m1.2.2 biotechnologies are pushing sustainable palm oil production
TRANSCRIPT
Biotechnologies are pushing sustainable palm oil production
Alain Rival CIRAD Coordinator for Oil palm research
Regional Director for South-‐East Asian Island Countries Jakarta, Indonesia
Dedicado a la memoria de Mauricio Herrera, con toda mi amistad y profundo respeto.
Mauricio, escúcheme: aquellas biotecnologías son de verdad un gran futuro para la
palma de aceite! Tonterias!
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Oil palm sustainability is in the public debate
Biotechnologies also are in the public debate
Biotechnologies are not restricted
to GMOs
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
Simple Biotechnology facts
• Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products
• It uses the controlled and deliberate manipula6on of biological systems for the efficient manufacture or processing of useful products
• For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food produc6on and medicine
• The fabrica=on of wine, bread, beer, cheese, vinegar, tradi6onal medicine, breeding of plants and animals are very ancient biotechnologies
Genotype is what is in the DNA
PROTEINS Structural Regulatory Enzyma6c
Synthesis Changes
Degrada6on
Protein/DNA Protein RNA Interac1ons
Synthesis Modifica6ons Degrada6on
LIPIDS Structural
Energy storage
GLUCIDS Structural
Energy storage
DNA Storage and transmission of genetic information
The Cell Factory
THE GENOME
THE PROTEOME
THE TRANSCRIPTOME
The oil palm biotechnologies cloud
A sustainable palm oil production
• Agroecology • Breeding • Waste management • Precision Agriculture • Best agricultural practices • GreenHouse Gas mitigation • Integrated Pest Management • Environmental services
• Agroecology • Breeding • Waste management • Precision Agriculture • Best agricultural practices • GreenHouse Gas mitigation • Integrated Pest Management • Environmental services
ECOLOGICAL
INTENSIFICATION
• Poverty alleviation • People’s rights • Workers’ rights • Land grabbing • Public policies • Ethical investments • Public/private Partnership
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• Agroecology • Environmental services • Breeding • Waste management • Precision agriculture • Best agricultural practices • Greenhouse Gases mitigation • Integrated Pest Management
Biotechnologies are tools for sustainability
• Agroecology • Environmental services • Integrated Pest Management • Breeding • Waste management • Precision agriculture • Best agricultural practices • Greenhouse gases mitigation
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
Characterizing biodiversity
DNA BARCODING
• Agroecology • Environmental services • Integrated Pest Management • Breeding • Waste management • Precision agriculture • Best agricultural practices • Greenhouse Gases mitigation
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
• Marker Assisted Breeding • Micropropagation • Gene discovery
Certifying the origin and traceability of planting material • Optimized management of genetic resources (core collections) • Certification of pedigrees in genetic trials and seed gardens • Certification of tenera trait in seeds
Improving the selection efficiency in E. guineensis • Fine-‐tuning of the selection of genitors • Agronomical traits QTL identified, MAB under way • Resistances to pathogens (Fusarium wilt)
Biotechnologies at work: Molecular breeding
The time course of gene expression during oil palm fruit development
Biotechnologies at work: Gene discovery
Identifying sources of tolerance to PC Combining genes of
interest originating from E. oleifera and E.
guineensis
Cloning BC palms
Clonal planting material
Elaeis guineensis BackCross (E.g x E.o) x E.g
Cloning of tolerant individual palms
Detecting genes for tolerance/resistance
to PC
Cloning BC1 palms
Biotechnologies at work: Clonal micropropagation
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C1001 C1501 C6501 C7001
Field trials in PC infested zones
Clonal planting material
Exploiting variability
Hybrids (E.oleifera x E.guineensis)
Cloning outstanding individual palms 23% OER and 30 t FFB/ha
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Clonal micropropagation Biotechnologies at work: Clonal micropropagation
Clonal planting material
Biotechnologies at work: Epigenetics of flowering
The Next Generation Sequencing Revolution
DNA sequencing capability is growing exponentially Costs are coming down 2X per year
• Agroecology • Environmental services • Integrated Pest Management • Breeding • Waste management • Precision agriculture • Best agricultural practices • Greenhouse Gases mitigation
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
Understanding life in soils and water
METAGENOMICS
THE METAGENOMICS PROCESS
DETERMINE WHO IS THERE (Sequence-‐based metagenomics)
• Identify organisms, genes and metabolic pathways • Compare to other communities • Compare treatments and cultural practices
DETERMINE WHAT THEY ARE DOING (Function-‐based metagenomics)
• Screen to identify functions of interest, such as nitrate reduction, or carbone fixation • Find the genes that code to functions of interests
Extract all DNA from microbial community in sampled environment
DNA sequencing
The NGS Revolution impacts oil palm research
o The vanishing gap between crop and model plant species o Whole Genome Sequence availble
o Metagenomics of soil and water
o Transcriptomics and gene discovery
o Genomic selection
o Epigenomics
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Muchas gracias por su amable atencion
Tonterias!