m. tech. (transportation engineering) effective · pdf filejawaharlal nehru technological...

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University – Kakinada

M.Tech. (Transportation Engineering)

M. Tech. (TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING) Effective from 2010 – 2011 admitted batch

Semester – 1

S. No Title L P C Internal External

1 Applied Numerical Methods 4 0 40 60

2 Pavement Materials and Construction 4 0 40 60

3 Traffic Engineering 4 0 40 60

4 Design and Evaluation of Pavements 4 0 40 60

5 Optimization Techniques 4 0 40 60

6 Elective – 1 4 0 40 60

7 Transportation Engineering - 1 Lab 0 4 20 30

Semester – 2


1 Aviation Infrastructure Planning 4 0 40 60

2 Project Engineering 4 0 40 60

3 Pavement Management System 4 0 40 60

4 Urban Transport Planning 4 0 40 60

5 GIS for Transportation Engineering 4 0 40 60

6 Elective -2 4 0 40 60

7 Transportation Engineering - 2 Lab 0 4 20 30

Semester – 3


1 Seminar

2 Project

Semester – 4


1 Project



2

Applied Numerical Methods

Linear system – Gaussian elimination and Gauss – Jordan methods – matrix inversion – Gauss Seidel method – Nonlinear equations – Regula-falsi and Newton- Raphson methods – interpolation – Newton‘s and Lagrange‘s interpolation Linear Algebra: Matrices, Matrices decomposition: LU decomposition, Cholesky decomposition,

Spectral decomposition, Matrix Eigen-value problem, Gerchgorin’s theorem, Eigen value by

iteration, generalized inverse of a matrix, solution of linear system by decomposition method, Jacobi

method. Probability distributions: Introduction to probability and random variables, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Geometric distribution, Hyper Geometric distribution, Normal distribution, Log-Normal distribution, Uniform distribution, Exponential distribution, Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, and Weibull distribution. Parameter Estimation: Random samples, sampling distributions of mean and variance. Point estimators, the method of maximum likelihood, and the method of moments. Confidence interval estimation of – mean, and variance. Hypothesis Testing Statistical hypothesis tests, Operations characteristic curve. Tests of hypothesis on the mean of a Normal Distribution, Tests of hypothesis on the means of two Normal distributions, The paired t-test, Tests of hypothesis on one variance, Tests of hypothesis for the equality of two variances, The testing of goodness of fit. Design and Analysis of Experiments: Fundamental assumptions of analysis of variance, single factor experiments, Latin square and Graeco-Latin square designs, Design of experiments with several factors- Two factor factorial experiments. Regression Analysis: Introduction, Bi-Variate Normal distribution and the associated marginal and conditional distributions, estimation and analysis of simple regression models Correlation Analysis: correlation coefficients, analysis of correlation coefficients, Hypothesis tests associated with regression and correlation coefficients, curvilinear regression models, Multiple regression models, multiple and partial correlation coefficients. BOOKS: 1. Bowker and Liberman, Engineering Statistics, Prentice-Hall, 1972. 2. Venkataraman, M.K., Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering, National Publisher Company. 3. Freund, J. E.; ―Mathematical Statistics‖, PHI, New Delhi, (1990) 4. Curtis F Gerald and Patrick O Wheatly, ―Applied Numerical Analysis‖, Pearson Education, 2002.



