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This material is based on work supported by the National

Science Foundation ("NSF") under Grant No. 0607010. Any

opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations

expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

WhatareHazardousWastes?

Whyaretheysoharmfultohumansandtheenvironment?

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Ourwastescanbeharmfulfortwo

reasons: Thereissimplytoomuchofit.

Itisharmfulbecausecertainchemicals

containedinthewaste

canharmlivingthings

eveninverysmalldoses

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WhatisHazardousWaste?

AccordingtotheUSEPA:

HazardouswasteisawastewithproperFesthatmakeitdangerousorpotenFallyharmfulto

humanhealthortheenvironment.

Hazardouswastescanbeliquids,solids,containedgases,orsludges.

Theycanbethebyproductsofmanufacturingprocessesorsimplydiscardedcommercialproducts,likecleaningfluidsorpesFcides.

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WhatisaHazardousWaste?TheEPAhas4criteriathatclassifywaste

asHazardous:

>lammable

>Corrosive

>ReacFve

>Toxic

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ExamplesofHazardousWaste

OrganicCompounds

HouseholdWastes HeavyMetals

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SyntheFcOrganicCompounds

NonbiodegradableSyntheFcorganiccompoundsandpetroleumderivedcompoundsresistdecomposiFonbybacteria,

fungusandinsects

ManysyntheFccompoundsaretoxicbecausetheycanbeabsorbedbytheskinandactasmutagens,carcinogens,teratogensandendocrinedisrupters

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OrganicCompounds:

Examples: PlasFcs RubberTires WoodPreservaFves PesFcides Solvents

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HouseholdWastes

HouseholdhazardouswastesresultfrommaterialscommonlyusedinandaroundthehomethatcontainoneormoreoftheEPA

hazardouswastematerialcriteria

USciFesgenerate1.6milliontonsofhouseholdhazardouswasteannually

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HouseholdWastes

Examples: Cleaningproducts

Ovencleaners,toiletcleaners,bleach,andammonia

Paintbasedproducts

Paintthinners,stains,woodpreservaFves

Gardeningandpestcontrolproducts PesFcidesandrodenFcides

GeneralProducts BaXeries,glues

AutomoFveproducts Gasoline,motoroil,solvents,brake

fluid,anFfreeze

EWaste Cellphones,personalcomputers,i

pods,laptops

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HeavyMetals

HeavymetalsoccurnaturallyintheenvironmentasconsFtuentsoftheearth'scrust.

AnthropogenicacFviFes(mining,agriculturalacFviFes,wastedisposals,fuelcombusFons)canrearrangemetaldistribuFonpaXernsresulFnginsitespecificelevated

concentraFons.

Becausetheyarechemicallysimilartobeneficialmetalssuchascalcium,zincandiron,heavymetalsreplacethem

inmanyimportantproteinsinthebodycausingawide

rangeofproblems.

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HeavyMetals

HeavyMetalsareusedwidelyinelectronicsandthefabricaFonofmetalsExamples:

Lead Mercury Chromium Copper Tin

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HazardousWaste

Manymaterialscanbeconsideredhazardousdependingonthecriteriaitmeets

AnythingcanbetoxicdependingonhowmuchispresentandinwhatconcentraFon

Evensubstancesnecessaryforlifelike,oxygenorwatercanbetoxicifthereistoomuchofit