macmillan children readers

Making Things Better for You!

Developing Good Reading Habits

Who was the first publisher to establish a children’s literature department?

1919

160+ years

Rudyard Kipling,Lewis Carrol,

H.G. Wells

British PrimeMinister

00770+

Countries

Examinerof 4 Exams

Authorof 5 books

Trained10,000+

teachers in8 countries

Helped35,000+

students getan o/s

Masters

Patrick Hafenstein


Which is the most decisive factor in determining the success of a reading class?


• The Topics• The Exercises• The Teacher• The Students• Test Practice• The Coursebook Desig

n


Engaging Content‘The truth of the

matter is that about 99% of teaching is

making the students feel interested in the

material. Then the other 1% has to do

with methods’.

Noam Chomsky

Interesting topics…


Provide new

information (innate

curiosity)

Provoke an emotional response (develop

imagination)

Are relevant to students’ lives

(age appropriate)

How do you teach reading?


Intensive vs.

Extensive

Skills & Strategies vs.

Comprehension

Top Down vs. Bottom

Up

Before, During & After Reading

Activities

Pre-Reading


Open up to page 96 &

start reading


1. Activating Schema

1.Brainstorming

2.Discussion Questions

3.Input

4.Drawings

5.Freewriting

6.Background info as quizzes.


Shark or Dolphin?


2. Pre-teach Vocabulary

Step 1: Presenting

Translations?

Flashcards

Illustrations

Mime

Sounds

Realia

Examples

Definitions

Antonyms/synonyms

Step 2: Practicing

Decision Making Tasks

Production Tasks

Games & Activities

Step 3: Consolidation

Reading

Listening


3. Text Prediction

• Key Word Guess

• Key Word Story

1. Ride/bike/apple

2. Summer/swimsuit/tree

3. Wear/sunglasses/ football

While Reading


Read and Answer the Questions


During Reading Exercises

Step 1: Shared Reading

Key Words Identifying

• Food - clap

• Adj. - stomp

• Animal - whistle

Key Word Stop

Error CorrectionStep 2: Guided

Reading

Erase it

Speedy Turn-taking

Emotional Reading

After Reading


Check your answers with your partner


After Reading Exercises

Vocabulary Development

Grammar in Context

Integrated Speaking/

Writing

Task-based Activities/

Project Work

Top Down vs. Bottom Up


What’s the difference?

Top DownActivating all prior knowledge about topic & text type, then skimming to get a rough idea of content & structure.

Bottom UpPaying close attention to the language, especially syntax and cohesion to understand difficult text.





Which process comes first?

Top Down


Step 1: What comes next?

Step 2: Summarising

Step 3: Underline the unfamiliar words

Step 4: What questions is the text trying to answer?

Step 5: Check questions have been answered

Step 6: Bottom up processing

Bottom Up Processing


The Nation Approach

•Identify what the cohesive elements refer to.

•Remove coordinating conjunctions & rewrite as 2 sentences.

•Find nouns & remove any items following them which are part of the same noun group.

•Find verbs & decide who/what does what

•Find participle, infinitive or prepositional clauses & decide who/what does what

Intensive vs. Extensive



ExtensiveReading large quantities of material or long texts for global or general understanding with the intention of gaining pleasure from the text.

IntensiveReading a text in detail with the intent to understand all structures, lexis and text organisation and at the same time developing reading skills.

Extensive vs. Intensive Reading


When (second languagelearners)read for pleasure,

they can continue toimprove in their second

language without classes, without teachers, without

study & even without people to converse with.

(Krashen 1993 p.84)

Benefits of Extensive Reading…


Pupils developed a wideractive & passive vocabulary.

They used more varied sentencestructure & were better at

spotting & correcting grammaticalmistakes in their writing &speaking. They showed an

overall improvement in writingskills & increased confidence &

fluency in speaking. (Davis1995 p.330)

Benefits of Extensive Reading…


Reading for Pleasure


As a teacher, your role is to MOTIVATE students to read

and this is the most challenging part of Extensive

Reading Although there are many benefits of

reading, that does not mean students

will read.


A story about a festival A story about a sportA story about a very cold place

Step1

Choose the right books

1.Length & Complexity

2.Layout

3.Vocabulary

4.Illustrations

5.Topic

E. Graphics aid understanding of vocabulary & story

B. Short, simple stories with repetitive language.

D. Enjoyable stories that students will be enthusiastic about

C. Ability to understand at least 75-80% of the words

A. Easy to read font size & not too wordy

Implementing an Extensive Reading Program


Step2

Setting upthe program

Have students set up, run & maintain the reading program so they gain a sense of ownership. Things to do include;

• Setting up and running a book loan system.

• Keeping a list of books and updating it.

• Keeping reading records & book reports.

• Keeping books neatly & correctly displayed.Making Things Better for You!


Step3

Run itSuccessfully

1.Be a role model & provide guidance, e.g. read aloud, conduct interviews…

2. Encourage peer feedback, e.g. student presentations, book clubs, mini book fairs

3. Keep it entertaining, e.g. discourage the use of dictionaries, use audio-visual equipment, bring in promotional materials.



Reading Comprehension vs. Reading Skills &

Strategies



Reading ComprehensionTo check learners’ understanding of a text typically through multiple choice questions, true/false statements, wh-questions, gap fills, etc.

Reading Skills & StrategiesTraining students to be more effective readers by teaching them to infer meaning, guess vocab from context, distinguishing key points, etc.

Comprehension vs. Skills & Strategies


Increasing Reading SpeedRepeat reading, for example reading a 100 word passage 4 times in 2 minutes. This can be more effective than reading once slowly.

Reading Skills & Strategies


• What is one quality of an interesting topic?• What is one way to activate schema?• What is one way to present vocabulary?• What is one way to practice vocabulary?• What is one way to predict text?• What is one shared reading activity?• What is one guided reading activity?• What is one top down approach?• What is one bottom up approach?• What is one benefit of extensive reading?• How can you improve reading fluency?

Teaching Reading Summary


Any Questions?


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