3

Pavement Materials and Construction Pavement Materials Aggregates: Origin, classification, requirements, properties and tests on road aggregates, concepts of size and gradation - design gradation, maximum aggregate size, aggregate blending to meet specification Bitumen and Tar: Origin, preparation, properties and chemical chemical constitution of bituminous road binders; requirements. Bituminous Emulsions and Cutbacks: Preparation, characteristics, uses and tests Adhesion failure, mechanism of stripping, tests and methods of improving adhesion Bituminous Mixes: Mechanical properties, dense and open textured mixes, flexibility and brittleness, No Hveem Stabilometer & Hubbard-Field Tests) bituminous mix, design methods using Rothfuchs Method only and specification using different criteria - voids in mineral aggregates, voids in total mix, density, flow, stability, percentage voids filled with bitumen Pavement Construction Equipment in Highway Construction: Various types of equipment for excavation, grading and compaction - their working principle, advantages and limitations. Special equipment for bituminous and cement concrete pavement and stabilized soil road construction Sub-grade: Earthwork grading and construction of embankments and cuts for roads. Preparation of sub-grade, quality control tests Flexible Pavements: Specifications of materials, construction method and field control checks for various types of flexible pavement layers Cement Concrete Pavements: Specifications and method of cement concrete pavement construction; Quality control tests; Construction of various types of joints. Books: 1. RRL, DSIR, `Bituminous Materials in Road Construction', HMSO Publication 2. RRL, DSIR, `Soil Mechanics for Road Engineers', HMSO Publication 3. Khanna, S.K., and Justo, C.E.G., `Highway Engineering', Nem Chand and Bros. Roorkee 4. Sharma, S.C., `Construction Equipment and its Management', Khanna Publishers



4

Traffic Engineering Traffic Characteristics: Basic traffic characteristics - Speed, volume and concentration. Relationship between Flow, Speed and Concentration Traffic Measurement and Analysis: Volume Studies - Objectives, Methods; Speed studies - Objectives: Definition of Spot Speed, time mean speed and space mean speed; Methods of conducting speed studies. Speed Studies: Methods of conducting speed studies; Presentation of speed study data; Head ways and Gaps; Critical Gap; Gap acceptance studies. Highway Capacity and Level of Service: Basic definitions related to capacity; Level of service concept; Factors affecting capacity and level of service; Computation of capacity and level of service for two lane highways Multilane highways and free ways. Parking Studies and Analysis: Types of parking facilities - on street parking and off street Parking facilities; Parking studies and analysis. Traffic Safety: Accident studies and analysis; Causes of accidents - The Road, The vehicle, The road user and the Environment; Engineering, Enforcement and Education measures for the prevention of accidents. Traffic Control and Regulation: Traffic Signals - Design of Isolated Traffic Signal by Webster method, Warrants for signalisation, Signal Co-ordination methods, Simultaneous, Alternate, Simple progression and Flexible progression Systems. Traffic and Environment: Detrimental effects of Traffic on Environment; Air pollution; Noise Pollution; Measures to curtail environmental degradation due to traffic. Books 1. Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning - L.R. Kadiyali, Khanna Publishers. 2. Traffic Engineering - Theory & Practice - Louis J. Pignataro, Prentice Hall Publication. 3. Principles of Highways Engineering and Traffic Analysis - Fred Mannering & Walter P. Kilareski, John Wiley & 50ns Publication. 4. Transportation Engineering - An introduction - C. Jotin Khistry, Prentice Hall Publication. 5. Fundamentals of Transportation Engineering - C.S.Papacostas, Prentice Hall India.



5

Design and Evaluation of Pavements Analysis and Design of Pavements

Introduction: Highway and airport pavements, Types and component parts of pavements, their differences - Factors affecting design and performance of pavements. Stresses and Deflections in Flexible Pavements: Stresses and deflections in homogeneous masses. Bur mister‘s two-layer theory, three layer and multi layer theories; wheel load stresses, various factors in traffic wheel loads; ESWL and EWL factors. Pavement behavior under transient traffic loads. Problems on above. Flexible Pavement Design Methods for Highways: CBR method-Principle –Testing as per IRC, AASHTO and Asphalt Institute and Shell Method. Problems on above. Stresses in Rigid Pavements: Factors affecting design and performance of pavements. Types of stresses and causes, factors influencing the stresses; general considerations in rigid pavement analysis, EWL, wheel load stresses, warping stresses, frictional stresses, combined stresses. Problems on above. Rigid Pavement Design: Types of joints in cement concrete pavements and their functions, joint spacing; design of CC pavement for roads and runways, design of joint details for longitudinal joints, contraction joints and expansion joints. IRC method of design by stress ratio method. Design of continuously reinforced concrete pavements, Problems on above Pavement Evaluation

