macro political spectrum. what is a political spectrum? it’s a way to measure, classify, and...
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Macro Political Spectrum
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What is a Political Spectrum?• It’s a way to measure, classify, and compare
different political systems or thoughts.
Why will this be a Macro Political Spectrum?
• Macro means that we will be looking at the BIG picture, in this case the different political systems in the world.
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The Macro Political Spectrum
Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary
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Conservative (Macro)
Moderate Conservative Reactionary
Most Important Value: Security
Based On: Thomas Hobbes’ Justification
Type of Government: Authoritarian
Types Seen in the World1. Monarchy (Morocco)2. Dictatorship (China)
3. Junta (Burma)
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Differences in Authoritarian Governments
• In all authoritarian governments, all governmental power (legislative, executive, judicial) is in the hands of one person or group.
• Differences are just superficial
Monarch Dictator Junta
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Reactionary (Macro)
Conservative Reactionary
Most Important Value: Control
Based On: Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative
Type of Government: Totalitarian
Historical Examples1. Nazi Germany2. Stalinist Russia
3. The Taliban
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Authoritarian vs. Totalitarian
Authoritarian
• One political view allowed (Government controls your political life)
• Controlled Economy (Government controls your economic life)
Totalitarian
• One political view allowed (Government controls your political life)
• Controlled Economy (Government controls your economic life)
• State religion or lack of one (Government controls your spiritual life)
• Mandated Government Activities (Government controls your social life)
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Examples
Hitler Youth Movement Stalin’s Great Purges Taliban’s Sharia Law
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Liberal (Macro)
Radical Liberal Moderate
Most Important Value: Protect Liberty
Based on: John Locke’s Social Contract
Type of Government: Constitutional Democracy
Types Seen in the World1. Presidential Leadership (U.S.)
2. Parliamentary Leadership (U.K. and others)
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Presidential Leadership
PresidentHouse of Representatives Senate
Legislative Branch Executive Branch
The Voters
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Parliamentary Leadership
Prime MinisterHouse of Commons House of Lords
Legislative Branch Executive Branch
The Voters
(Appointed)
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What difference does it make?Presidential Leadership
If we were Parliamentary…
House of Representatives Senate President
House of Representatives
Senate President
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Presidential leadership can result in…Mixed Government
A government in which the different branches of government are controlled by opposing political parties. Results in both gridlock (lack of things
being done) and compromise (since both parties must take each other into account)
Parliamentary leadership always results in…Unified Government
A government in which all branches of the government are controlled by the same political party. Results in a more efficient government (more things get passed) and perhaps more extreme government (since needs
of the other party aren’t always taken into account)
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Moderate (Macro)
Liberal Moderate Conserv.
Constitutional Monarchy
Socialist Democracy
Executive is a hereditary monarch.But power limited by constitution. Democratically
elected Legislature.
Democratically elected executive and legislature.Government owns some major industry (energy, health
care, etc.)
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Radical (Macro)
LiberalRadical
Anarchy
Most Important Value: Total Freedom
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A Brief Word on AnarchyThe Easiest and Most Entertaining Way to Learn About Anarchy is …..
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The Macro Political Spectrum
Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary
Anarchy Con. Democracy Mixed Gov. Authoritarian Totalitarian
As we move from left to right on the scale what increases?
As we move from right to left on the scale what increases?
ControlFreedom
Government Control
Individual Freedom
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Things To Look Out For
The Political Spectrum is a valuable tool…HOWEVER….1) It represents the “ideal” system… in reality
different forms of government never are 100% matches to the scale.
2) It can limit our thinking by putting “labels” on things and defining those “categories”