m.a. geography i, ii sem. 2020-21 and iii, iv sem. 2021-22

1

GOVT. V.Y.T. P.G. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

DURG (C.G.)

FOR

P.G. GEOGRAPHY

SEMESTER EXAMINATION

M. A. SEM. EXAM. : I (2020-21 )

APPROVED BY BOARD OF STUDIES

DEPTT. OF GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS

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2

GOVT. V.Y.T. PG. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE DURG

DEPARTMENT - GEOGRAPHY

Approved syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY by the members of Board of Studies for the

Sessions 2020 -21

The syllabus with the paper combinations is as under

Semester I:

Paper I: GEOMORPHOLOGY Paper II: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

Paper III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA Paper IV: HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT

V Lab Course / Practical: ADVANCE CARTOGRAPHY

Semester II:

Paper I: CLIMATOLOGY Paper II: POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

Paper III: REGIONAL PLANING AND DEVELOPMENT Paper IV: REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

V Lab Course / Practical: MAP PROJECTION INTERPRETATION OF TOPO.SHEET ; SURVEING – DUMPY LEVEL, THEODOLITE SURVEY.

Semester III:

Paper I: OCEANOGRAPHY Paper II: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

Paper III: REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF MESO REGION OF THE WORLD WITH SEPECIAL REFERENCE TO MONSOON ASIA

Paper IV: GEOGRAPHY AND ECOSYSTEM

V Lab Course / Practical : REMOTE SENSING AND

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE

Semester IV:

Paper I: AGRICULTURE GEOGRAPHY Paper II: BIO-GEOGRAPHY

Paper III: NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Paper IV: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEN

AND COMPUTER MAPPING

V Lab Course / Practical / PROJECT BASED ON FIELD WORK (PHYSICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY )




3 The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2020-21

Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………

Subject Expert (University Nominee)……………………….

Subject Expert (College Nominee)…………………………….

Subject Expert (College Nominee)……………………………

Departmental members

1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..

Syllabus and Marking Scheme for M.A. First/ Second/Third/Fourth Semester

Session 2020-21

04 Theory papers - 320

04 Internal Assessment - 80

01 Practical - 100

( A ) Lab Work – 70

( B ) Record & Viva - 30

Total Marks - 500

Paper No.

Title of the Paper

Marks Allotted in Theory

Marks Allotted in Internal Assessment

Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I 80 16 20 04 05

II 80 16 20 04 05

III 80 16 20 04 05

IV 80 16 20 04 05

V Lab Course

100 36 ---- ---- 04

Total 420 80 24




4

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

* Applicable for the Semester IV

Marks allotted for field Work / Project Report – 80

Marks allotted for Viva/ Presentation – 20

Total marks – 100

Credits – 04

Note: 1. 20 marks = 01 credit in Theory Papers and 25 Marks = 01 Credit in Practical/Project work

Syllabus and Marking Scheme for M.A. First Semester

Session 2020-21


04 Internal Assessments - 80

01 Practical - 100

( A ) Lab Work - 70


Paper No.

Title of the Paper



Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I GEOMORPHOLOGY 80 16 20 04 05

II ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

III REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 80 16 20 04 05

IV HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT 80 16 20 04 05

V Practical : ADVANCE CARTOGRAPHY 100 36 04

Total 420 80 24




5

Total Marks - 500

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2020-21

Name and Signatures

Chairperson / H.O.D ………………………………………………..

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….

Subject Expert……………………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….


1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ………………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. …………………………………………………………………………




6


M.A.I Semester Geography Session 2020-21

PAPER – I

GEOMORPHOLOGY

M . M. 80

Unit – I

Introduction and Evolution:

1. Nature and scope of geomorphology: Meaning & Definition, Field

and Scope of Geomorphology.

2. Fundamental concepts in Geomorphology: Bases of Geomorphic Theories:

Teleological, imminent, Historical, Taxonomic, functional, Realist and

Conventionalist concept of Uniformitarianism by Hutton,

3. Geological structure and land forms: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

Rocks.

4. Age of the earth, Geological time scale.

Unit –II Earth Movements: 5. Epeirogenic and Orogenic & resulting landforms 6. Isostasy- view of Pratt, Airy, Hayford & Bowie, Joly, Arthur Holmes, 7. Plate-tectonic theory: Concept, Sea floor spreading 8. Earthquake: causes and world distribution, 9. Volcano: Types of volcano, Intrusion &Extrusion Topography. Unit – III Exogenic Processes & Concept of Gradation: 10. Weathering and Mass movement: Meaning, Factors controlling Weathering, types of weathering .

11. Mass movement: Meaning, Solifluction, Landslide, Mud flow and related

Land forms.

12. Erosional and depositional processes and resulting landforms: Karst, Arid and

Glacial.




7

13. Slope Analysis & evolution: Introduction, Genetic Classification of slope,

Elements of slope, Quantitative classification of slope.

Theories of slope evolution by Penk and Wood.

Unit – IV

Geomorphic Processes concepts and applications:

14. Geomorphic cycle concept of Davis and Penk,

15. Erosion surface: Meaning, identification, correlation and Dating

16. Applied geomorphology: Definition & scope of applied Geomorphology,

Hydro-Geomorphology, Urban-Geomorphology, Geomorphic Hazards &

Management.

Suggested Readings

1. Chorley, R.J. : Spatial Analysis in geomorphology, Methuen, London, 1972.

2. Goudie, A; The Nature of the environment, oxford & Blackwell, London, 1993.

3. Sharma H.S. (ed) : Perspective in geomorphology, Concept, New Delhi, 1980.

4. Singh, S. : geomorphology, Prayag publication, Allahabad, 1998.

5. Thornbury, W.D. : Principles of geomorphology, Jhonwilley, New York, 1960.

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DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS

There should be very short, short and long answer type of questions in each and every

Unit of the syllabus.




8

The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2020-21.

Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




9




10



PAPER – II

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

M . M. 80

Unit – I

1 .Meaning, Definition & Scope of economic geography.

2 .Recent trends in economic geography.

3 . Relation of economic geography with other branches of social sciences,

4 . Classification of the sectors of economy (primary, secondary and tertiary).

Unit – II

5. Factors of location of economic activities: physical, social, economic and

Cultural.

6. Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions,

7. Crop combination and diversification;

8. Von Thunen’s model and its modification.

Unit – III

9. Classification of Industries: Theories of Industrial location – Weber and losch.

10. Case study of selected Industries: Iron and Steel, Aluminum& Cotton Textiles.

11. Models of transportation and transport cost accessibility and connectivity;

12. Typology of market, market system in urban economy, role of market in the

Development of trade and commerce.

Unit – IV 13 . Economic development of India, Regional disparities. 14. Impact of Green revolution on Indian economy. 15. Impact of White revolution on Indian economy. 16. Globalization and Indian economy and its impact on environment.




11

Suggested Reading

1. Barry, J.L.: Geography of Market Centers and Retail Distribution, Prentice Hall, New York, 1967.

2. Chhatarjee, S.P. : Economic Geography of Asia, Allied Book Agency, Calcutta- 1984.

3. Chorley, R.J. and Haggett. P (Ed) Network Analysis in geography: Arnold, 1969.

4. Rebertsop, D. (ed.) : Globalization ondb Enviroment, e. elgarCo. U.K. 2001.

5. Singh J. and Dhillon. S.S. : Agriculture Geography, McGraw Hill, India, New Delhi 1984.

6. Symons, h. : Agricultural Geography : Bell and sons, London, 1972. 7. Wheeler, J.O.et. al. : Economic Geography : John Willy, New

York,1995. 8. xkSre ]vydk % vkfFkZd Hkwxksy ds ewy rRo ] “kkjnk iqLrd Hkou ] bykgkckn 9. jko]]ch +ih + % lalk/ku vkSj i;kZoj.k ]olqU/kjk izdk”ku xksj[kiqj ]2010


There should be very short, short and long answer type of questions in each and every unit of the syllabus.

The students are required to study the content mentioned in the curriculum exhaustively.


Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




12




13



PAPER – III

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

M . M. 80

Unit – I

Natural Characteristics:

1. An over view of India in the context of Asia and the world.

2. Major Physical features and their characteristics.

3. Regional and seasonal variation of Climate: Indian monsoon origin and related

Theories

4. Climatic division of India.

5. Drainage System of India & their significances

6. Natural Vegetation Types and their distribution

Unit – II

Resources: Reserves, production and problems of conservation of following

major resources and their conservation:-(1,2,3)

7. Mineral – Iron, Copper, Bauxite.

8. Power of resources – Coal, Petroleum, Hydroelectricity, Atomic power.

9. Forest Resources: Major & Minor.

10. Population Resources: Growth, distribution and Density with special reference

to post independence period.

Unit – III

An over view of Indian Economy and its Impact:

11. Agricultural growth of India in Plan Periods and its impact on Indian

Economy.

12. Major crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, jute, Tea,

13. Agricultural regions of India.




14 14. Industry: Industrial development of India an overview.

15. Localisation factors and spatial pattern of major industries in India: –

I. Iron & Steel,

II Cement,

III.Cotton Textiles,

IV. Jute.

Unit – IV

Regions of India:

16. Industrial regions of India.

17. Regional divisions of India :

I. By O.H.K.spate.

II. By R.L.singh.

18 : Detailed study of :

I. Narmada Basin,

II. Marusthali.

III. Chhattisgarh Basin.

IV. Bastar Plateau

Suggested Reading

1. Deshpande, C.D. ; India – A Regional Interpretation, ICSSR Northern Book Centre, New Delhi.

2. Singh, Jagdish ; India Gyanodaya, Gorakhpur. 3. Singh, R.L. , ed India – A Regional Geography. National Geographical

Society of India. Varanasi 1971. 4. Singh R.L. (ed) ; India A – Regional Geography, National

Geographical Society, India VARANASHI, 1971. 5. Tirtha R. & Gopal Krishna, Emerging India Reprinted by Rawat,

Publication Jaipur. 6. Cakly lqks”kpan ] Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy ]feukJh izdk”ku esj+ 7. oekZZ ]jkefoykl ] Hkkjr % ,d HkkSxksfyd foospu




15 DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS

There should be very short, short and long answer type of questions in each and Every unit

the syllabus .



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




16




17



PAPER – IV

HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT

M . M. 80

Unit – 1

1 : The field of geography, its place in the Classification of Sciences.

2 : Geography as a social science and natural Science.

3 : Selected concepts in the philosophy of Geography – Functionalism,

4 : Realism & Idealism.

Unit – 2

5 : Dualisms in Geography :- systematic & regional geography

6 : Physical &human geography.

7 : Regional geography :- Concept of region,types of Region : Geographical –

Physical & cultural.

8: Regionalization and the regional method, delimitation.

Unit – 3

9: The quantitative revolution, responses to positivism, behaviourism, humanistic

Geography.

10: Historical Development:- Contributions of different Scholars during ancient

Greek& Roman – Homer, Herodotus, Strabo & Tolmy.

11 : Historical Development:- Contributions of different Scholars during ancient

Ancient Indian –Aryabhatt, Barahmihir.

12 : Medieval (The Great Age of Maritime, Discovery and Exploration).




18

Unit - 4

13 : Modern period German School – A. V. Humbolt, Carl Ritter. Friedrich Ratzel.

14 : French School – Vidal-De-Blache, Jean Brunhes.

15 : British School – H.J. Mackinder, L.D. Stamp.

16: American School - E. C. Semple, G. Taylor, Geography in the 20th Century.

Suggested Reading

1. Dikshit, R.D. (ed.) : The Art & Science of Geography Integrated Readings ,prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.