Introduction: Structural and functional requirements of flexible and rigid pavements; pavement distress; different types of failures, causes. Evaluation of Surface Condition: Methods of measurement of skid resistance, unevenness, ruts and cracks. Pavement surface condition evaluation by physical measurements, by riding comfort and other methods; their applications. Evaluation of Pavement Structural Condition: Evaluation by non-destructive tests such as FWD, Benkelman Beam rebound deflection using BBD for flexible overlay design, Plate load test, wave propagation and other methods of load tests; evaluation by destructive test methods, and specimen testing. Books: 1. Yoder, E.J., and Witczak, `Principles of Pavement Design', 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, 1975. 2. Yang, `Design of Functional Pavements', McGraw Hill Book Co. 3. Khanna and Justo, ‗Test Book of Highway Engineering’ Nemchand brothers, Roorkee-2004. 4. Huang, 'Pavement Analysis', Elsevier Publications 5. Haas and Hudson `Pavement Management System', McGraw Hill Book Co., New York. 6. HRB/TRB/IRC/International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements. 7. Relevant IRC Publications 8. CMA Hand Book



6

Optimization Techniques

Introduction: Statement of optimization problems – classification of optimization problem – classical optimization techniques; Single variable optimizations, Multi variable optimization, equality constraints, Inequality constraints, No constraints. Linear Programming -1: Graphical method for two dimensional problems – central problems of Linear Programming – Definitions – Simplex – Algorithm – Phase I and Phase II of Simplex Method – Revised Simplex Method. Linear Programming -2 Simplex Multipliers – Dual and Primal – Dual Simplex Method – Sensitivity Analysis – Transportation problem and its solution – Assignment problem and its solution by Hungarian method – Karmakar‘s method – statement, Conversion of the Linear Programming problem into the required form, Algorithm. Non Linear Programming (One-Dimensional Minimization: Introduction – Unrestricted search – Exhaustive search – Interval halving method – Fibonacci method. Non Linear Programming: (Unconstrained Optimization): – Introduction – Random search method – Univariate method – Pattern search methods – Hooke and Jeeves method, Simplex method– Gradient of a function – steepest descent method – Conjugate gradient method. Non Linear Programming – (Constrained Optimization): Introduction – Characteristics of the problem – Random search methods – Complex method. Dynamic Programming: Introduction – multistage decision processes – Principles of optimality – Computation procedures. Decision-Making: Decisions under uncertainty, under certainty and under risk – Decision trees – Expected value of perfect information and imperfect information. Books: 1. Kalyanmoy Deb, ―Optimization for Engineering Design, Algorithms and Examples‖, Prentice

Hall, 2004. 2. Hamdy A Taha , ―Operations Research – An introduction‖, Pearson Education , 2002.



7

Elective I: Transportation Structures

Investigations and Planning: Investigations for culverts and minor bridges, Investigations for major bridges - topography, catchment, hydrology, geotechnical aspects, construction resources - design flood discharge - methods, linear waterway. choice of foundation for piers and abutments - types - cost ratio - clearance - choice of foundation - open, pile, well, block foundations - relative suitability. setting out for piers and abutments for minor and major bridges. classification of culverts and bridges - components of bridge structures - loading standards - railway and road loading standards. Foundations I : Open foundations - excavation under G W T., baling out, cofferdams - floating caisson process - individual footings - raft footings - design considerations. pile foundations - types - load tests - strength - lateral resistance - construction of driven and cast-in-site piles - design considerations. Foundations II: Well foundation - types - caissons - design of wells - well sinking - open sinking and pneumatic sinking - materials for staining - concrete in staining - bottom plug, sand filling and well cap. Piers, Abutments, Superstructure: Piers and abutments - function, aesthetics, materials; wing walls - construction aspects. Superstructure - types - choice of materials - design principles, considerations and criteria of pipe culverts, slab culvert, box culvert, causeways. Rc Bridges - Design Principles: Design of T beam and slab bridge - design principles of rc balanced cantilever bridge and articulation. Design concepts of rigid frame bridges - thumb rule design of masonry arch bridges - design of bowstring girder bridge and components. Elements of Prestressed (Post Tensioned and Pretensioned) Concrete Bridge Design: Size, prestress force, eccentricity, design of cables, end blocks. Features and Design Consideration Of Bridges: Suspension bridges, cable stayed bridges and their components; bearings - types - design of rocker and roller bearings. Construction And Maintenance: Bridge superstructure construction - supports and centering for RC bridges - erection of precast RC girders and steel girder bridges - maintenance of bridges, strengthening of masonry arch bridges. Books 1. Victor J, ―Essentials of Bridge Engineering", Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1999. 2. Krishna Raju N, ―Design of Bridges‖, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1998. 3. Bakht B and Jaeger L G, ―Bridge Deck analysis simplified‖, McGraw Hill book company, Singapore, 1987 4. Ponnuswamy S, " Bridge Engineering", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1986. 5. IS and IRC Codes



