macosxsupport.pdf

8/13/2019 MacOSXSupport.pdf

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Mac OSX 10.8+ 2013

Recovery Partition:

• 10.8 has a recovery Partition

o Can be put on a USB or External Drive

• Can’t put on a drive if it’s a RAID Array

Internet Recovery (Globe with progress bar)

• Can be done over an open network

o Wifi works with WPA2 and below

! Supports EULA networks

• Downloads the tools when you boot into it (~650mb)

Power Nap (New to 10.8)

• Can do updates (app) while asleep

o System updates if plugged in

• Enable in Energy Saver settings

• Might need an SMC Update

Backwards Compatibility of Apps

• Used to have “Rosetta” which allows PowerPC apps to run in Intel

Macs, pre-10.7

• Now places apps in “Incompatible Folder” within Mac HD

• Solution: Dual Boot with older Mac OS

Startup Stages:

Stage 1 – Hardware

• POST (Power On Self Test)

o Checks Memory, CPU, Bootrom

o Beeps or lights flash depending on the computer

o 1-3 Beeps = RAM Problem

! 1 – No RAM Installed

! 2 – Incompatible RAM

! 3 – Bad module

o 4-5 Beeps = Logic Board Issue

! 4 – Bootrom Failed (NEED to replace Logic board)

! 5 – CPU Failed



• NOTE: If there is no Startup Chime, try resetting NVRAM

• Firmware (Grey Screen)

o This is the software contained on the hardware

o Checks the NVRAM settings

o Looks for boot.efi (Apple Logo)! The drive’s file needed for boot

• NVRAM Settings

o Reasons to Reset:

! No Video

! Grey Screen hangs

! Flashing Folder icon then boots normally

o Bootchime (System Audio Volume)

o Firmware Password

! If enabled, it prevents the user from doing anything

before Stage 2 (other than holding the OPT key)

o Boot Device (Your startup HD – “Macintosh HD”)

o Display Setting

! Stores resolution and hz for booting (1024x768, 60hz)

! If no video on boot, try resetting NVRAM

o Safe sleep – Yes/No

! Stores items in RAM when computer is sleeping so you

don’t lose them when you open Mac.! If YES, then you cannot reset the NVRAM

o Kernel Panic Dumps

! After a kernel panic, Mac stores the dump file here until

it next boots, SO DO NOT RESET RIGHT AFTER

! #1 Cause: Memory changes

Stage 2: Software

• Apple Logo showing = Hardware is done loading

• Kernel & Kernel Extensions are loading

Stage 3: Login

• User Environment loads

Startup Modifiers:

• Option Key – Boot Picker (choose drive to boot into)



• CMD + S – Single User Mode

o “fsck –fy” – Ensures files are in the right location

! File System ChecK – same as chkdsk

! -f – Forces the check to run

! -y – Auto repair/fix any issues! CAN MESS UP DRIVE, BACKUP BEFOREHAND

• CMD + V – Verbose Mode

o Displays what the system is doing during startup/shut down

o USE IF STUCK ON SPINNING GEAR

• CMD + R – OSX Recovery

o Reinstall from Time Machine

o Reinstall OSX

! Need Apple ID and Internet Connection

o Online Help

! Surf Web/Get Web Help

o Disk Utility

• Mouse/Trackpad Button – Ejects all optical/removable media

o Can use Nylon Cable to force CD to stop and do hardware

eject

! Only if CD is in there and spinning

• C Key – Looks for boot.efi on removable media

• D Key – Looks for diag.efi

o Used for Apple Hardware Test (AHT)

• T Key – Target Disk Mode – Turns device into external HD

o Only works over Firewire/Thunderbolt

• Shift Key – Safeboot*

o Disables all unnecessary H/W drivers

o Forces fsck –fy

o Deletes + Creates a new Kext cache file

! Kext = Kernel Extensions = S/W drivers for H/W

o Only loads core system fonts

o Disables Auto-login

o Useful for problems after boot screen

Startup Icons:

• Apple Logo – OS has loaded

• Ban Symbol –



o Found OS, but it is bad/wrong (i.e. Cloning can cause this)

o Missing Key startup File

• Globe

o Looking for Netboot Server

o Spinning = Found netboot• Flashing Folder with ‘?’ –

o No Valid OS found on any connected volume

! Problem: Bad HD, Missing OS, HD is not plugged in

Installation and Recovery:

Requirements 10.8:

• 2GB RAM

• 8GB+ Free HD Space

• CPU Varies

• Other: Apple ID, Internet

• Any Mac 2010+ definitely works

• AT LEAST 10.6.8

o Incremental updates if you have anything before that.