2. Hartshome, R. : perspectives on Nature of Geography, Rand MoNaLLy & Co. 1959.

3. Husain, M. : Evolution of Geographic Thout, Rawat Pub, Jaipur, 1984. 4. Johnston, R.J. : The Future of Geography, Methuen, London, 1988. 5. Minshull, R. 5:The Changing Nature og Geography, Hutchinson

University Library London, 1970.

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7 gqlSu ekftn % HkkSxksfyd fparu dk bfrgkl ]jkor ifCyds”ku ]ubZ fnYyh 2004

8 JhokLro ]oh +ds + % HkkSxksfyd fpUru ds vk/kkj ] vkj +ds +cqDl ubZ fnYyh

DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS :

There shall be very short, short and long answer type questions in each and every




Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




19




20



PAPER – V

PRACTICAL 1: ADVANCE CARTOGRAPHY

M . M. 100

Unit – I : Graphs and Diagrams: - Triangular Graph, Logarithmic and Semi Logarithmic graphs, Scatter graphs, and Climatograph.

Unit – II : Proportional circles, spheres and cubes diagram

Unit – III : Thematic Maps :- Chorocromatic, Choropleth, Dot maps, Flow maps.

Unit –IV : Morphmetric Analysis: - Profiles. Unit – V : Slope Analysis, Drainage analysis, Block Diagrams. Suggested Readings

1.Greogory,S.Statistical Methods and the Geographers,Longman,London,1978. 2.Hammond R. and P.S. Mc Cullah ; Quantitive Techniques in Geography : An Introduction . Clarendanpress, Oxfrod, 1974. 3 + ghjkyky % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy ]fdrkc /kj dkuiqj 4 +PkkSgku ]ih +vkj + % iz;ksxkRed Hkwxksy ]olqU/kjk izdk”ku ]xksj[kiqj ]2009


Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




21




22

Syllabus and Marking Scheme for. M.A. Second Semester

Session 2020-21



01 Practical - 100

( A ) Lab Work - 70


Total Marks - 500

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2020-21 .

Name and Signatures

Paper No. Title of the Paper



Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I CLIMATOLOGY 80 16 20 04 05

II POPULATION GEOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

III REGIONAL PLANING AND DEVELOPMENT 80 16 20 04 05

IV REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES 80 16 20 04 05

V Practical: MAP PROJECTION, INTERPRETATION OF TOPO-SHEET; SURVEING – DUMPY LEVEL, THEODOLITE SURVEY.

100 36 --- ---- 04

Total 420 80 24

Chairperson / H.O.D ………………………………………………..

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….

Subject Expert……………………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….


1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ………………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. …………………………………………………………………………




23


M.A.II Semester Geography

Session 2020-21

PAPER – I

CLIMATOLOGY

M . M. 80

Unit – I

Introduction:

1. Meaning & definition, Scope of Climatology, Climatology & Meteorology

2. Composition and structure of atmosphere.

3. Atmospheric Humidity – Absolute, relative, specific humidity,

4. World pattern of precipitation.

5. Acid Rain

Unit – II Atmospheric Air circulation: 6. Air masses: Meaning & Concept, Source Region, Modification of Air mass,

Classification of Air mass

7. Ocean atmospheric interaction: EI Nino and La Nina & Walker Circulation &

El-Nino –Southern Oscillation(ESNO)

8. Cyclones:-Tropical & Temperate.

Unit – III Climatic Regions & Classification: 9. Climatic classification of Koppen, Climatic classification of Thornthwaite.

10. Tropical climatic region of the world: equatorial, monsoon and savanna.

11. Temperate & cold climatic region of the world: Mediterranean, Steppe and

tundra.

Unit – IV Climatic Change & Applied Climatology: 12. Climatic changes its Evidences and possible causes.

13. Global warming and its environmental impacts.




24 14. Interpretation and generation of Climatic information especially:

Climate & soils, Climate & agriculture activities, Climate & Settlement, Weather

and health.

Suggested Readings

1. Crichfield, J.H. : Genral Climatology, Prentice Hall, India, New Delhi,1993

2. Das,P.K. : Monsoons National Book Trust, New Delhi, 1987.

3. Lat, D.S. : Climatology, chaitanya Publications, Allahabad, 1986.

4. Robinson, P.J. and Henderson S. : Contempory Climatology,Henlow,1999.

5. Thampson, R.D. and Perry, A (ed) : Applied Climatology, Priniciples and Practice Routledge, London, 1997.

There shall be very short, short and long answer type questions in each and every



The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2020-21 Name and Signatures Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




25




26


M.A.II Semester Geography Session 2020-21

PAPER – II

POPULATION GEOGRAPHY M. M. 80

Unit – I 1: Population Geography: - Scope and objectives,

2: Development of Population Geography as a field of specialization – Population

Geography and Demography,

3: Sources of population data.

4: Census – meaning, historical development, methods.

Unit – II 5: Population Distribution of the world& their determinants.

6: Population: Density and growth- World pattern and their determinants.

7: Population distribution, density andgrowth profile of India.

8: Population theories – Demographic and Transition.

Unit - III 9: Population composition: - Age and sex ratio, world & India

10: Population composition - Urbanization, occupational structure, of world &

India

11: Population dynamics: - Measurements of Fertility and mortality.

12: Migration: - National and international pattern.

Unit – IV 13: Population and development

14: Population – Resource regions.

15: Population policies in developed and Less developed Countries.

16: India’s population policies.




27 Suggested Readings

1. Census of India, India : A State Profile, 1991.

2. Chandana, R.C. geography of Population : Concept, Determinants and Patterns,

Kalyani Publishers, New York 2000.

3. Clark, John I. , Population Geography, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1973.

4. Mamoria,C.B.India Population Problem,Kitab Mahal,New.Delhi,1981.

5. Mitra, Ashok, India’s Population : Aspects of quality and control, Vol. I & II, Abhinar

Publications, New Delhi 1978.