8

Elective – I: Ground Improvement Techniques Introduction to Ground Modification: Need and objectives of Ground Improvement, Classification of Ground Modification Techniques - suitability and feasibility, Emerging Trends in ground improvement. Mechanical Modification: Methods of compaction, Shallow compaction, Deep compaction techniques -Vibro floatation, Blasting, Dynamic consolidation, pre-compression and compaction piles, Field compaction control. Hydraulic Modification: Methods of dewatering - open sumps and ditches, Wellpoint system, Electro-osmosis, Vacuum dewatering wells; pre-loading without and with sand drains, strip drains and rope drains. Physical and chemical modification: Stabilisation with admixtures like cement, lime, calcium chloride, fly ash and bitumen. Grouting: Categories of grouting, Art of grouting, Grout materials, Grouting techniques and control. Reinforced Earth Technology: Concept of soil reinforcement, Reinforcing materials, Backfill criteria, Art of reinforced earth technology, Design and construction of reinforced earth structures. Soil Confinement Systems: Concept of confinement, Gabbion walls, Crib wal!s, Sand bags, Evergreen systems and fabric formwork. Miscellaneous Techniques Design, Construction and applications of stone columns, lime columns and Cofferdams Books: 1. Manfred R. Hansmann - Engineering principles of ground modification - McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., New York. 2. Robert M. Koerner - Construction and Geotechnical methods in Foundation Engineering - McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., New York. . 3. Winterkorn and Fang - Foundation Engineering Hand Book - Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 4. Aris C. Stamatopoulos & Panaghiotis C. Kotzios - Soil Improvement by Preloading – John Wiley & Sons Inc. Canada. 5. P. Purushothama Rao - Ground Improvement Techniques - Laxmi Publications (P) Limited.



9

Elective –I: Environmental Impact Assessment

Introduction: Environment and its interaction with human activities – Environmental imbalances. Attributes, Impacts, 'Indicators and Measurements - Concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact Statement, Objectives of EIA, Advantages and Limitations of EIA Environmental Indicators - Indicators for climate - Indicators for terrestrial subsystems - Indicators for aquatic subsystems - Selection of indicators - Socio-economic indicators – Basic information - Indicators for economy - Social indicators - Indicators for health and nutrition - Cultural indicators - Selection of indicators. Environmental issues in water resource development - Land use - Soil erosion C1nd their short and long term effects - Disturbance and long term impacts - Changes in quantity and quality of flow ¬Sedimentation – Environmental impact assessment of water resource development structures – Case studies, Water Quality Impact Assessment - Attributes, Water Quality Impact Assessment of Water Resources Projects, Data Requirements of Water Quality Impact Assessment for Dams, Impacts of Damson Environment, Case Studies. Environmental Issues in Industrial Development: On-site and Off-site impacts during various stages of industrial development, Long term climatic changes, Green house effect, Industrial effluents and their impaction natural cycle, Environmental impact of Highways, Mining and Energy development Methodologies for Carrying Environmental Impact Assessment: Overview of Methodologies .Ad hoc, Checklist, Matrix, Network, Overlays, Benefit Cost Analysis, Choosing A Methodology, Review Criteria. Books: 1. Jain, R.K., Urban, L.V., Stracy, G.S., (1991), "Environmental Impact Analysis", Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 2. Rau, J.G. and Wooten, D.C., (1996), "Environmental Impact Assessment", McGraw Hill Pub. Co., New York 3. UNESCO, (1987), "Methodological Guidelines for the Integrated Environmental Evaluation of Water Resources Development", UNESCO/UNEP, Paris 4. Canter, L.W., (1997), "Environmental Impact Assessment", McGraw Hill Pub. Co., New York.



