& A

They (more than 2 men) wrote ‘Waw’ of

Plural �b�R#�&�c��=�= =�=�=� �= �� F�-�* > A

She wrote ‘Ta’ is the

sign of

feminine �Pd�3[�-���ef#�Y _��-�-! U g h�F�-�* ���A

They (2 women) wrote ���a����� �g�i� #�-�F�-�* #�& A

They (more than 2 women) wrote ‘Nun’ of the

women

kind �j��!�:����1� 3 �1 �1 �TF�-�* �T A

You (man) wrote �g �g �hF�-�* �h3�

You (2 men) wrote #�& Y #�& Y #�& -F�-�* #�& -3��

You (more than 2 men) wrote > Y > Y > -F�-�* > -3�

You (woman) wrote �g �g �hF�-�* �h3�

You (2 women) wrote #�& Y #�& Y #�& -F�-�* #�& -3�

You (more than 2 women) wrote �T Y �T Y �T -F�-�* �T -3�

I (male or female) wrote g g �-�* hF #�3�

We (male or female) wrote #�3 #�3 #�:F�-�* T5�3

_��-�-! U� - hidden, implied, understood, tacit. ���R#��7��� - The subject, i.e., the doer of the action.

The a��� of the third form (> A) is not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called �b�6#�J��7��� a���� (the

alif of protection). It ‘protects’ verbs like �=�S�H�� (they took) where the = is not joined to the body of the

verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction = meaning ‘and’.

Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached ( k��2�- U�_�d�&�0 ). Only in two forms, i.e., �� A

and ���A it can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence.

Page 9: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur'an.doc Page 8

References from the Noble Quran for ���������������� �

���by, at, in

���belongs to,

for

���away from

���in

���to

����from

����on

2:8 And there are people (from men are) who say,

“We believe in God and (in) the Last Day” ����������� �������������������������������������������������17:1 From the Inviolable House of Worship [at

Mecca] to the far distant Place of Worship [at

Jerusalem] ���������� �!"�#��������������$����� �!"�#������

24:58 before the prayer of daybreak ��!%&�����'(�%)�*��+,%�����24:58 and after the prayer of night fall ��-.�/�����'(�%)�*�� /�0�������2:10 In their hearts is a disease �12�����3�4�0��)������2:17 and leaves them in utter darkness 56��#�)�7�����384%9���:��2:27 and spread corruption in the earth �2;��������%<�8 �"�&8���2:256 There shall be no coercion in matters of faith ���= ��������>����9?�@2:284 Unto God belongs all that is in the heavens and

all that is in the earth. �2;����������������6��(#�"���������������3:6 He is Who shapes you in the wombs ���A;��������3�98;=���8��BCD�����8E3:46 and he shall speak unto men in his cradle � 4�#����������������83F)%G8���3:85 and in the life to come he shall be among (from)

the lost ������H�I��������'����@��������8E��

5:41 Theirs shall be (to them belongs) ignominy in

this world, and (to them belongs) awesome suffering

in the life to come

�1J�%C�K��'����@���������������L�1BM����� NO �������������13 �P�K

5:54 who strive hard in God’s cause �����+ �,�H�����%<�8 �E��!8�

Page 10: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Pronouns.doc Page 9

��������� and ����� �� Form ��������� Form

Pronouns of Nasb and Jarr

the attached form

����������������

Pronouns of Raf’

the separate form

������������������Nasb ������ means they are ���������

Jarr ��� means they are ������ �Raf’ ��!"�� means they are ���������

�# ���$%���$ %���$�&�$ �&�$%�$ �'�$%���$ %���$�(�$ �(�$�) �*��+%���, %������+��&�, �&����+-) �*��+

%���, %������+�(�, �(����+�./� %��+%�� �(�0��

* this is known as 1&23�4����"56�78%9 – Ya of the first person�

Kinds of Pronouns ��:%����7 (Plural) / �������� (Singular)

Pronouns are either separate ����������"56 �or attached ��������"56� .

The separate pronouns, also called

detached pronouns,������������������ are

independent and are not attached to any

other word.

The attached pronouns ����������������are not independent, but are always

attached to other words.

In the beginning of our studies we will

learn the basic forms. As we progress we

will learn them in greater details

in book III �;<356�=8%�>�"?1@�.

The pronouns are �'1��A�� (fixed), i.e.,

they are not declinable. They remain

stationary in one FORM.

But they do have one fixed form when

they are ����������� and another fixed form

when they are ��������� or � ������ .

For ��������� and ����� �� there is

only one form for attached pronouns

which we will study here.

Page 11: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 10

Please note: When a word ends with �� and we attach to it the pronoun �� (of the speaker) it results in ��

����������������� ���������������������� �

���������(plural)�

���� ����

(singular)�

Pronouns�

�!�"�#�$�% ��!��&�'���&�( �

�!��)*�$�+

�,��-on

�*. �in

-��/�to

�!�0from

�*1�.�#���234���5�!� �in Muhammad’s

book

=

�*.��2�6����7 �

in his book

�234���5�!��#���Muhammad’s

book

=�

�2�7�6��� �his book� in the accusative

and genitive

cases

in the

nominative

case

�7� ���, �7� �* �7� ���/ �7�"�! �7�6����2��.�* �7�6����2 �8 �$�9����:� ���, ����:� �* ����:� ���/ ����:�"�! ����:�6����2��.�* ����:�6����2 ����9 ����9��:� ���, ��:� �* �:� ���/� ��:�"�! ��:�6����2��.�* ��:�6����2 ��9 ��9��:� ���, ��:� �* ��:� ���/ ��:�"�! ��:�6����2��.�* ��:�6����2 ��9 �.�9����:� ���, ����:� �* ����:� ���/ ����:�"�! ����:�6����2��.�* ����:�6����2� ����9 ����9�0�:� ���, �0�:� �* �0�:� ���/ �0�:�"�! �0�:�6����2��.�* �0�:�6����2� �0�9 �0�9�;� ���, �;� �* �;� ���/ �;�"�! �;�6����2��.�* �;�6����2� �< �=�>?���) � ���, ���) � �* ���) � ���/ ���) �"�! ���) �6����2��.�* ���) �6����2� ���)2 ������>?��) � ���, �) � �* �) � ���/ �) �"�! ���2��.�*�) �6� �) �6����2� �)2 ����>?�;� ���, �;� �* �;� ���/ �;�"�! �;�6����2��.�* �;�6����2� �< �=�>?���) � ���, ���) � �* ���) � ���/ ���) �"�! ���) �6����2��.�* ���) �6����2� ���)2 ������>?�0) � ���, �0) � �* �0) � ���/ �0) �"�! �0) �6����2��.�* �0) �6����2� �0)2 �0���>?�.���, �.�* �.���/� �.@"�! �.�6����2��.�* �.�6����2� �� ��>?��"� ���, ��"� �* ��"� ���/ ��"�! ��"�6����2��.�* ��"�6����2� ��> �0�5�>

Page 12: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 11

���������(plural)�

���� ����

(singular)�

Pronouns�

�!�"�#�$�% ��!��&�'���&�( �

�!��)*�+�$�A�!with

�4�"�,at, by, near, at

the time when

�0�,�from, off,

about,

away from,

concerning

1B6�with, by,

in, at, on

1B�for

�*�.�=� �6�34���5�!�in Muhammad’s

house

=

�*�.��� �6��7 in his house�

�=� �634���5�!� Muhammad’s

house

=

��� �6�7his house� in the

accusative

and genitive

cases

in the

nominati

ve

case

�7�C�! �8�4�"�, �7�"�, �7�6 �7�� �7��� �6��.�* �7��� �6� �8 �$�9

����:�C�! ����9�4�"�, ����:�"�, ����:�6 ����:�� ����:��� �6��.�* ����:��� �6� ����9 ����9

��:�C�! ��9�4�"�, ��:�"�, ��:�6 ��:�� ��:��� �6��.�* ��:��� �6� ��9 ��9

��:�C�! ��9�4�"�, ��:�"�, ��:�6 ��:�� ��:��� �6��.�* ��:��� �6� ��9 �.�9

����:�C�! ����9�4�"�, ����:�"�, ����:�6 ����:�� ����:��� �6��.�* ����:��� �6� ����9 ����9

�0�:�C�! �0�9�4�"�, �0�:�"�, �0�:�6 �0�:�� �0�:��� �6��.�* �0�:��� �6� �0�9 �0�9

�;�C�! �,�<�4�" �;�"�, �;�6 �;�� �;��� �6��.�* �;��� �6� �< �=�>?

���) �C�! ���)2�4�"�, ���) �"�, ���) �6 ���) �� ���) ��� �6��.�* ���) ��� �6� ���)2 ������>?�

�) �C�! �)2�4�"�, �) �"�, �) �6 �) �� �) ��� �6��.�* �) ��� �6� �)2 ����>?

�;�C�! �<�4�"�, �,�;�" �;�6 �;�� �;��� �6��.�* �;��� �6� 1< �=�>?

���) �C�! ���)2�4�"�, ���) �"�, ���) �6 ���) �� ���) ��� �6��.�* ���) ��� �6� ���)2 ������>?

�0) �C�! �0)2�4�"�, �0) �"�, �0) �6 �0) �� �0) ��� �6��.�* �0) ��� �6� �0)2 �0���>?

�.�C�! ���4�"�, @"�,�. �.�6 �.�� �.��� �6��.�* �.��� �6� �� ��>?

��"�C�! ��>�4�"�, ��"�, ��"�6 ��"�� ��"��� �6��.�* ��"��� �6� ��> �0�5�>

Page 13: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Pronouns-01.doc Page 12

���������(plural)

�������

(singular)Pronouns

� ������� � ���������

� �������

�����on

��� in

����to

� ��from

�� �!���"#$%&��'� in Muhammad’s

book

=

����#!(��"�)

in his book

�#$%&��'� ����"Muhammad’s

book

=

�#�)�(��" �his book

in the accusative

and genitive

cases

in the

nominative

case

�* ���+����+ ����+�,�+ �,�+��+ ���+����+ ����+&��+ &��+�- �.�/0

����# ����"�/0�,�# �,�"�/0�- �.�/0

����# ����"�/0&��# &��"�/0

�1 ��/0��/ ���'�/

Please note: When a word ends with �1 and we attach to it the pronoun �1 (of the speaker) it results in &1222�13�14!,5��6�"��7�89:��;222<=&1

Page 14: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Pronouns-01.doc Page 13

���������(plural)

�������

(singular)Pronouns

� ������� � ���������

� ��������>� with

�%����at, by, near, at

the time when

����from, off,

about,

away from,

concerning

?(with, by,

in, at, on

?�for

�����.���($%&��'� in Muhammad’s

house

=

�����"���(�) in his house

�.���($%&��'� Muhammad’s

house

=

�"���(�)his house

in the

accusative

and genitive

cases

in the

nominati

ve

case

�* ���+

����+ ����+

�,�+ �,�+

��+ ���+

����+ ����+

&��+ &��+

�- �.�/0

����# ����"�/0

�,�# �,�"�/0

- �.�/0

����# ����"�/0

&��# &��"�/0

�1 ��/0

��/ ���'�/

Page 15: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Mudafu Mudafu Alei.doc Page 14