6. Sundram K.V. and Sudesh Nangia, (ed.) population Geography.Heritage, Publication,

Delhi 1986.

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9 + vks>k ]j/kqukFk %tula[;k Hkwxksy ]izfrHkk izdk”ku dkuiqj 1912

10 + i.Mk ]ch ]ih ]tula[;k Hkwxksy ]e ]iz ]fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh ]Hkksiky ]1992


There should be very short ,short and long answer type of questions in each and Every

unit of the syllabus.



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




28




29


M.A.II Semester Geography

Session 2020-21

PAPER – III

REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

M . M. 80

Unit: I 1. Regional Planning: Definition, Scope, evolution and objective.

2. Region and Regionalism, Planning Region: Concept and Delineation. 3. Concept of Regions. 4. Central Place Theory, Concept of core and periphery Friedmanns Model of Spatial Organization and Economic Growth. Unit:II

5. Regional Development Theories. Development Theory of Myrdal and Hirschman.

6. Economic and Export Base model. 7. Frank’s Theory of Under development.

8. Growth Pole Model. Unit: III 9. Approaches and Strategies of Regional Development. 10. Agropolitan Development. 11. Community Development. River Basin Planning.

12. Metropolitan Planning (with reference to India) Unit: IV

13. Regional Planning in India. 14. Regional Imbalances and Inequalities. 15. Planning for special problem Region: Tribal area(Balod block C.G.), Drought prone areas.

16. Command areas and River basins. Regional Planning and Development in India. Suggested Reading :

1. Abler, R., et.al. : spatial Organisation : The Geographer’s Viewof the world, prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1

2. Bhat, L.S. : Regional Planning in India, A Statistical Publishing Society,

Calcutta, 1973. 3. Christaller, w. : Central Places in Southern Germany, Translated by

C.W. Baskin Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1966. 4. Friedmann, J. and Alonso, W. : Regional Development and planning – A Reader

M.I.T.Press, Combridge, Mass, 1967.




30 5. Government of India, Planning Commission : Third Five Year Plan,

Chapter on Regional Imbalance in Development, New Delhi, 1991.

6. Kunda, A and Raza, Moonis : Indin Economy – The Regional Dimension, Spectrum Publishers, New Delhi, 1982.

7. Mishra, R.P. : Regional Planning: Concepts, Techniques and Policies, University of Mysore,Mysore, 1969.Strategy,

8 pUnzzkdj]bUnzeu % O;kogkfjd Hkwxksy] olqU/kjk izdk”ku] xksj[kiqj m +iz z+ 1998 ] 9 + JhokLrp Ogh +ds + ,oa vU; % izknsf”kd fu;kstu ,oa larqfyr fodkl ]olqU/kjk izdk”ku Xkskj[kiqj 10 + pkWanuk ] vkj +lh + % izknsf”kd fu;kstu ,oa fodkl + vkj +ds +cqDl ubZ fnYyh ]2010 11 + flg ,oa nqcs % izknsf”kd fodkl ,oa fu;kstu] ]vkj +ds +cqDl ubZ fnYyh ]2009

DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS There shall be very short ,short and long answer type of questions in each And every unit of the syllabus.



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




31




32



PAPER – IV REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

M . M. 80

Unit – I 1: Meaning and Basic Concept of Remote Sensing.

2: Basic Principles of Microwave Remote Sensing.

3: Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensor.

Unit – II

1. Digital Image Processing.

2: Types of Image, Advantage of Digital Image.

3: Image Processing Methods, Reasons for low contrast, Contrast Enhancement

Technique.

4: Fundamentals Concept of Aerial Photography.

5: Stereoscopic Vision. Air Photo Interpretation.

Unit – III 1: Fundamental Concept of Photogrammetry

2: Meaning, Development. Geometry of Photographs,

3: Types of Projection.

4: Method of Scale Determination of Aerial Photographs and Maps.

Unit – IV 1: Remote Sensing Applications - Land use and Land cover.

2: Applications of Remote Sensing in Geology.

3: Applications of Remote Sensing in Hydrology.

4: Applications of Remote Sensing in Forestry.

Suggested Readings

1. American Society of Photogrammetry : Manual Remote Sensing ASP Falls Church V.A. 1983.

2. Barrett E.C. and L.P. Curtis : Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Air




33

Photo Interpratation on. Mc MILLAN. New York.1992. 3. Curran. Paul J. : Principles of Remote Sensing : Longman, London.

1985. 4. Luder D. : Aerial Photography Interpretation : Pinciples and Application. C.C.Graw Hill, New York, 1978. 5. Rao D.P. (eds) : Remote Sensing For Earth RESOURCES, Association of Exploration Geography, Hyderbad,1998. 6 + PkkSfu;ky nsoh nRr % lqnwj laosnu ,oa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iaz.kkyh ] “kkjnk iqLrd Hkou gykgkckn ]2009

DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS :

There shall be very short ,short and long answer type of questions in each and Every

unit of the syllabus .



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




34




35



PAPER – V

PRACTICAL - II MAP PROJECTION, INTERPRETATION OF TOPOSHEET AND SURVEYING

M . M. 100

Map projection

Unit-1: Map projection - properties and Construction of World projection,

Choice of projection.

Unit-2 : Interpretation of map –Topographical sheet

Unit-3: Computer Cartography- Data Storage, Elements of Digital Cartography,

Coding and Classification of Map Contents, Cartographic Symbols.

Surveying

Unit-4: Dumpy level survey.

Unit-5: Theodolite survey.

Suggested Reading: 1. Singh, R.L. & P.K. Dutt : Elements of Practical Geography Students trends.

