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Subpart O - Machine

GuardingOTI 501

Paul Schlumper

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We Will Cover:

Machine Guarding PrinciplesSubpart O - HighlightsMock Plant Walk-Through

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Why are machines not guarded? (cont.)

The guard is in the way

The OSHA inspector didnt say anythingabout it.Well put it back on if OSHA comes.

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Emphasis on Amputations :Where does it apply?

General industry employerswhose workplaces include:

shearssawsslicersslitterspower presses

(the 4s and a P)

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Requirements for Safeguards

Prevent contact - prevent workers body or clothingfrom contacting hazardous moving partsSecure - firmly secured to machine and not easilyremoved

Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects canfall into moving partsCreate no new hazards - must not have shear points,

jagged edges or unfinished surfacesCreate no interference - must not prevent worker fromperforming the job quickly and comfortablyAllow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricatethe machine without removing the safeguards

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Where machine hazards occur:

Point of operationMechanical power transmissionOther moving parts

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Machine Hazards

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Machine Guarding

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In-Running Nip Points

Belt andpulley

Chain andsprocket

Rack andpinion

Rotatingcylinders

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Methods of machine safeguarding

Physical guardsDevicesLocation/Distance

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Methods of Machine Safeguarding

Guardsfixedinterlockedadjustableself-adjusting

Devicespresence sensingpullbackrestraint

safety controls (tripwire cable,two-hand contol, etc.)gates

Location/distanceFeeding and ejection methods

automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and ejectionrobots

Miscellaneous aidsawareness barriersprotective shieldshand-feeding tools

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Guards

FixedInterlockedAdjustableSelf-adjusting

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Fixed Guard

Provides a barrier - a permanent part of themachine, preferable to all other types of guards.

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Interlocked Guard

When this type of guard is opened or removed, thetripping mechanism and/or power automaticallyshuts off or disengages, and the machine cannotcycle or be started until the guard is back in place.

Interlockedguard onrevolving drum

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Adjustable Guard

Provides a barrier which may be adjusted tofacilitate a variety of production operations.

Bandsaw blade

adjustable guard

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Self-Adjusting Guard

Provides a barrier which moves according tothe size of the stock entering the danger area.

Circular table sawself-adjusting guard

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Safeguarding devices

Presence sensingPullbackRestraintSafety controls and trips

Gates

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Pullback Device

Utilizes a series of cablesattached to the operatorshands, wrists, and/or armsPrimarily used on machineswith stroking actionAllows access to the point of operation when the slide/ramis up

Withdraws hands when theslide/ram begins to descend

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Pullback Device (contd)

Hands in die, feedingPoint of operationexposedPullback device attachedand properly adjusted

Die closedHands withdrawn frompoint of operation bypullback device

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Restraint Device

Uses cables or strapsattached to the operatorshands and a fixed pointMust be adjusted to let the

operators hands travelwithin a predeterminedsafe area

Hand-feeding tools areoften necessary if theoperation involves placingmaterial into the dangerarea

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Safety Tripwire Cables

Device located aroundthe perimeter of or nearthe danger area

Operator must be able toreach the cable to stopthe machine

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Two-Hand Control

Requires constant,concurrent pressure toactivate the machineThe operators hands are

required to be at a safelocation (on control buttons)and at a safe distance fromthe danger area while the

machine completes itsclosing cycle

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Gate

Movable barrier device which protects the operator at the

point of operation before the machine cycle can be started

If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function

Gate Open Gate Closed

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Safeguarding by Location/Distance

Locate the machine or itsdangerous moving partsso that they are not

accessible or do notpresent a hazard to aworker during normaloperation

Maintain a safe distancefrom the danger area

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Automatic Feed(shown on power press)

TransparentEnclosureGuard

Stock FeedRoll

Danger Area

Completed Work

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Robots

Machines that load andunload stock, assembleparts, transfer objects,or perform other tasks

Best used in high-production processesrequiring repeatedroutines where theyprevent other hazards toemployees

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Protective Shields

These do not give complete protection from machinehazards, but do provide some protection from flyingparticles, splashing cutting oils, or coolants.

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Holding Tools

Used to place andremove stock in thedanger areaNot to be usedinstead of othermachine safeguards,but as a supplement

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Subpart O - Machinery and Machine

Guarding211 - Definitions212 - General requirements

213 - Woodworking machinery215 - Abrasive wheel machinery216 - Mills and calendars

217 - Mechanical power presses218 - Forging machines219 - Mechanical power transmission

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1910.212

General Requirements for all

Machines

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1910.212(a)(1)

One or more methods of machineguarding shall be provided to protect the

operator and other employees in themachine area from hazards such as thosecreated by the point of operation, in-

going nip points, rotating parts, flyingchips and sparks.

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1910.212(a)(3)(ii)

The point of operation of machines whoseoperation exposes an employee to injury,

shall be guarded

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1910.212(a)(5)

When the periphery of the blades of a fanis less than seven (7) feet above the floor

or working level, the blades shall beguarded. The guard shall have openingsno larger than 1/2 inch.

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1910.212(b)

Machines designed for a fixed locationshall be securely anchored to prevent

walking or moving.

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1910.213

Woodworking Machinery

Requirements

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1910.213(a)(9)

All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, andmoving parts shall be guarded in

accordance with the specificrequirements of 1910.219.

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1910.213(b)(1)

A mechanical or electrical power controlshall be provided on each machine to

make it possible for the operator to cutoff the power from each machine withoutleaving his position at the point of

operation.

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1910.213(b)(3)

On applications whereinjury to the operatormight result if motorswere to restart afterpower failures, provisionshall be made to preventmachines from

automatically restartingupon restoration of power.