The Possessive (or Genitive) Case ��������������������� ������� More Examples from Qur’an and Hadith

���������� ������� �� ����������� ������������������������������ ������������������ ����� !� �� �����"�#��

����$�����%!�&�'�(���� ���)�������*%���� ���+��$,��-$.�� /01��2���!��34$������5�6���� �+��$7�6$8����!�9�:�;���#�����%�<�#��=���$��>� �����#�?��@)�A�

����������=�1B�&���� ������� ��=C����� �������������"�9�7���� �����"�#�=�1B�&����������1��������� ��@)�A ���%!�D$E��FG�������

�����H�.��=5��$I�#� =%!�"�>�$J�K�7����%!�&�'��������L�E����H�.��<M�� $F!�6� N��O?���#��F!�P��1Q����

�+��*������������R$�!������M�� ����������=5��$I�#�����%!�6$S���T�������U� V��H�����.��53�$9����C���:������W!1X���O%���U� $0��$YZ�����#���[���!�� O���������W!1X����\���]�U� ����W!1X����R$����U�

$���$9����������$��9�B�̂ ���������� $_���8������$̀�2�ab3�� �c��E����de�]��\���]e���3Ef<������H3.��������B�S��g!#O�������H3.���?�U�

Page 16: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Mudafu Mudafu Alei From Qur'an.doc Page 15

References from the Noble Quran for ���������� ����� ��� ������ 114:1 Say you, I seek refuge in the Lord of all

mankind. ��������� ����������� �!110:1 When the help of Allah comes "#���$ %&'� (�����97:3 The Night of Power is better than a thousand

months. )��* +�,�����-�./��� 0�1�2�3����4�5����78:37 From Him Who is the Lord of the universe

and the earth and all that is in between them. � �* ��� �� . ��6�17���8�� ��9���� 112:38 That is a grace of Allah upon us and upon

mankind. �������:5��� ����5 �"#�� ���;�-�. <����85:10 and for them is the torment of fire �=�>�� ?������@ ��A*�� �2:39 They are the people of the hell. �1������� ?�B�� <�C�����24:35 Allah is the light of the heavens and the

earth. �6�1&7� ��8��D� 9��1�%�E5��50:42 This is the day of coming forth from the

graves. �F���G���H�� > <����7:73 This is the she camel of Allah. "#��4�!� %�I�@ J9:30 and the Christians said “Masih (Christ) is the

son of Allah”. "#�-��KL��"9 ����MN 1� $�����O����! �6:127 For them is the home of safety. �HP�9��1�Q�A*��39:10 and Allah’s earth is spacious. R4 S�T� �"#�6�1�� �48:29 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. "#��U��T 1/2�� ?.2:252 These are the verses (Signs, Portents) of

Allah. "#�8�>V <�5�W10:25 and Allah calls towards the home of peace. �HPX9���1� QY�������2 >Z#� �40:55/77 Therefore have patience (O Muhammad).

Lo (surely,certainly)! The promise of Allah is true. [= \"#� 2�� �E]�����̂�B_;

Page 17: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples.doc Page 16

Some Complex Examples of ���������� ������ Please analyze them

����������� ������������������

��������������������������

�������!"�#��$����%�&�'�(��

Page 18: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Phrases.doc Page 17

����������� �� The Phrase

������������������������������������������ !"

Adverbial Phrase

(adverb followed by a noun or pronoun)

�����������#��$�%��$�����&�������������� !"

Prepositional Phrase

(preposition followed by a noun or pronoun)

������Adverb

%��$�����&Preposition

�'���(in front�

�)�*�+above

,�+in

-�to

�.�!from

/���0on

�12��3behind�

�4�5�6under

78!by

7�!for

�.�0away from

9���*�:�;�0�<����=>��)�*�+"� 9?�@�ABC���� D��E��!"�

9F<���� !G�HF<�������4��� ��'���("� 9FI�$���4��� �,�+"�

9�����J�K�L2��H�<���=�=@��4�5�6"� 9F��������$M��0�� �!�NO��@�/���0"�

9F<���*� � OPQ��R�S�12��3"� 9�R�N�R�$�T��U�HOL�U2V�S/���0"�

Please remember that �!����������� � ( Phrase), such as�

������������#��$ ( Prepositional phrases ) and ��������������������� ( Adverbial phrases ),

can never be F(R�U� �� (Subject ) even though a sentence may begin with it.

The subject of a nominal sentence must be a noun or pronoun.

Page 19: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Feminine Gender.doc Page 18

Feminine Gender ��������� �

a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is � ( closed

Ta – �� ������ �������� ) , e.g. ������� � , ���� ��� a cow, ������� a village, ���! "�# safety.

However, two feminine nouns have a long $ (open Ta – ��%���&' �������� )

at the end. They are: ()�*�+ sister, ()�,-� daughter.

b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maq��rah ����.��/&��!�0��+ short alif which is 1 pronounced as ã� , e.g. 2 3�4 �� , 2��&3�# ( names of

women ), 1���5�6 ( smaller,f. ), 1���7�8 ( greater,f. ).

c) The third feminine ending is called alif mamd�dah �����9:�;���!�0��+ ,

long alif which is hamzah preceded by alif, e.g. ������#+ ( name of a

woman ), ����4���< ( blind woman ), ���,�=�%� ( beautiful woman ).

d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these

endings. They may be classified in the following categories:

1. Names of women, e.g.

��>�����!��?�(;�,�@��?��A�,���B 2. Females, e.g.