2. Monkhouse, F.J. & H.R. Wilkinson; Maps and Diagrams Mathuen, London.

3. Mahmood, Aslam 1971 : Statistical Methods in Geographical studies Rajesh Pub., New Delhi.

4. Gregory, S. Statistical Methods and The Geographer.

5. Hammond & Mccullah 1977 : Quantitative Techniques in Geography, Clarendon Press,Oxford.

6. Fitz, Gomid, B.P. : Science in Geography, Developments in Geographical Method, Oxford

University Press.

7.Yeaters,M.: An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis in Human Geography, McGraw Hill,

NewYork.

8. ekWd gkml rFkk fofYdUlu 1976 % ekufp= rFkk vkjs[k] e-iz- dsnkjukFk ] jkeukFk] esjB-

9. usxh] Mh-,l- % Hkwxksy esa vk/kkjHkwr lkaf[;dh] dsnkjukFk ] jkeukFk] lsB-

10. ghjkyky % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy] fdrkc?kj] dkuiqj-

11. vkj-lh- frokjh ,oa lq/kkdj f=ikBh % vfHkuo iz;ksxkRed Hkwxksy] iz;kx iqLrd Hkou] bykgkckn-




36 12 + iqufe;k ckypUnz % losZ{k.k ,oa {ks=h; dk;Z ]Hkkx & ,d ,oa nks ]y{eh ifCyds”ku ]fnYyh 2000

13 + “kekZ ] ts+ + ih + % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy ]jLrksxh ifCyds”ku esjB ]

14 +pkSfu;ky ]nsoh nRr % lqnwj laosnu ,oa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh ]”kkjnk iqLrd Hkou ]bykbkckn 2009


Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




37




38

Syllabus and Marking Scheme for M.A.Third Semester

Session 2021-22


04 Internal Assessment - 80

01 Practical - 100

( A ) Lab Work – 70


Total Marks - 500

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Note: 1. 20 marks = 01 credit in Theory Papers and 25 Marks = 01 Credit in Practical/Project work The

Syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 . Name and Signatures Chairperson / H.O.D ………………………………………………..

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….

Subject Expert……………………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….


1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ………………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. …………………………………………………………………………

Paper No.

Title of the Paper



Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I OCEANOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

II SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

III REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF MESO REGION OF THE WORLD WITH SEPECIAL REFERENCE TO MONSOON ASIA

80 16 20 04 05

IV GEOGRAPHY AND ECOSYSTEM 80 16 20 04 05

V Practical : REMOTE SENSING AND QUANTITA-

TIVE TECHNIQUE 100 36 04

Total 420 80 24




39


M.A.III Semester Geography Session –2021-22

PAPER – I

OCEANOGRAPHY

M . M. 80

Unit – I

Introduction:

1. Oceanography: Nature and scope

2. Historical development of Oceanography.

3. Major features of ocean Basins: Continental Shelf, Continental Slope,

Deep Sea Plain and Trenches

4. Marine Deposits.

Unit – II

Physical and chemical properties and Currents of sea water:

5. Temperature & Salinity

6. Surface Currents of Pacific, Atlantic& Indian Ocean.

7. Thermohaline

8. Tides: Meaning and concept, Generation forces, Tide timing, Types of tide

Theories of Tide origin: Stationary Waves Theory of Harish and

Progressive Wave Theory of William Havell. Unit – III Marine Biological Environment: 9. Bio – Geochemical cycles in the ocean,

10. Marine Biozones: Concept, Significances and types. 11. Types of Organisms (Marine life Forms):- Plankton, Nekton and Benthos, 12. Major Marine Environment: Coastal Wetland, estuaries & pelagic Habitats Environment




40 Unit –I V 13. Impact of Human on Marine Environment

14. Exclusive economic zone,

15. Law of Sea

16. Formation of coral – reefs: Theories of Coral –reef and Atolls

I. Subsidence Theory of Darwin

II.Stand Still Theory of Murray

III.Glacial Control Theory of Dally

Suggested Readings

1. Davis, Richard J.A. : “Oceanography – an Introduction to the Marine Environment” Wm. C. Brown.

2. Duxbury. C.A. and Duxbury B. : An Introduction to the World’s Oceans – C. Brown. Towa 2nd ed.1996.

3. Sharma, R.C. :” The Oceans” Rajesh N. Delhi, 1985.

4. Ummerkutty, A.N.P. Science of the Oceans and Human life, NBT,New Delhi 1985.

5. flg ]lfoUnz & leqnz foKku ]iz;kx iqLrd Hkou ]bykgkckn

6. usxh ]ch +,l + % tyok;q rDkk leqnz foKku ]dsnkjukFk ]jkeukDk izdk”ku ]esjB


There shall be very short, short and long answer type of questions in each and every Unit of the syllabus



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




41




42


M.A.III Semester Geography Session – 2021-22

PAPER – II

SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

M. M. 80

Unit – I 1: Definition, Scope and Subject Matter. 2: Evolution of Rural Settlements.

3: Types of Rural Settlements.

4: Morphology of Rural Settlements.

Unit – II 1: Rural Dwellings and House Types. .

2: Rural Service Centers.

3: Problems of Rural Settlements.

4. Planning of Rural Settlements.

Unit – III 1: Site and Situation of Towns.

2: Origin and Growth of Towns.

3: Urban Functions and Functional Classification of Towns.

4: Central Place Theory.

Unit – IV

1: Hierarchy of Urban Settlements.

2: Urban Land –use and Internal Structure of Cities.

3: Urban Morphology.

4: Urban Problems and Urban Planning.





1. Baski n,C. (Transal at or), Central Places in Southern Germany, Pretice – Hall Inc. Englewoodd Chifis New Jersey, 1966,Originally written by C.W. Christallar In. German with title Die Zentralen Orte

Sudddutsch Land in1933.