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Table Saws

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1910.213(c)(1)Each circular hand-fed ripsaw shall be

guarded by a hood which shallcompletely enclose that portion of thesaw above the table and that portion of

the saw above the material being cut.The hood and mounting shall bearranged so that the hood willautomatically adjust itself to thethickness of and remain in contact withthe material being cut withoutconsiderable resistance.

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1910.213(c)(2)

Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall befurnished with a spreader to prevent

material from squeezing the saw or beingthrown back on the operator.

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1910.213(c)(3)

Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall beprovided with non-kickback fingers or

dogs so located as to oppose the thrust ortendency of the saw to pick up thematerial or throw it back toward the

operator.

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1910.213(d)(1)

Each circular crosscut table saw shall beguarded by a hood which shall meet all

the requirements of 1910.213(c)(1) forhoods for circular resaws.

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Radial Arm Saws

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1910.213(i)(1)

All portions of the saw blade (bandsaws)shall be enclosed or guarded, except for

the working portion of the blade betweenthe bottom of the guide rolls and thetable.

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1910.213(r)(4)

The mention of specific machines inparagraphs (a) thru (q) and thisparagraph (r) of this section, inclusive, isnot intended to exclude otherwoodworking machines from therequirements that suitable guards and

exhaust hoods be provided to reduce to aminimum the hazard due to the point of operation of such machines.

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1910.213(s)(7)

All cracked saws shall be removed fromservice.

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1910.215

Abrasive-Wheel Machinery

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1910.215(b)(9)

The distance between the wheelperiphery and the adjustable tongue or

the end of the peripheral member at thetop shall never exceed one-fourth inch.

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1910.215(d)(1)

Immediately before mounting, all wheelsshall be closely inspected and sounded by

the user (ring test) to make sure theyhave not been damaged.

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Abrasive Wheel Machinery

The distance between the wheel periphery and theadjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch.

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1910.217

Mechanical Power Presses

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1910.217(a)(5)

Press brakes, hydraulic and pneumaticpower presses, bulldozers, hot bending

and hot metal presses, forging pressesand hammers, riveting machines andsimilar types of fastener applicators are

excluded from the requirements of thissection.

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1910.217(b)(4)

The pedal mechanism shall be protectedto prevent unintended operation.

A pad with a nonslip contact area shallbe firmly attached to the pedal.

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1910.217(b)(6)

A two-hand trip shall have the individualoperators hand controls protectedagainst unintended operation and bearranged to require use of both hands.Two-hand trip systems on full revolutionclutch machines shall incorporate anantirepeat feature.

If two hand trip systems are used onmultiple operator systems, each operatorshall have a separate set of controls.

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1910.217(b)(7)

Two-hand controls must incorporate ananti repeat feature, require use of both

hands, be protected against unintendedoperation, have one set of controls foreach operator.

If foot control is provided, the selectionbetween hand and foot control must besupervised by the employer.

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1910.217(c)(1)

It shall be the responsibility of theemployer to provide and insure the use of

point of operation guards or properlyapplied and adjusted point of operationdevices on every operation performed on

a mechanical power press. See Table O-10.

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1910.217(e)(1)

It shall be the responsibility of theemployer to establish and follow a

program of periodic and regularinspections of power presses.

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1910.219

Mechanical Power-TransmissionApparatus

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1910.219(b)(1)

Flywheels located so that any part is 7feet or less above the floor or platform

shall be guarded.Wherever flywheels are above workingareas, guards shall be installed having

sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a shaft orwheel mounting failure.

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1910.219(c)

Horizontal, vertical, and inclined shaftingmust be enclosed.

Projecting shaft ends shall present asmooth edge and end and shall notproject more than 1/2 the diameter of the

shaft unless guarded by non rotating capor safety sleeves.

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1910.219(d)

Pulleys 7ft. or less above the floor orplatform must be guarded.

Pulleys with cracks or pieces broken outof rims shall not be used.

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Portable Power Tools - General SafetyPrecautions

1910.242(a)Employers responsibility

Safe condition of toolsIncluding personal tools

1910.242(b)

Compressed air not used for cleaning exceptwhere reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. and onlywhen effective chip guarding and PPE.

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Power Tools

Classification by power sourceElectric

PneumaticLiquid FuelHydraulic

Powder Actuated

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Power Tools (cont.)

1910.243 (a)(1) Portable Circular Saws

Upper blade guardLower blade guard

Automatically returnsto starting position

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Power Tools (cont.)

1910.243(a)(2)Constant PressureSwitch

Saws and Chainsaws

Lock-on control(single motionturnoff)

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Pneumatic Power Tools and Hose

1910.243(b)Tool Retainer A tool retainer must be

installed on each piece of equipment whereejection could resultAirhose Hose and hose connections mustbe designed for the pressure and service towhich they are subjected

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Explosive Actuated Fastening Tools

1910.243(d)Must meet requirements in ANSI A10.3-

1970Operators and assistants must wear eyeprotectionHead and face protection dependent onworking conditions

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Explosive Actuated Tools (Cont.)

Muzzle must have protective shield orguard at least 3 inches in diameter.

Firing must be dependent on at least 2separate and distinct operations.Firing mechanism must prevent tool

from firing during loading, whilepreparing, if dropped.

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Explosive Actuated Tools (Cont.)

Tools must not be loaded until just beforeintended firing.

Do not point at anyone!Fasteners not driven into hard/brittle oreasily penetrable material

Tools not used in hazardous atmosphere

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Lawnmowers

243(e)Meet the requirements of ANSI B71.1-X1968