macromolecules describe in detail what you see in the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences) the digestive...
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MACROMOLECULES Describe in detail what you see in
the diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences)
The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP.
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BiomoleculesYou are what you eat!
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Agenda
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Comparing biomolecues
5. Constructing glucose molecules
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CARBOHYDRATES
1. Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates aka…
StarchCarbs
Sugar
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How does our body break down this
bread?
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Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide
DisaccharideMonosaccharide
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Structure
Polysaccharide
Many Sugar
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Structure
Di saccharide
TwoSugar
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Structure
Monosaccharide
OneSugar
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Function Provide QUICK energy to the body!
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Challenge:
Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide
DisaccharideMonosaccharide
Explain what you think is happening here. (at least 3 sentences)
The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It also maps out the break down of carbohydrates from their most complex form (polysaccharide) to their least complex (monosaccharide). This process is called hydrolysis.
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LIPIDS
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Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
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LOOK FOR THE “E”Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol
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Function Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen
(few oxygen)
Fat best method of STORING
forms cell membranes
Insulates nerve cells (myelin)
Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)
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How are complex carbohydrates
formed and broken down?
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Dehydration Synthesis Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water
monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ----> C12H22O11 + H2O
(Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)
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Hydrolysis Addition of WATER to a compound SPLITS it
disaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide + monosaccharide
C12H22O11 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
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Challenge: Describe what you see (at least 3
sentences)
This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it changes.
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Proteins aka….
Meat
Polypeptide
Whey Protein
Peanut butter
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Breaks down into microscopic molecules
Meat
Polypeptide
Amino Acid
Monomer: amino acidPolymer: polypeptide
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Monomer: Amino Acids
•Contains C, H, O, N•20 types•Has both hydrophobic & hydrophylic ends•Differ in R-group•R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral•Makes polypeptide then makes proteins
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Polymer: Polypeptide(peptide means bond)
•Formed by dehydration synthesis•Sequence determined by DNA•3-D and folds to take up less space
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Function of Proteins Provides us with building
blocks for life! Also regulate most
functions in a cell. Glycoproteins (antigens) Combines w/DNA to form
chromosomes Turns genes on and off Antibodies (fights disease)
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Function of Proteins Provides structure &
strength (fibers) Transports molecules in &
out cells Hemoglobin (transports
O2) Enzymes (speeds up
rxns)- has –ase suffix Acts as hormones
(insulin)- many proteins have suffix of -in
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Bellringer: Describe in detail what you
see in the diagram. (minimum 3
sentences)
This is a picture of ATP. ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.
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Nucleic Acids
Contains C, H, O, N, P
Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:
1. 5-Carbon Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
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Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases 5 types
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine (in DNA only)
Uracil (in RNA only)
Purines or pyrimidines
In DNA:In RNA:
C-GC-G
A-TA-U
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Nucleotides:
5-carbon sugar and phosphate
group
2 types of sugars Ribose (in RNA only) Deoxyribose (in DNA
only)
Phosphate group Contains phosphorus &
oxygen
Polymer: polynucleotide
deoxyribose
ribose
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Function
Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)
contains the genetic code
stores & transmit heredity/genetic information
found in the nucleus (mitochondria)
Double stranded (double helix)
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Function
Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic
acid)
Carries info from DNA to cell
Helps in protein synthesis
found in ribosomes & nucleoli
Single stranded
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Polypeptide: ATP
Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates
Stores and releases energy
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CarbonCompounds
include
that consist of
which contain
that consist of that consist of that consist of
which contain which contain which contain
Section 2-3
Concept Map
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CarbonCompounds
include
that consist of
which contain
that consist of that consist of that consist of
which contain which contain which contain
Section 2-3
Concept Map
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Sugars and starches
Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
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Which biomolecule has the most energy!?
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C-H bonds
Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture.
Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond picture
Which biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?
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The number of C-H bonds = the amount
of energy
The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has!
Fats have the most energy because they have the most C-H bonds!
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Video clips: Burning Marshmallow
Oil lamp
Cooking Oil Car
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CHALLENGE! Which popular plant process forms glucose?
Photosynthesis
Which elements form a glucose molecule?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.
C6H12O6