2. Census of India, House types and Settlement Patterns of Villages in India, GOI,New Delhi 1961.

3. Haggett, Peter, Andrew D.Chiffand Allen Frey (editors), Locational Models Amold Heinemann 1979.

4 Mayer, M.Harold and Clyde F. Kohn (editors), Readings in Urban Geography, Central Book Depot, Allahabad 1967

5. Ramachandran, R, Urisation and Urban systems in India, oxford University, PressNew Delhi 1992.

6. Singh R.L.and Kashi Nath Singh (editors), Readingsin Rural Settlement Geography,National Geographical Society of India, Varanasi 1975.

7. Sinha V.N ,Verma U and Sahay A –Introduction to Settlement 8. Geography,rajesh Publications New Delhi ,2017. 9. jko ] ch ]ih ] uxjh; Hkwxksy ] olqU/kjk izdk”ku ]xksj[kiqj m +iz =2000&1 10. Cakly ]lqjs”k pUn % Ukxjh; Hkwxksy ]ehuk{kh izdk”ku ]esjB 11. frokjh ]vkj ]lh +% vf/kokl Hkwxksy ]vkj ]ds +cqDl ubZ fnYyh ]2009 12. flg ]mtkxj % uxjh; Hkwxksy ]m +Ikz +fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh ]y[ku# ]1974


There shall be very short, short and long answer type of question in each and Every unit of the Syllabus. The students are required to study the content mentioned in the curriculum exhaustively. The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 .Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




44




45



PAPER – III

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF MESO REGION OF THE WORLD WITH SEPECIAL REFERENCE TO MONSOON ASIA

M . M. 80

Unit – I 1: Region as a geographical entity: meaning definition, evolution and regional

Concept.

2: Basis of Regionalization/ grouping of countries – Natural Region.

3: Cultural Region & political Region

4: A Survey of systematic grouping countries:- examples : Monsoon Asia-East Asia,

South Asia, South-East Asia.

Unit – II 5: Systematic Geography of monsoon Asia, physical resources- Mineral Resources

6: Power Resources – coal, petroleum, hydro-electricity.

7: Biotic Resources - Forest

8: Physical resources and development issues of Monsoon Asia.

Unit – III

9: Systematic Geography of monsoon Asia in terms of population

10: Human Settlements in monsoon Asia.

11: Urbanization of monsoon Asia

12: Immigration

Unit – IV 13: Systematic Geography of monsoon Asia in terms of its economy – Agriculture

14: Industries in monsoon Asia.

15: Region in the context of globalization

16: Changing population environment Relationship.





1. Ahmad, K.S. : Geography of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Karacht,1964.

2. Dobby, e.h.g. : Southeast Asia, University of London Press, London 1960.

3. Spate, O.H.K. and Learmonth, A.T.A. : India and Pakistan and Ceylon, Methuen &Co. London, 1967.

4. Trewartha, G.T. : Japan : A Physical and cultural Gultural Geography, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1965.

5. Wolmington, M.W. : Middle East ; Centre of Supply. University Press, London,1971

6 . ekS;Z ],l ]Mh +% fo”o dk iazknsf”kd Hkwxksy ]izokfydk izdk”ku 2015 7. flg ]dk”khukFk % ekulwu ,f”k;k ]rkjkifCyds”ku ]okjk.klh m +iz +


There shall be very short, short and long answer type of question in each and Every unit of the syllabus.



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




47




48



PAPER – IV

GEOGRAPHY AND ECOSYSTEM M . M. 80

Unit – I 1: General Systems: - Ecological concepts: Geography as human ecology,

2: Ecosystem – Concept and components, Ecosystem form and function:-Trophic

Level ecological pyramids, ecological niche, energy and nutrient in the ecosystem,

3: Hydrological cycle

4: Food chains and food webs.

Unit – II 1: Major Terrestrial Ecosystems of the world: Agricultural, forests, grassland and

Desert.

2: Population growth and environment,

3: Land resources

4: World food Security.

Unit – III 1: Man- environment relationship: Resource use and ecological imbalance with

Reference to soil, forests and energy resources.

2: Biodiversity and its conservation; Biodiversity Regions of India

3: Sardar Sarover Project and National Parks.

Unit – IV 1: Environmental Legislation - Environmental Laws in India - wild Life Act,

2: Water Act,

3: Forest Act,

4: Environment Protection Act and National Environment, Tribunal Act.





1. Chandna, R.C. : Environmental Awareness, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1998.

2. Odum, E.P. : Fundamentals of Ecology, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1971.

3. Singh, S. : Environmental Geography, Prayag Publications, Allahabad, 1991.

4. Smith, R.L. : Man and his Environmental : an Ecosystem Approach, Harper &

Row, London, 1992.

5. U.N.E.P. : Global Environmental Out Look, U.N. Pub. , New York, 1998.

6. World Resources Institute : World Resources, (Latest Report) Washington D.C

7. gksrk ]ftlsUnz % tSo Hkwxksy

8. flag ]lfoUnz % i;kZoj.k Hkwxksy ]iz;kx ifCyds”ku ]bykgkckn ]


There should be very short , short and long answer type questions in each and every unit of

the syllabus.



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




50




51



PAPER – V

PRACTICAL - III REMOTE SENSING AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

M. M. 100

Unit-I

Study of satellite Image-Annotation, Identification of features on FCC

Imageries, Tracing of details from satellite imageries.

Unit-II Basic Principles of Image interpretation of Physical and cultural details

and preparation of Land use and Land cover map using IRS Images .

cartographic Modeling : Supervised and Unsupervised digital image

classification.

GPS : Use of GPS to check /update the existing topographical map.

