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A serious emergency comes upon you suddenly.

When it happens, you must take decisive, effective action

immediately, to minimize harmperhaps even to save a life.

It is essential that you prepare for the emergency in advance.

Materials must be in place and ready to use. You and your

people must already know what to do.

What do you need when

that moment comes?

How can you be confident

that the emergency training

you and your employees

received is scientifically and

medically reliable?

32 The ScienTific AdviSory council

The American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council

Depth and Breadth

The American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council is a large panel of nationally recognized experts drawn

from a wide variety of scientific, medical, and academic disciplines. The Council provides the Red Cross with

authoritative guidance on first aid, CPR, emergency treatments, rescue practices, emergency preparedness,

aquatics, disaster health, nursing, education, and training.

This expert guidance ensures that Red Cross practices and

recommendations align with the latest evidence-based

knowledge in science and medicine.

How the Council Works for You

Council members continuously monitor their fields of expertise for important developments in emergency

science. Council action can also begin elsewhere, with a

new technology or product entering the field, or with an inquiry from a local Red Cross chapter about how best to

handle a particular kind of emergency.

You can be confident that the emergency training, recommendations, and guidance you get from the Red

Cross are founded on solid, evidence-based science and

medical knowledge.

A Comprehensive Foundation of Scientific and Medical Expertise

The Scientific Advisory Councils diversity of professional specialties gives it an

important and unique attribute: a broad, multidisciplinary foundation to ensure a

thorough evaluation of new emergency response methods and techniques.

The members of the Council are organized into the following five subcouncils,

based on their individual areas of specialization:

AquaticsThe Aquatics Subcouncil

reviews ways to keep people

safe around water, including

lifeguarding techniques; swimming instruction;

causes, recognition, and prevention of water

emergencies; rescue, resuscitation,

and transport.

CPR The CPR Subcouncil studies cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

(CPR), choking, and general resuscitation. The Subcouncil also studies

defibrillation and the optimized use of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs).

First AidThe First Aid Subcouncils range of study is quite broad,

including the care of victims

in every scale of emergency, from caring

for oneself to care rendered by professional

emergency responders or by laypersons

providing care on the roadside, in the

wilderness, in a shelter: everything up to the

care provided at a hospital.

Nursing and Caregiving The Nursing and Caregiving

Subcouncils focus is on the knowledge and skills necessary

to ensure health and safety when providing

person-centered, culturally sensitive, evidence-

based care to others.

Preparedness and Disaster HealthThe Preparedness and Disaster Health Subcouncil looks for

the best ways to prepare for emergencies of

every kind, from those that occur in the home

to regional disasters, including how to train

people to be more resilient after hardship, and

how to keep communities whole and businesses

operating. The Subcouncil also addresses how

to provide acute and chronic medical and

mental care under disaster conditions, for

disaster victims and for the emergency staff

caring for them.


A Vast Resource of Real-World Experience

Learning What Really Works Best, from the Ground UpThe American Red Cross has been helping people

prevent, prepare for, and handle emergencies for more

than 125 years.

Each year we respond to more than 70,000 disasters and emergencies nationwide, ranging from single-family

home and apartment fi res to workplace accidents, from hazardous materials spills to hurricanes and other natural

disasters affecting millions of people.

We have developed an invaluable body of solid, practical

experience. The sort of experience you and your

organization can truly depend on in an emergency.

The Red Cross fi eld organization allows the Scientifi c Advisory Council to quickly augment its scientifi c and medical expertise with actual data from the fi eld.

Many Council members themselves work in the fi eld with the Red Cross and other organizations, gathering

fi rst-hand knowledge of what works best under actual emergency conditions.

Making Sure It WorksThe Council monitors the effectiveness of all its

recommended emergency techniques after they are issued

to the fi eld. This includes scrutiny of program feedback from local chapters and on-going, pro-active reviews.

In addition, every new recommendation is reviewed

and updated three years after being issued, and all

recommendations are reviewed in the light of new

research every fi ve years.

Emergencies Dont Happen Under Laboratory Conditions

Emergencies dont fall neatly within a single

scientifi c or medical discipline.

Consider the Scientifi c Advisory Councils guidance

for handling a drowning emergency. It includes

how best to recognize and approach a potential

victim (Aquatics Subcouncil), how to resuscitate

the victim (CPR Subcouncil), and how to handle

and transport the victim (First Aid Subcouncil).

The Councils multidisciplinary approach delivers

the full range of what you need in a real emergency:

leading-edge, evidence-based scientifi c expertise,

plus the crucial know-how of generations of true,

hands-on fi eld experience.

This multidisciplinary approach is important.

Simply put, Red Cross training means better

outcomes for you and your people out here in the

real world where real emergencies happen.