(C� mother, (D:���< bride, �E��F she ass.

3. Parts of the body that are double, e.g.

(G�4�< eye, (;�� hand, �E�H� ear,

(I.�H arm, �J�K-. foot, leg (L��# shank.

4. Names of towns and countries, e.g.

���/�! Egypt,�� ���-.��# Syria, �;�,�M India.

5. Some everyday words, e.g.

(.9 house, (.��� fire, (N��-. wind,

O�����# sky, (P���Q sun, (R���% war,

(S�. earth, (P&'�� soul, (T��-� � way,path.

All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may also say that all

nouns are masculine except those that belong to these categories.

Page 20: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Adjectives.doc Page 19

Some Examples of Adjectives

Please analyze them carefully and try to figure out the ��������������� �

and then translate them into English

�������������� ������������

�������������� ������������

� !���"#$� �� �����%�&����'(� �)

�*+��,�'-.�/����0���������0�� �*+��,�'-.�/�����0�

12��0�3���1�45��"6������ 2��0�3���1�45��"6������

17�80�3���9��0����:�� 7�80�3���9��0����:��

; ��1<�!����=:0�&�>����?�@ ��?��A��0�&���:

�B�C���?���A���B���5�D�E� ���F�3����=�&�<���%�� ;/�G!�6��H��5�D����?�@

�I�<�&G!�6���J0���@���?���A��0��"5�3�C "E���?���A���=K�/0���$'I�5�����.�

�L�����M��"#� NO��H��:�� 'E/�!��"I���?���%���B�K�/0P���

Page 21: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Adjectives.doc Page 20

The Exercises in the Adjectives – Translate into Arabic

1. A big book and a small pen.

2. The big book and the small pen.

3. A new desk and the old school.

4. A small pen and the small book.

5. The old house and a new door.

6. The tall boy and a short girl.

7. The tall girl and the small boy.

8. An old chair and the new room.

9. The big girl and the small boy.

10. The short chair and a long desk.

11. A big book. On a big book.

12. The small school. In the small school.

13. From the old desk. On the new chair.

14. An old house. In the new school.

15. A big knife and the long key.

16. On the short boy. From an old friend.

17. The big room. On the big mountain.

18. A long street. In the small car.

19. The big book is on the new desk.

20. Hamid is a short boy and Khadijah is

a tall girl.

21. Hamid is in the big house and

Khadijah is in the old car.

22. The pen is on the new desk and the

book is on the old chair.

Page 22: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Adjectives.doc Page 21

Some references from the Qur’an for Adjectives (�������) ����� Undoubtedly, there has to come to you from

Allah light and a luminous Book. �Q����1<R���S0&�>� ��/����HT5����������">NU0.����D4:13 And that is the great success. Q�������G���V��WG����=���X�� �12:40 This is the right religion ��+��%G�����?+�����=���X�45:10 And for them is a great torment. Q�������Y��S��Z�Y���M���� �49:3 For them is forgiveness and a great reward. Q�������Y�� �.�@� �'E� �W�F�����M���68:4 And undoubtedly, you possess excellent manners. Q[������Y�[\"5]��̂ 5������=��1_�� 8:74 For them is forgiveness and honourable provision. Q���?1 �>��7�V1/� �'E� �W�F�����M��44:17 and an honourable Messenger came to them. Q���?1 �>�'#�$�/���̀ NU0�.� �2:219 in both there is great sin � ��1<�>���Ga1_�0��1M���C28:23 and our father is very old. Q� ��1<�>��b���c�0���:�@� �1:5 Guide us in the straight path. Q�����%�&���G����(�� +3���0�����̀ ���42:26 And for the infidels there is a severe torment. Q���?���c��S��Z�Y���M����d� �C0�!��� �85:21 22 But it is a glorious Quran. In well guarded

tablet. Q9e�"W�����[f�����B�C�Q����1g���'dh� "D��̀ �G-�:�61:13 help from Allah and a near victory �*�?1 �D��2�&�C� ��HT5��������� �3���26:195 In plain Arabic speech. Q[���1<��iB1:� �Y�9d0���51:�24:12 and say: it is a manifest untruth. Q����1<���=GC1_��Z�̀ ���"�0�D� �41:44 They are like those who are called from a far off

place. Q9������:�9d0�!���������d� �80��?��=�j�� "@�18:46 The wealth and sons are an adornment of the

worldly life 0����k�����El������"I���?1V��d���<G��� �"#0��G����18:46 and the good deeds that endure are better in the

sight of your Lord for reward and better in respect of

hope.

�� ���]� �0m:���a��=+:�/������Y�� ���]���0���03�����0��D0<��� Qno���@�

����� His are the Most beautiful names. Q^�����G����U0���$O��H���

Page 23: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Nominal Sentence From Qur'an.doc Page 22

Examples of Simple Sentences from Qur’an

85:21 It is a glorious Qur'an ���������� ������

21:24 This is a reminder � �����������21:50 This is a blessed reminder ���������� �����������20:112 He is a believer ����������������6:16 He is one God �� �!�������"�# ����

19:36 This is a straight way �$���%�&�'��(� �)�������11:77 This is a day �*���+�������11:103 That is a day �*���+�,� �����2:2 That is the Book �-��&�.� ��,� �����43:30 They said: “This is sorcery (mere magic)” ���� �/�0� �1�2��� ����

44:44 This (will be) a painful torment �$��� /3�-���4�������46:12 This is a confirming Scripture �56��7���-��&���������50:2 The disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing.” /��#� �8�/.� �/9�/%80���:;�<�=�>�����4 ����

53:56 This is a warner � �+���?�������54:8 The disbelievers will say: “This is a hard day.” /��#� �8�.� ��9���%�+0� @'�4�*���+��� ����

77:38 This is the Day of Decision �*���+����A�7/B� � ����

11:103 That (will be) a Day of Testimony �*���+�,� /��C��D�E�� ����

16:116 This is lawful and this is forbidden 9F�"����*�� �"����# ����

14:52 This is a Message for mankind �G�HIJ� K/F�L�������

Page 24: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 23

Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences

The pen IS broken. ������������ ����� This IS a book. �������������� ������������� �������������������� !���"�������������#���$ ���������#���$

The bag IS under the desk. %&�����'����(�)�*+,���-� �)��� The book IS on the desk. %&�����'���.�/����������+,���-� �)������������� ��������������������

�(�)�*��0�#�12�#���$�,���'�3����4���� .�/�5#�6�0�#�7%&�����'�������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� �%&�����'������8�#�3����"�

;%&�����'���.�/<�#���$�,���'�3����4���� The merchant’s house IS in

front of the Mosque. ��%3���'����=�����%#%6�>����(�-�? The Quran IS the book of Allah. ��������+@A�#+ ���B �(�-�?�����������0��:�������8 +@A�#+ �������������

#%6�>�������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� ���������0��:�������8�#���$�=�������0�#�12�#���$�,���'�3����4���� � B��,���C�D�+E�F��2���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��

��%3���'�����#�3���4�-��9�0��:�����8

This bicycle belongs to (IS

for) the son of the

mu’adhdhin. �@GH�I�'���%J�?K +,�6�>�>����L��� This house belongs to (IS

for) the teacher. %MN����'�����(�-���������L�������������������� !���"� ������������� !���"��������

+,�6�>�>�����O���? �(�-�������O���?O �5#�6�0�#�7 O �5#�6�0�#�7%J�?���0��:�������8���8�#�3����"� %MN����'�������8�#�3����"�

�@GH�I�'�������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��P ;%MN����'����<���'�3����4�����#���$�,;�@GH�I�'���%J�?K <�#���$�,���'�3����4����

THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IS easy. �,���Q�"+,>-%?�#�R���+,�ST��� THE ARABIC IS an easy language. �,���Q�"�,�S+�+,>-%?�#�R���+,�ST������������� +,>-%?�#�R�������������

���+,>-%?�#�R��(�R�U �,�S+���#���$�,���Q�"��#���$ �,���Q�"��(�R�U

Page 25: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 24

Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences

My father IS a big merchant. �#�-%����#%6��*V%?�� The broken chair

IS in that room. ����������'���WV�"�#+����*V�X���,�X�#�S����Y������0��:�������8��������� WV�"�#+���������������Z��4�-��9�0��:��%G������'���[\��]���8�#�3�� ���������'�����(�R�U

�#%6��*��#���$ V�X�5#�6�0�#�7�#�-%�����(�R�U ���*�Y���������� !���"����8�#�3

�,�X�#�S�����O���?P;���*V�X�,�X�#�S����Y<�#���$�,���'�3����4����

My brother’s room IS in front of

my room. V���X�#+̂ �=�����V�$��+,�X�#+̂ He has a car (a car IS with him) . �����>-�"�L���_�/ +,�X�#+̂ ��0��:�������8��������� ���_�/��0�#�12�=>�� ���#���$�,���'�3����4����%̀ ����0��:�������8���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� �L����8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��P�Z����8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��%G������'���[\��] �����>-�"�������������#>$�I

�=�������0�#�12�#���$�,���'�3����4�����,�X�#+̂ ��0��:�������8���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� These ARE teachers. N����� \K�I��@���"

�Z����8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��%G������'���[\��]P \K�I��������������� !���"���� �@���"N�������#���$

I AM in the secondary school. �,>]%��U�ab���,�"�����'���V�X�U�� I have one brother (belongs to me

one brother). ���7�8�̀ ���V���U������������ O �5#�6�0�#�7V�X�5#�6�0�#�7 �Z��%G������'���[\��]���8�#�3����"P

�,�"�����'�������8�#�3����"� ;�V��<�=>�� ���#���$�,���'�3����4���� �,>]%��U�ab����(�R�UP �̀ ����#>$�I�����������

;�,>]%��U�ab���,�"�����'���V�X<�'����#���$�,���'�3����4���������� ���7�8��(�R�U

+,�/�c%9%O��">#��+,�/�c%9� B �%d�:�X�J����� B +,�/�c%9��0��:�������8��������� �������������������� !���"�

%O��">#������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� �J���5#�6�0�#�7 +,�/�c%9��0��:�������8�#���$ %d�:�X��0��:�������8���8�#�3����"�

� B��,���C�D�+E�F��2���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� � B��,���C�D�+E�F��2���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��P ;�%d�:�X�J�� B<�#���$�,���'�3����4����

Page 26: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 25

Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences The new students

WENT to the

mosque. ��%3���'���e9��������H�f���3�����aCgh�� Amina WENT to the school. �,�"�����'���e9�(�����H+,�_��A

��aCTh������������ +,�_��A�����������f���3�����(�R�U �&���H�ij����d�R�X �&���H�ij����d�R�X �k��l�-%U�m����[\��*

�8��d�/�X;���< Hidden Pronoun �d�/�X��#���������#�-�'�n;�V��< e9�5#�6�0�#�7 e9�5#�6�0�#�7

��%3���'�������8�#�3����"� �,�"�����'�������8�#�3����"� ;���'���e9��������H��%3<�������'����#���$+,>-���R�F���+,���'�3��� ;�,�"�����'���e9�(�����H<�������'����#���$+,>-���R�F���+,���'�3���

Their father IS the IMAM of

this mosque. ��%3���'�������=���%9�����?�� These men ARE

farmers from my

village. \K�I�V���]�#�o�J���@���7aC�X+O��6N#��

������0��:�������8��������� \K�I������������������ !���"��������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� +O��6N#����O���?