Unit-III Measures of Central tendency, Dispersion and Variability, Product Moment Correlation, Rank Correlation Unit-IV Linear - Regression. Unit- V Hypothesis Testing; Chi- square and “T” tests, Sampling Techniques:Point, Line and Area Sampling.. Suggested Readings

1. Gregory, S. Statistical Methods and the Geographer, London,1978. 2. Johnston R.J. , Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography,

Longman, London, 1973. 3. Rao D.P. (eds.) Remote Sensing For Earth Resources, Association of

ExplorationGeophysists, Hyderabad, 1998. 4. Singh R.L.and Dutta, P.K. : Elements of Practical Geography, Students

Friends,Allahabad. 1968. 5. Negi, BALBIR Singh, Practical Geography Thrid revised Ed. Kedar

Nath ani.e.A 1958

6 + JhokLro ]ch ]ds ]%Hkwxksy esa lkaf[;dh; ]olqU/kjk izdk”ku




52


There should be very short , short and long answer type questions in each and every unit of

the syllabus.

The students are required to study the content mentioned in the curriculum exhaustively. Name and Signatures


Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




53




54

Syllabus and Marking Scheme for M.A. Fourth Semester

Session 2021-22



01 Practical - 100

( A ) field Work / Project Report– 80

( B ) Viva/ Presentation – 20

Total Marks - 500

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


Paper No.

Title of the Paper



Credits

Max Min Max. Min.

I AGRICULTURE GEOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

II BIO-GEOGRAPHY 80 16 20 04 05

III NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 80 16 20 04 05

IV GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

SYSTEM AND COMPUTER MAPPING 80 16 20 04 05

V Lab Course / Practical / PROJECT

BASED ON FIELD WORK (PHYSICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY )

100 36 04

Total 420 80 24




55


M.A.IV Semester Geography Session – 2021-22

PAPER – I

AGRICULTURE GEOGRAPHY

M . M. 80

Unit – I

Introduction to Agriculture geography:

1: Nature & scope: Meaning & definition, Scope and objectives.

2: Development History of Agriculture geography

3: Approaches to the study of agricultural Geography:

Systematic, Regional, Inductive, Deductive, Behavioural, Ecological and Welfare

Unit – II Agricultural Land use : 4: Determinants factors of agricultural Land use such as Physical, economic,

social and Technological .

5: Agriculture Land holding and land tenure systems, Land reforms & Govt. Land

use Policy and Planning.

6. Methods of Agriculture regionalization:

Crop Combination Region and methods of Measurements,

Concept of Cropping intensity and methods of measurement.

Cropping Pattern.

Unit – III Theories of agricultural location based on multi- dimensioned factors & Land

Capability:

7. Von Thunen’s theory of agricultural location and its recent modifications

8. Whittlesey’s classification of agricultural regions.

9. Land use and Land Capability: Meaning, purpose, land use capability

Classification in India, Britain and United States of America.




56 Unit – IV Agricultural issues & Challenges in India :

10: Green Revolution, White Revolution, Dry Land Farming

11: Contemporary Issues of Indian Agriculture:

Drought and food security,

Role of irrigation,

Fertilizers and insecticide- pesticides,

Technological knowhow.

12. Agricultural Policy in India

Suggested Readings

1. Gregor, H.P. : Geography of Agriculture. Prentice Hall, New York,1970. 2. Grigg, D.B. : The Agricultural Systems of the world, Cambridge University

Press, New York 1974. 3. Morgan W.B. AND Norton, R.J.C. : Agricultural Geography, Mathuen, London,

1971. 4. Mogra, W.B. : Agriculture in the Third World – A Spatial Analysis. Westview Press, Boulder, 1978. 5. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. : Agricultural Geography, Tata Mcgraw Hill Pub.;

New Delhi, 1988. 6 dqekj ]izehyk % d`f’k Hkwxksy ]e/; izns”k fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh Hkksiky ]2008 7 gqlSu ]ekftn % df̀’k Hkwxksy ]jkor ifCyds”ku t;iqj 8 c/ksy ]vuqlq;k % df̀’k Hkwxksy ]gksjhtu cqDl ubZ fnYyh ]2015


There should be very short, short and long answer type questions in each and

every unit of syllabus.

The Syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 . Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




57




58



PAPER – II

BIOGEOGRAPHY M . M. 80

Unit – I 1: Definition, Scope and development of Biogeography

2: Environment &Habitat

3: Plant- Animal association,

4: Biome types – Tropical, Temperate & Polar

Unit – II 6: Elements of plant geography

7: Distribution of forests and major communities.

8: Plant succession – Meaning & Tyeps

9: Plant successions in newly formed landforms.

Unit – III 10: Zoo-geography and its Environmental Relationship.

11: World zoo-geographical regions.

12: Palaeobotnical records of environmental change in India.

13: Palaeo climatological records of environmental change in India.

Unit – IV 14: National Forest Policy of India & Chhattisgarh.

15: Conservation of Biotic Resources

16: Forest

17: Wild life




59 Suggested Readings:

1. Agrawal,D.P. : Man and Enviroment in India Through Ages, Book &

Books,1992. 2. Cox, C.D. AND Moore, P.D. : Biogeography : An Ecological and

Evolutionary Approach 5th edition. Blackwell, 1993. R.B. Publication Corporation, 1987.

4. Pears, N : Basic Biogeography 2nd edn. Longman, London,1985. 5. Simmon, I.G. : Biogeography, Natural and Cultural, Longman,

London 1974. 6. dqyJs’B ]dkerk izlkn % tSo Hkwxksy ]fdrkCk ?kj dkuiqj 1964 7. gksrk ]thrsUnz dqekj % TkSo Hkwxksy ,oa ikfjfLFkd ra= ]”krk{kh izzdk”ku ]lerk dkyksuh

jk;iqj + 8. flag ]lfoUnz % i;kZoj.k Hkwxksy ]iz;kx iqLrd Hkou ]bykgkckn ]2015


There should be very short, short and long answer type questions in each and

every unit of syllabus.

The Syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 .

Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




60




61


M.A. IV Semester Geography Session – 2021-22

PAPER – III

NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

M . M. 80

Unit – I 1: Introduction- Concept, models

2: Approaches to natural resource management

3: Problems of resource utilization

4: Population pressure - development and resource use.