10

Transportation Engineering Lab – 1

Tests on Pavement Materials Aggregates: Gradation- Routhfutch Method- Shape tests-Aggregate Impact Test- Los Angeles Abrasion Test – Compressive strength of Aggregates- Specific Gravity Test and Water Absorption Test, bulkage of sand Bitumen: Penetration Test-Ductility Test- Softening point Test-Flash and Fire Point Test- Viscosity test- Stripping Test- Marshall Stability Mix Design-Analysis, Binder content determination (Pavement Core Drilling machine) Cement Concrete: Normal Consistency Test- Sp. Gravity Test on Cement- Fineness test Cement- Compressive strength of Cement- Tests on Fresh Concrete- Tests on Fine Aggregates. Cement Concrete Mix Design Soil: Basic Tests-Gradation-dry and wet-Hydrometer Analysis- Atterberg Limits- Compaction Test- Specific gravity Test-Density-Sand Replacement Method-Core Cutter method -Triaxial and Shear Test- CBR Test, Plate load test. Soil stabilization. Tests on Pavement Evaluation Benkelman Beam tests, Roughness survey of roads, Pavement evaluation using DCP, MERLIN



11

Aviation Infrastructure Planning Introduction: Growth of air transport, airport organization and associations, Classifications of airports airfield components, airport traffic zones and approach areas. Aircraft Characteristics Related to Airport Design: Components, size turning radius, speed, airport characteristics Capacity and Delay: Factors affecting capacity, Determination of runway capacity related to delay, gate capacity, Taxiway capacity Airport planning, surveys and Design: Airport Site Selection, Runway length and width, sight distances, longitudinal and transverse grades, runway intersections, taxiways, clearances, aprons, numbering, holding apron, noise control, Problems. Planning and Design of the Terminal area: Operational concepts, space relationships and area requirements, vehicular traffic and parking at airports. Airport Grading and Drainage: Grading of airport area, hydrology, design of drainage systems, construction methods, layout of surface drainage and subsurface drainage system, Problems. Air Traffic Control and Aids: Runways and taxiways markings, day and night landing aids, airport lighting, ILS and other associated aids. Books: 1. “Planning and Design of Airports” - Robert Horenjeff, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill

Book Co.

2. “Airport Engineering”- G. Glushkov, V.Babkov, Mir Publuishers, Moscow.