76 THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COUNCIL

A Wealth of Scientific Expertise and Practical Experience, Working for You

You Can Trust the American Red Cross

No one wants an emergency. No one wants to

experience a disaster. But we know this: such

unwelcome events will happen.

Thats why it is so important to be ready, to prepare in advance, in case an emergency should happen to

your organization.

The Red Cross can help you make your organization

ready, with a full complement of materials and

training based on solid, evidence-based research.

Materials and training guided by the deep scientific expertise and broad experience of the American Red

Cross Scientific Advisory Council.

Using the extensive field

experience of the Red Cross,

the Scientific Advisory Council

translates the latest advances

in scientific and medical

knowledge into clear and

easy-to-remember life-saving

procedures, designed to be

followed even in the stress of

an emergency.

David Markenson, MD, FAAP, EMT-P

Chair, Member, Selection Committee

Linda Quan, MD

Vice Chair

Aquatics Subcouncil Peter G. Wernicki, MD, Sub-Council Chair Peter Chambers, PhD, DO Roy Fielding, MS, LGIT, WSIT Stephen J. Langendorfer, PhD Teresa (Terri) Lees, MS William Dominic Ramos Louise Kublick

CPR Subcouncil Richard N. Bradley, MD, Sub-Council Chair Siobn Kennedy, MA, ACP, CQIA Stamatios Lerakis, MD, PhD, FAHA, FACC, FASE,

FASNC, FCCP Michael G. Millin, MD, MPH, FACEP Ira Nemeth, MD Joseph W. Rossano, MD Joan Elizabeth Shook, MD, FAAP, FACEP Wendell E. Jones, MD, MBA, CPE, FACP

First Aid Subcouncil Andrew MacPherson, MD, Sub-Council Chair Kris Arnold, MD David Berry, PhD, ATC Jeffrey H. Fox, PhD RADM Robin M. Ikeda, MD, MPH, USPHS Lewis J. Kaplan, MD, FACS, FCCM, FCCP Edward J. McManus, MD Member,

Selection Committee

First Aid Subcouncil (continued) Jeffrey L. Pellegrino, PhD, WEMT-B/FF S. Robert Seitz, MEd, RN, NREMT-P Nici Singletary, MD, FACEP Jeffrey S. Upperman, MD Adelita G. Cantu, PhD, RN Sarita A. Chung, MD

Nursing and Caregiving Subcouncil Jean Johnson, PhD, RN, FAAN, Sub-Council Chair Carolyn Christy Blackstone, MSW, LCSW Barbara J. Burgel, RN, ANP, PhD, FAAN Susan L. Carlson, MSN, APRN, ACNS-BC,

GNPBC, FNGNA Marie O. Etienne, DNP, ARNP, PLNC Susan M. Heidrich, PhD, MSN Deanna Colburn Hostler, DPT, PhD (ABD) Carla M. Tozer, MSN, APN/CPN, ACHPH,

ANPBC, GNP-BC Tener Goodwin Veenema, PhD, MPH, MS, FNAP,

FAAN, Member, Selection Committee

Preparedness and Disaster Health Subcouncil James A. Judge II, CEM, Sub-Council Chair,

Selection Committee Chair

Judith Bass, PhD MPH Richard Bissell, PhD, MS, MA Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., MD, MPH, DTM,

FAAP, FACEP Steven J. Jensen, PhD Thomas D. Kirsch, MD, MPH, FACEP John Roderick Lindsay Rebecca S. Noe, MN, MPH, FNP Scott C. Somers, PhD Erika S. Voss, CBCP, MBCI

Members of the Scientific Advisory Council


The American Red Cross is the nations premier provider of education, training, and products that enable people to prevent, prepare for, and respond to disasters and other

life-threatening emergencies.

We use classroom training and digital tools such as apps, web-based content, and

downloadable resources to teach emergency skills and give preparedness guidance to

over 15 million people a year.

Choosing a training partner is an important decision, one on which your peoples health and safety and perhaps even their lives could depend.

You can be confi dent that the materials and training provided by

the Red Cross are guided by the Scientifi c Advisory Council. They

are prepared with a solid foundation in evidence-based medical

and scientifi c research and the vast, real-world experience of the

American Red Cross.

A Choice You Can Be Sure Of

10 The ScienTific AdviSory council 11

confidenceconfidenceconfidenceconfidenceconfidenceThe American Red Cross Scientifi c Advisory Council is a panel of nationally recognized experts in emergency medicine, sports medicine, emergency

medical services (EMS), emergency preparedness, disaster mobilization, and other public health and safety fi elds. The Council helps assure that Red Cross courses, training materials, and products incorporate the latest scientifi c and technical information.

For more information about how the American Red Cross can assist you in

improving your organizations safety and preparedness program, contact your local Red Cross chapter or visit redcross.org.

2013 American Red Cross.

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