Unit – II 5: Use and misuse of resources -Global and Indian scenario

6: Historical background and future prospects of various resources

7: Soil & Water resource

8: Minerals & forests resource

Unit – III 9: Conservation and management of resources: - Meaning & principles

10: Philosophy and approaches to conservation

11: Resource conservation and management methods.

Unit – IV 12: Resource appraisal and policy making: - Appraisal of land resources,

13: Use of GIS and Remote Sensing in resource appraisal.

14: Conservation of resources & Resource Development.

15: Sustainable resource management concept & methods.




62 Suggested Readings :

1. Hooja, r. & Joshi, R. : Desert, Drought and Development, studies in Resource Management and Sustainability ; Rawat Publication. Jaipur, 1994.

2. Howard, M.C. (ed.), Asia’s Environmental Crisis, West view Press, Prouldar,1993.

3. Kates, R.W.& Burton, 1 (eds) : Geography, Resources and Environment, Vol. I & II University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1986.

4. Mc Laren, D.J. and Skinnet B.J. (eds) : Resources and world Develqament, John Willy & Sons, New York, 1986.

5. Simmons, L.G. Air & Water ; Resources and Environment in Late 20th CenturyEdward Arnold, New York,1991.

6 + _rqjkuh ]yksds”k JhokLro % lalk/ku izva/k ]fo”ofo|ky; izdk”ku fnYyh ]2007 7 + flg ]dk”khukFk ,oa vU; % vkfFkZd Hkwxksy ds ewy rRo ] olqU/kjk izdk”ku xksj[kiqj m +iz + DIRECTIVES FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS

There should be very short ,short and long answer type of questions in Each and every unit of the syllabus .



Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




63




64



PAPER – IV

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND COMPUTER MAPPING

M . M. 80

Unit – I

1: Meaning and Concept of GIS, Objective, history of GIS, Data Method-Raster

and Vector.

2: Computer requirement for Remote Sensing and GIS.

3: GIS Data Model and Structure, types. Spatial Data Models for GIS.

4: Data Inputting Method and Editing.

Unit – II 5: GIS and Remote Sensing Integration: Definition, Problems in Integration Using

Reference System.

6. Internet GIS: Definition of Internet, Special work of Internet,

Components of Inter Net: External Components, Internal Components.

7. Transmission Control Protocol: ICP/ Internet Protocol-IP Network.

8. Internet and GIS-Advantage of GIS.

Unit -III

9. Digital Elevation Model- Definition, Digital Terrain Model Various Structure

of DEM.

10.Computer Cartography: Definition of Cartography and Geographical

Information System, factors affecting the Computer Cartography.

11. Cartographic Data Storage.

12. Principle of Computer Cartography, Cartographic Information Analysis.

Symbology, Cartographic sign System.




65 Unit- IV

1. Digital Cartography: Cartographic Models, Elements of Digital Cartography,

Map and Digital spatial data Base,

2 Data Modeling for Creating Digital spatial Data, Coding and Classification of

Map Contents.

3 Physical Design, Map Design, Map Literacy, Digital Cartography and GIS

4 Automated Cartography- Common Elements of Maps, Relevance of Elements,

Map Layout Elements, Effective Communication Elements, Cartographic

Symbols.

Suggested Readings

1 Aronoff S. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective,

DDl Publication Ottawa, 1989.

2 Fraser Taylor D.R. Geographic information System, Pergamoon Press,Oxford

1991.

3. Mark S Monmonier, Computer- assisted Cartography, Prentice-Hall,Englewood

Cliff, New Jerseyy,1982.

4 Star J and J. Estes, Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, Prentice

Hall, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey, 1994.

5. Yeung Albert K.W. ,Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information

Systems, Prentice jHall of India Private limited New Delhi –110001, 2004.

5. PkSfu;ky nsoh nRr % Lkqnwj Lkaosnu ,oa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh] ] “kkjnk iqLrd Hkou

bykgkckn&211002 +

FOR STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EXAMINERS There should be very short, short and long answer type questions in each and every Unit of the syllabus. The students are required to study the content mentioned in the curriculum exhaustively The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 .

Name and Signatures

Chairperson/H.O.D. …………………………………………………





1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ……………………………………………………………………..




66




67



PAPER –V PROJECT BASED ON FIELD WORK

(PHYSICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY)

M . M. 80

Trace the prominent features of area to be surveyed, identify salient land from features of selected area on a topographical sheet. Unit –I Identify the landforms on the surface, while in the field. Also note the agents of erosion, transportation and deposition associated with the landforms. Unit –II Observe the relationship of various landforms, flora and fauna with land- use, settlement structure and life style of people. Unit –III Procure a cadastral map of the village/ town for field mapping of the features of land –use and land quality. Procure/prepare the settlement – site map through rapid survey to map the residential, commercial, recreational (parks, playground), educational. Religious and other Prominent features. Unit–IV Conduct a socio – economic survey of the households with a structured. Supplement the information by personal observations and perceptions. Unit–V Based on observations of the land-use and results of the socio- economic enquiry of the households, prepare a critical field – survey report. Photographs and sketches, in addition to maps and diagrams, may supplement the report.




68 The syllabus for M.A. GEOGRAPHY is hereby approved for the sessions 2021-22 .

Name and Signatures

Chairperson / H.O.D ………………………………………………..

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….

Subject Expert……………………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….


1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ………………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. …………………………………………………………………………




69




70

CREDIT ALLOTMENTS

Theory Paper = 05 credits (04+01)

Practical = 04 credits

TOTAL CREDITS / PROGRAMME : 16 Theory + 03 Practical + 1Project work – 80 + 16 =

96 credits

Name and Signatures

Chairperson /H.O.D……………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….

Subject Expert……………………………………………………………

Subject Expert ………………………………………………………….


1. ……………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………….

3. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. ………………………………………………………………………




m.a. geography i, ii sem. 2020-21 and iii, iv sem. 2021-22

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