**Don’t install any OS older than the one that came with the computer

OSX Recovery: CMD + R @ boot

• Recover from Time Machine

• Reinstall OSX (requires Apple ID, internet)

• Online Help (Can surf web in Safari)

• Disk Utility (imaging, etc…)

• Secure Erase Files

o Erase Free Space (multiple levels; DOE, DOD)

o Security Options (most secure)

! Drive shredding (physically)

• Utilities Menu

o Firmware Password Utility

o Network Utility

! Lets you check network functionality (Good Known OS)



o Terminal

• Apple Menu on Recovery:

o Startup Disk – Highlighted blue is whatever is in NVRAM

RAID Drives:• Can install OS if you have 2+ drives in RAID setup

• Does not support Recovery Partition

o No Recovery Utilities, no Filevault2

Can’t install the OS on Time Machine Drives

• Must Reformat first

Mac Migration:

• Option 1: Restore from Time Machine Backup

• Option 2: post-Install Migration (first time booting into OS)

• Option 3: Migration Assistant

o Mac –to- Mac

! Target Disk Mode (T)

! Time Machine Ethernet/Wifi (Same wifi network,

Ethernet cord)

PC Migration:

• Download Windows Migration Assistant• Supports Windows XP SP3 +

• Migrates documents, iTunes, email accts

File Systems:

• Root Directory

o Core System components, only admins can modify

o /System/Library/

! Core OS components

o /Library/

! Prefs for ALL Users

" Network prefs, power settings, login window, etc…

• Users Folder

o “~/Library” (Shortcut to get into current user’s Library)

o ‘Opt’ + Go will unhide it for selection



o User specific preferences

Accounts:

Types of Accounts-

• Root – can do anythingo Used in Terminal, not for logging into

! “sudo ….”

• Admin – must be at least 1

o Can install apps/printers

o Change system preferences

! Denoted by padlock in bottom left

o Change permissions/ownership of files

o Can modify /Library and /System/Library

o Add/Del/Mod User accounts

• Standard

o Can’t do any of the above

o Can launch Apps

• Managed Account

o Standard but with Parental Controls

• Guest

o User home folder deleted at logout

o Can set parental controls

o Can use for troubleshooting since it has a default profile

o WILL NOT WORK WITH FILEVAULT2

• Share Only/Net User

o No home folder/local login

o Network folder/printer sharing only

• Groups…

**CTRL + Click on account for advanced options

**Fast User Switching

• Click on name, top right

• Apps stay open/eat resources

Keychain:

• Linked with Login password



o If password is changed, you’ll need to unlock old keychain or

delete and use a new one

! Only if you FORCE a pw change on user

! Works fine if user changes pw through Users and

Groups (since it asks for old one)

Deleting Accounts:

• Option 1 – Save the Home Folder and create a disk img (Slowest)

o Creates a .dmg of files, deletes login info and account

• Option 2 – Don’t change Home Folder (Fastest)

o Deletes login info and account, leaves Home folder

o Doesn’t change Home folder permissions

• Option 3 – Delete Home Folder

o Complete deletion (Slow if secure Erase)

Security:

• Gatekeeper: Restricts App use/install privileges

o 1) App Store Only

o 2) App Store + Identified Developers

o 3) Anywhere

• FileVault2

o Only on 10.7+ w/ recovery partition

o Whole Disk Encryption

o Computer Generated Key

! Store Key with Apple/in safe place

o Cannot use Guest Account/SafeBoot

o NOT ON RAID ARRAY/NON STANDARD PARTITION

• Privacy

o Enable Location Services

o Contacts (Which apps have access to contacts)

o Diagnostics & Usage (Send to Apple)

Network Status:

• Green: Link and Protocol

• Yellow: Link and no Protocol (No IP Info)

• Red: No Link, No Protocol



• Nothing: Inactive

• Can Add/Remove Network Services

o Top: Physical (H/W ports/components on the computer)

o Bottom: Virtual (VPN, PPPOE, 6 to 4)

• Network Locationso Use where a network port must be configured w/ conflicting

Settings

• Assist Me:

o Assistant- New Wifi Work Location

o Diagnostics – Test Current Configuration

Firewall:

• Can block all incoming connections

• Apps can be given special permissions

• Stealth mode: makes computer stop responding to outside ping

requests

Network Utility:

• Info (IP), Netstate, ping, lookup, whois, tracerouter, finger, port

scan

Connection Doctors:• Built into Apple apps to help with connection problems (Mail,

Messages, etc…)

o Access from within the programs’ top Menu

Airdrop:

• Creates AdHoc network

• Works with Mac’s within 30ft of eachother

• Encrypted file transfer (128, not 256=slow)

• 10.7+



12/18/13 12:02 PM

macosxsupport.pdf

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