3. “Airport Planning and Design”- Khanna, Arora and Jain, Nem Chand and Bros.,

Roorkee

4. Harry.R.Cedergern. “Drainage of Airfield pavements”- John Wiley and Sons.

5. Virender Kumar and Satish Chandra, “Airport Planning and Design”- Galotia Publication press.



12

Project Engineering Introduction to Project Management: A systems Approach, Systems Theory and Concepts, Organization, Management Functions, Overview of Management Objectives, Tools and Techniques, Project Management - Processes and Organizational Structures – Team Management - Project Manager as a Team Leader - Leadership Qualities, PMIS Project Planning and Scheduling: Bar chart planning – CPM Network construction: Activities and events, logic and interdependence in network, time computations, critical period and path, floats – PERT Network: time estimates, Beta distribution, expected time, standard deviation, probability of achieving desired time targets for projects. Resource Optimization: Resource aggregation diagrams as per early start and late start - smoothing by activity start time manipulation - Levelling of resources according to constraints - priorities of activities - sort rules - Minimum project duration subject to resource constraints. Time Cost Optimization: Direct and Indirect costs and their relation to time – Activity crashing – Normal and Crash duration and corresponding cost of activities – Cost slope – Crashing of network to optimize cost and duration of a project – Operations Research Technique to optimize assignment of tasks to groups of workmen, transport of materials quarries to sites Contracts Management; Tenders: Types, tender notice, tender documents, submission, opening, scrutiny and award – Contract agreement: types of contracts, their relative merits and suitability – Principal clauses and conditions in contract agreement – Payment for works : measurements, bills, deductions Economic Analysis: Methods- BCR-NPV-IRR –Their Basic Characteristics, Illustrative applications on above Methods of Economic Analysis, Comparison of the Methods of Analysis when Applied to a Group of Mutually Exclusive Alternatives, Economic Evaluation of Null Alternative, Characteristics and Limitations of the Different Methods of Economic Analysis, Ranking of Independent Projects, Sensitivity Analysis. case studies and problems Project Financing: Project Financing options; Public Private Partnership in Transportation projects; Types of PPP, Institutional arrangement for project financing; Re- Financing of Debts; Construction financing for contractors Quality Control and Assurance Quality Management and Safety in Construction Industry: Quality control by statistical methods, sampling plan, control charts, ISO 14000, Safety Measures, Safety Programmes, Safety Awareness and Implementation of Safety Plan – Compensation Books: 1. Herold Kerzner - Project Management - A systems approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling.CBS Publishers and Distributors. 2. Choudhary, S. Project Management, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., 3. Raina UK, Construction management Practices, Tata Me G~awhill Publishing Company Ltd. 4. Sengupta Band Guha H, Construction Management and Planning, Tata McGraw-Hili Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.



13

Pavement Management Systems

Introduction: Definition -Components of Pavement Management Systems, Essential features. Pavement Management Levels and functions: Ideal PMS- Network and Project levels of PMS-Influence Levels- PMS Functions- Function of Pavement evaluation Pavement Performance: Serviceability Concepts- roughness- Roughness Components-Equipment-IRI -modeling techniques, structural condition deterioration models, mechanistic and empirical models, HDM and other models, comparison of different deterioration models. Functional Evaluation: Functional and Structural deterioration models, unevenness prediction models and other models, comparison. Case studies. Equipments Evaluation of Pavement Structural capacity:- Basics- NDT and Analysis—Condition Surveys- Distress-Destructive Structural Analysis- Application in Network and Project Levels Design Alternatives and Selection: design objectives and constraints, basic structural response models, physical design inputs, alternate pavement design strategies and economic evaluation, life cycle costing, analysis of alternate pavement strategies based on distress and performance, case studies. Equipments Rehabilitation and Maintenance: Identification of Alternatives-Deterioration Modeling- Priority Programming Methods. Expert Systems and Pavement Management: Role of computers in pavement management, applications of expert systems for managing pavements, expert system for pavement evaluation and rehabilitation, knowledge-based expert systems, case studies. Books 1. Ralph Haas and Ronald W. Hudson, 'Pavement Management System', McGraw Hill Book Co. 1978 2. Ralph Haas, Ronald Hudson Zanieswki. 'Modern Pavement Management, Kreiger Publications 3. Proceedings of North American Conference on Managing Pavement 4. Proceedings of International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements NCHRP, TRR and TRB Special Reports



14

Urban Transportation Planning Travel Demand Concept Demand function: Independent variables: Travel attributes; Assumptions in Travel demand estimation; Sequential, Sequential recursive and Simultaneous process. Data Collection and Inventories Study area definition; Zoning principles; Travel data collection - Road side interview, Home interview; IPT surveys; Sampling techniques; Expansion factors; Use of Secondary sources in data collection. Travel Demand Estimation Four step Travel Demand Forecasting approach; Trip generation Analysis; Zonal models Category analysis; Household models; Trip attraction of work centres. Trip Distribution Mode Factor methods; Gravity model; opportunity model. Mode Split Analysis Mode choice behaviour; Comp~ting modes; Diversion curves; Probabilistic approaches. Traffic Assignment Traffic network and coding; Minimum path trees; All or nothing assignment; Capacity restraint assignment; Corridor Identification; Plan preparation and Evaluation; Deficienc analysis. Books

Introduction to Transportation Planning - M.J.Bruton; Hutchinson cf London Ltd.