�=���%9��0��:�������8�#���$ �@���7aC�X��#���$�����:��������� !���"����8�#�3���4�-��9�0� �J���5#�6�0�#�7

��%3���'�����O���? �(�]�#�o��0��:�������8���8�#�3����"� Those tall

men ARE

new

engineers.�8+��f���6�@���"���_�Q��+O���Gh��+O��6N#���Y�p� �Z��4�-��9�0��:��%G������'���[\��]���8�#�3��

�Y�p��8+������������������ !���"� The new students

WENT to the

restaurant. %�R�h�'���e9�J�����H�f���3����k������ah��

+O��6N#����O���? �k������ah������������+O���Gh����(�R�U �f���3�����(�R�U

�@���"���_�Q����#���$ �H�&���ij����d�R�X�f���6��(�R�U �@��d�/�X;>J��<

These young men ARE

brothers . �����$��+,�-���F��� \K�I� e9�5#�6�0�#�7 \K�I������������������ !���"� %�R�h�'�������8�#�3����"� +,�-���F�����O���? ;�����H%�R�h�'���e9�J<����q��#���$+,>-���R�F���+,���'�3��������$����#���$

Page 27: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 26

Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences

r�s�'���L%���U+d�b����t� %��h�q��J���&�]%#�o���]��D���_���-�?+d�b�����:�������8����������0 �(�-�?��0��:�������8��������� %���U��0��:�������8���8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� ��U����8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��

�L����8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� ���]��D���(�-�������(�R�U r���5#�6�0�#�7 �&�]%#�o��#���$ r�s����t���8�#�3����"��� �J���5#�6�0�#�7

;r�s�'����t�<�#���$�,���'�3����4���� %��h�q�����8�#�3����"� �8 B�.��9�8%j��uv��8�k�8�'�����Y���� B�#�-�w�q� i������Gd+�.�/�,�:�]%#�X%���R���&���c;l�]���7<�8�tx�h�/�0�#�7 �&���c��������0��:�������8���

r���5#�6�0�#�7 %���R������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��� B��,���C�D�+E�F��2���8�#�3����"�P �,�:�]%#�X��#���$

; B <�=>�� ���#���$�,���'�3����4���� .�/�5#�6�0�#�7 �Y����������8�#>$�I������������0��:�� Gd+���0��:�������8���8�#�3����"�

�k�8�'��������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� i����������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:�� �8�tx�h�/�0�#�7 �,�hN"����+q��,�"�����q�V�X��Q�:�R�?

%j��uv�����8�#�3����"�;8�'����.��/�0�+h�R���k�< �y�R�?��0��:�������8����������8�tx�h�/�0�#�7 �������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��

.��9�5#�6�0�#�7 V�X�5#�6�0�#�7� B��,���C�D�+E�F��2���8�#�3����"� �,�"�����q�����8�#�3����"�

;�.��9 B<�$�,���'�3����4�����=>�� ���#�� �,�hN"����+q���(�R�U �#�-�w�q���#>$�I����������� ;�,�hN"����+q��,�"�����q�V�X<�#���$�,���'�3����4����

�,�'N-�o�&��+��Q�-�X �[B%j��uv��8�k�8�'��������U V�X�5#�6�0�#�7 �B[��,���C�D�+E�F��2���������

������8�#�3����"� ����U��0��:�������8�#���$;�Q�-�X<�=>�� ���#���$�,���'�3����4���� �k�8�'��������8�#�3���4�-��9�0��:��

�&��+���#>$�I����������� �8�tx�h�/�0�#�7 �,�'N-�o��(�R�U %j��uv�����8�#�3����"�;�k�8�'����.��/�0�+h�R��<

Page 28: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 27

The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals Please change the following nouns into Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals and put them into their cases as

shown in the example.

FEMININE MASCULINE

Genitive��������

Accusative����� ����

Nominative

����������Genitive�

�������Accusative�

���� ����Nominative

����������

Singular

Dual

Plural

���������� ���������� ���������� �������� ��������� �������� ��� ���!"�#$�%$�������� !"�#$�%$�������� �&�$%$�������� !"�#$�������� !"�#$�������� �&�$��������� '(�)*���

�+�$�������� �+�$�������� �+�$�������� �"�#$�������� �"�#$�������� )&��$�������� ,���-�

�"���.�� ��� ���

� '(�)*���

� ,���-�

�/0�1��� ��� ���

'(�)*���

,���-�

�/�1���2��� ��� ���

'(�)*���

,���-�

�����3 ��� ���

'(�)*���

,���-�

�4�5��� ��� ��� '(�)*��� ,���-

Page 29: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 28

The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals�

FEMININE MASCULINE

Genitive��������

Accusative����� ����

Nominative

����������Genitive�

�������Accusative�

���� ����Nominative

����������

Singular

Dual

Plural

���������� ���������� ���������� �������� ��������� �������� ��� ���!"�#$�%$�������� !"�#$�%$�������� �&�$%$�������� !"�#$�������� !"�#$�������� �&�$��������� '(�)*���

�+�$�������� �+�$�������� �+�$�������� �"�#$�������� �"�#$�������� )&��$�������� ,���-�

�6���7 ��� ���

� '(�)*���

� ,���-�

���8�3� ��� ���

'(�)*���

,���-�

�9!��:��� ��� ���

'(�)*���

,���-�

�;!-�< ��� ���

(�)*��' �

,���-�

�=�5>� ��� ��� '(�)*��� ,���-

Page 30: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Broken Plurals.doc Page 29

The Broken Plurals � ���������� ��������������� ��������� ������� ������

�������� Sheik ������ � �!�"� Child �#���" ����$%& Man �'�$�& �()*�+ Student �,����+�-�����. Guest �/���. 01��2�3�� Son �4�3�� �&��5�6 Great

Big ����%5�6 �&�7�8 Merchant ��%$��8�����9�: Field �'�9�: �;����<�� Paternal

Uncle =>�< �&��?�@ Small �����?�@ �A�7�: Pilgrim =A��:�(���B�C Heart �,�B�C �A��"�D�� Spouse

Husband �A�"�D �&��E�C Short �����E�C �(�)6�& Rider

Passenger �,�6��&�;���7�F Star �>�7�F 01��3G Father �(�� ������+ Tall �'�H%��+ �&�)I�6 Unbeliever ������6�J�����3 House �K���3 �;�*�C�� Pen �>�B�C �-����. Weak �/�����. �����< Worker �'�L��<�M�"�&� Lesson �M�&� �(����3�� Door �(��3 ����5%$ Mountain �'�5�$

�N�"���C Monetary

coin �N���C �O�F���&� River ���O�F �(�*�6 Dog �,�B�6

�(�����$ Pocket �,���$ �;�H�� Day �;���H �&��P%3 Sea ���P�3

�-�"���: Letter �-���: �Q������� Colour �Q���� � �*%3 Country �#�B�3

�R���B�L King �S�B�L �&��T�L�� Rain ���T�L �(����@ Difficult �,���@

���U�-�� Sword �/���U �J��C�"�� Time �K�C�"

�;���B�< Knowledge �>�B�< �(��P�@�� Companion �,�:��@

�&���E�C Palace ���E�C 01����U�� Name �>�U��

����I�+�� Infant �'�I�+

����V�L�� Example ����V�L

�&����F�� Light �&���F

Page 31: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Broken Plurals.doc Page 30

The Broken Plurals � ���������� �������W1�*������

�-��E�� �4�L �X��2���LW1�*����

�-��E�� �4�L �X��2���L�'���� �Y�B����

%2�Z��W1��� Rich =[%2�Z W1�*�L�D Colleague �'���L�D � �#�$ New �#�H�#�$ �Y����� Youth \]�� W1��C�#�@�� Friend �̂ �H�#�@ W1����9�� Poor �����9�� �,��6 Book �(���6 �_���̀ �� Brother ����W1��H%��C�� Strong =a%��C W1����B�< Learned �>����< �����: Donkey ���:�&�W1����6�b�� Intelligent =[�6�b W1��&�D�" Minister ���H%D�" �&���U Bed ���H%��UW1���%5�F�� Prophet =[%5�F W1����I�U Ambassador �����I�U �'�U�& Messenger �����U�&W1��3%��C�� Near �,�H%��C W1����L�� Governor

Chief �����L�� �Q�#�L City �#�L�Y�2�HW1�5�+�� Doctor �,��%5�+ W1��#�I�: Grandson �#���I�: �4�I�U Ship �Y�2���I�U

�c���+ Way �̂ �H%��+

Page 32: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Broken Plurals.doc Page 31

The Broken Plurals � ���������� �������

�'������ �Y�B������ �'���<��I�L �-��E�� �4�L �X��2���L

W�'�<��I�L �-��E�� �4�L �X��2���L

���O���� Month ���O�� �Y�B�d�U�� Question ����e�U �I�L�f���8� Key �g���I�L ���8���� Notebook ������ �'�$�&�� Leg

Foot �'�$%& �Y�3%��$�� Answer �(���$ �'�H� ��2�L Kerchief �'�H�#�2�L �,�8����L Desk �,����L�h�I�F�� Soul

Self �h�I�F �Y�B�V�L�� Example ����V�L �4��%$��2�� Cup �Q��7�2�� �c� ��2�� Hotel ���c�#�2�X�&�b�� Arm �X��&�b �Y�����+�� Food �;����+ �̂ �H� ��2�@ Box

Crate �c�"�#�2�@ �#%$����L Masjid �#%7���L�_�#���<�� Column � �����< i[�U����6 Chair =[�U���6 �h%3�*�L Garment �h�5�B�L

���+����L Ruler �_���T���L �M%&��#�L School �Y�U�&�#�L

�̂ �j��C� Minute �Y�9���C� ��%D��2�L Residence

Dwelling ��%k�2�L ��%F��E�L Factory �f�2�E�L �,�6����6 Planet �,�6���6

�h����7�L Assembly �h�B�7�L

���l����$ Essence

Substance �l���$�_��

�(%&��7�8 Experiment �Y�3���7�8

Page 33: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Broken Plurals.doc Page 32

The Broken Plurals � ���������� �������

�Q�*����

�Q��E���C Shirt �m�����C �Q��#�B�3 Country �#�B�3

Page 34: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 33

Singular, Dual and Plural

��������������� ��� �������������� ����� ������������������� ��� ���������� ��������� ���

������������������������ ����������� !���"�#$!�%���&�'�(�)����&�*+������� ����������,-.���/� ���

� �

�&�+�.���/�������&�)�����0�� �1�(23����,���4�5�/� ���

�.��678�/��9�'�0� ��� �&�'�(�)����:�(�*�������

�&�'��2��;��<�42�������� �&�'�(�)����&�'7=�;�������

����25���>�/��&�3���;������� ��25���>�/������;� ���

Page 35: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 34

Singular, Dual and Plural

�������&�?��21�+����.@(�+� �&��������&�+-.���/�������

�A�(�B�C��D�(�)�0� ��� �1�(�E����<�(��� ���

� �

�F�(�)���G:�+� ��� �H�+����F�����4�/� ���

�9�'�6�/����(23�;� ��� �&�I�(�J�C��&�K-1�)�/�������

�1��/��L@3�;� ��� �M�����N�������&�?�+ ���&�

���(7� ��:�/��1�(�O�M7� �PQ�7� � ��� �1�(�O�0���7'��� ���

Page 36: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Numbers.doc Page 35

Numbers from 1 to 10 in ArabicRule # 1

Numbers 1 (one) and 2 (two) always come as adjectives �������

����� �������� ��� �������������������������� ���������������

Rule # 2 The numbers from 3 to 10 ����������� come as ���� �! �The things counted ����� ����"��� come as ���� �!�#$�% �

Rule # 3 From #3 to #10 the ��� ����"� & the things counted �� �will always be plural – �'�(�)� �

Rule # 4 If the thing counted ����� ����"��& is masculine , the number ����������&� will be feminine.

If the thing counted ����� ����"��& is feminine, the number ���������&�� will be masculine.

*+�,�-�./0����1�*+��2�3$-�./0��� 4���.5�.���0����1�46�0�7�8�.���0��Counting without ��� ����"�With feminine ��� ����"�

(the thing counted)

With masculine �"���� ���(the thing counted) Feminine� Masculine�

1 � ����� � ��� � 2 � ��������� �������

./0�� .���0�� 3 � �/0�� ����0���'�9�2�8 .����9�2�8 4 � �'�9�2�8 �����9�2�8�:�(�; .��<�(�; 5 � �:�(�; ���<�(�;=�- .�3�- 6 � >�- ��3�-�'���- .������- 7 � �'���- �������-?@���(�� .��$@���(�� 8 *���(�� ���$@���(���'�<A .����<A 9 �'�<A �����<A�B�C�, .��B�C�, 10 �� �B�C�, ���B�C�,

Page 37: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Numbers.doc Page 36

Examples of Numbers from 3 to 10 from the Qur’an ����D���EF&� �

�� ��GE@H�-�4I�$����/0����J�3�����KLM�N�A�OP�8��D���E�QR��I��7 �/0�����

�� 46�3E�8�����0����K.5@2���?S��H��3��(�A��I��T�S ����0�����

� ���U�$7VWX����U(����#3�@%�YZ�@9�*+����[�\��'�9�2�8��K]���8�.�����[�C�S �'�9�2�8 �� �4B�[�\�8������9�2�8�@̂ �2Q_��?S��H�̀ �$Y<�S �����9�2�83:

��� �U�$!aH�<�!���NbY��0�"���U!�*�PF���<�(�c@9��K.N=9�2��K.5���(�E ���<�(�;�:

�� 46�3E�8��3�-�?S��̂ �2Q_�� �+�HV(�<����d�M�;�ef���gZ���K.N39�2�O�@% ����-���

�� ����h,��'���-�3U�[.M.5�iE�*���(-�*+��B�T�9��'���-�j�2�8�?a�@%��DM�"��I��7� �'���-���

�� �6H�<�T�!�kR�l�)��K�[��!�4m��9�Ln.N��4m�H�9�8�.������-���[�� �������-���

�� �4o�h���?@���(���?@��B�)�i�A����8�p�M�,�@U�$�A�]�3?�����9��j���@%��D�̀ N��.8����8���[email protected]�?a�@% @���(��?� �

� �q!H�<���46�3E�8����$@���(��� �4I��$���'���-��K@[�$�M�,���]�B3c�- ���$@���(�����

��� *+���a$�9�*+�EF��'�<A�p�-H�!�����$�A�QR���T��� �'�<A���

�� @̂ �2Q_��?S���� �Y<�r�E�*s�]�2�.����<A�����E�"��?S���5�� �����<A6:

160 ��[���t�!�8��B�C�,��#�M�S�����<�̀ ���@9�QR��)��U�! �B�C�,5: 89 �U�$5��<�!���B�C�,��6�����@%��#�A�2�Or�N�S ���B�C�,

Page 38: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

Types of Khabar Page 37

��������One Word (Not a sentence)

��� ������������������� ����������������� ��

������� �������� �Type of Khabar

�!�"���#$���!%&���'� �Nominal Sentence

���(�)�*��+��,%-�.�%/�,����"�0�1�.2������3��!�����%4

%&���'� ��!�"�&�5��� ���!Verbal Sentence

�!�#�6����� ��78����9%:����� ����5�&��� ��78�������9%:��;/<= ��

�����>��!%&���'� ���?���@The Phrase coming as a Khabar

��A��%B C��D��A��� �E��6�*���'���F�#�Adverbial Phrase Prepositional Phrase

�G�H�IJ���K����L-��M���N��!�O�'� ����P�Q��� ���M���N��!���"�R��� �

���P�Q��� ��S&T��;��P�Q� ��U�VU�������� ��

Page 39: Madina Book 1 - Handouts

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