Introduction to Urban System Planning - B.G.Hutchinson; Mc Gra Hill.

Urban Transportation Planning Guide - Roads & Transportation Association of Canada; University of Toronto Press.

Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning - Kadiyali L.R. Khanna Publishers



15

GIS for Transportation Engineering Introduction to GIS: Introduction, GIS over view, use of GIS in decision making, Data processing, Components of GIS, The GIS and the organization. Data Input and Output: Data input - Key board entry, Manual digitizing, Scanning, Remotely and sensed data, existing digital data, census related data sets, Data output - Hard copy and soft, copy devices. Data Quality: Components of data quality - Micro level, Macro level components, Sources of error, A note about data accuracy. Data Management: The data base approach, 3 classic data models, Nature of geographic data, Spatial data models, Databases for GIS. GIS Analysis and Functions: Organizing geographic data for analysis, Maintenance and analysis of the spatial data and non-spatial attribute data and its integration output formatting. Implementing a GIS: Awareness, Developing system requirements, Evaluation of alternative systems, System justification and Development of an implementation plan, System acquisition and start up, Operation of the system. Application of GIS in Transportation Engineering – I : Intelligent information system for road accessibility study, GIS data base design for physical facility planning, Decision support systems for land use planning Application of GIS in Transportation Engineering – II: GIS applications in environment impact assessment, GIS based Highway alignment, GIS based road network planning, GIS based traffic congestion analysis and accident investigation. Books 1.GIS A Management, Perspenfi Stan Aronoff, WDL Publisher.



16

Elective - II: Design and Management of Rural Roads Introduction: Importance of Rural roads, Classification of rural roads, Terrain classification, Socio-economic impact of rural roads. Planning and Alignment: Data base for master plan, Concept of network planning, Rural Roads plan, Road alignment, Governing factors for route selection, Factors controlling alignment, Special considerations while aligning hill roads, Surveys, Detailed project report, Environmental issues Geometric Design: Introduction, Design speed, Basic principles of geometric design, Elements, Horizontal and vertical alignment, Alignment compatibility, Lateral and vertical clearances Road Materials: General, Soil and material surveys, Soil as road construction material, Stabilized soils, Aggregates for pavement courses, New materials and stabilizers, Materials for bituminous construction, Materials for semi-rigid and rigid pavement, Materials for special pavements Climatic suitability of concrete materials Pavement Design: Introduction, Design parameters, Pavement components, Design of flexible pavement, Design of semi-rigid pavement, Design of rigid pavement, Design of special pavements, Drainage and Shoulders Specifications and Construction: General, Selection of construction materials and methodology, Earthwork, Sub-base, Base course, Bituminous constructions, Semi-rigid pavement construction, Concrete pavements, Construction of special pavements, Equipment required for different operations. Green Road Concept and Use of Waste Materials: Introduction, Significance of green roads, Fly ash for road construction, Iron & steel and copper slags, Lime-rice husk ash concrete, Recycled concrete aggregate, Other waste materials. Quality Control in Construction: General, Pre-requisite, Specifications and codes of practice, Quality control tests during construction. Maintenance: General, Distresses/defects in pavements, Definitions of maintenance activities, Inventory of road and inspection, Types of maintenance, Classification of maintenance activities, Maintenance norms of maintenance cost. Books 1. IRC: SP 20-2002 ‗‘Rural Roads Manual‘ 2. IRC: SP 72-2007 ‗Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements for Low Volume Rural Roads‘ 3. IRC: SP 62-2004 ‗Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Cement Concrete Pavements for Rural Roads‘ 4. IRC ‗Specifications for Rural Roads‘, MoRD, 2004 5. CRRI ‗Various Reports on Use of Waste Materials‘

Elective – II: Rail Road Engineering



17

Introduction: Important development of Indian Railways, organization of Indian Railway, Track, Loco, Traction revolution for traffic growth on Indian Railways. Track & Track Stresses: Permanent way, Track standards & structure, Track Modulus, Forces on the Track, loads, Hammer blow effect Bending Stresses in rail, stresses in Sleeper, Ballast, coning & Tilting of rails, Type of rails, Defect in rails, Rail failure, welding, methods, ultrasonic testing of thermit welding joints, Fastening of rails, fish plates, spikes, bearing plates, Pandrol clips, new type of elastic fastening with S.T.sleeper, Rubber pads. Formation, Sleeper & Ballast: Functions of formation, profile of Banks & cuttings, Track drainage, failure of bank & remedial measures, soil stabilization & Geo-textiles methods, sleeper types, sleeper density, functions & requirement and Ballast types. Point & Crossing & Turnouts: Turnout, type of switches, tongue rail, details of crossing, reconditioning of points & crossings calculation of elements of turnout coles method and IRS method. Symmetrical split, Diamond crossing, modern trend in design, problems. Geometric Design of Track: Radius, degree of curve, super elevation, gradients, speed calculation, safe speed, equilibrium speed, permissible speed, cant, cant deficiency, negative cant, Transition curve & its design, Types, shift, laying of T.C., vertical curve & its design, problems. Tractive power & Train resistance: various power requirements for steam, electric loco, diesel loco, Hauling power, resistances developed for Train & problems. Signal & interlocking: Types of Signal, details of electrical signaling system, track circuits, Absolute block system, Automatic block system, interlocking & methods, Modern signaling techniques, Route relay interlocking, CTC systems. Metropolitan Railways: Travel pattern, problems, Different forms of urban Transport, Trolley buses, surface railways, underground railways, elevated railways, mono rail, tube railways. Books:

1. Saxena & Arora.; ―Railway Engineering‟ Dhanpat Rai. Delhi.2000.

2. Ronald.A.Inglis; ―An Introduction to Railway Engineering‟ Chapman & Hall Ltd. London.1995. 3. W.W.Hay. Railway Engineering Chapman & Hall Ltd.London.1995. 4. Mundrey. J.S. Track Modernization.2000. 5. Manual on Signaling & Interlocking by Indian Railway board.1998

Elective – II: Geometric Design of Transportation facilities Introduction: Classification of rural highways and urban roads. Objectives and requirements of highway geometric design. Design Control and Criteria



18

Design Elements: Sight distances - types, analysis, factors affecting, measurements, Horizontal alignment - design considerations, stability at curves, superelevation, widening, transition curves; curvature at intersections, vertical alignment - grades, ramps, design of summit and valley curves, combination of vertical and horizontal alignment including design of hair pin bends, design of expressways, IRC standards and guidelines for design. problems. Cross Section Elements: Right of way and width considerations, roadway, shoulders, kerbs traffic barriers, medians, frontage roads; Facilities for pedestrians, bicycles, buses and trucks, Pavement surface characteristics - types, cross slope, skid resistance, unevenness. Design Considerations: Design considerations for rural and urban arterials, freeways, and other rural and urban roads - design speeds, volumes, levels of service and other design considerations. Design of Intersections: Characteristics and design considerations of at-grade intersections; Different types of islands, channelization; median openings; Rotary intersections; Grade separations and interchanges - types, warrants, adaptability and design details; Interchanges - different types, ramps. Computer applications for intersection and interchange design. Books:

1. AASHO, ―A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets', American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington D.C.

2. Khanna S.K. and Justo, C.E.G.`Highway Engineering', Nem Chand and Bros.,2000.

3. DSIR, `Roads in Urban Areas', HMSO, London.

4. Jack E Leish and Associates, `Planning and Design Guide: At-Grade Intersections'. Illinios.

5. Relevant IRC publications



19

Transportation Engineering - 2 Lab

Traffic Engineering Studies (Field Studies):

Volume Studies – Straight Roads and at Intersections

Speed Studies - Spot Speed Studies by Stop Watch, Enosocpe and Radar Speed Meter

Journey Time and Delay Studies - Floating Car Method

Parking Surveys and Parking Turnover Studies

Study of Gaps and Lags – Critical Gaps and Lags at Intersections

Delay Measurement at Signalised and Unsignalised Intersections

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