m r s g r e n. recap what is respiration? how is the movement and sensitivity of an organism...
TRANSCRIPT
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• M• R• S• G• R• E• N
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Recap
• What is respiration?• How is the movement and sensitivity of an
organism controlled?• What are the main protein molecules involved
in digestion?• What is homeostasis?• Where are nutrients absorbed from and to?
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Human Physiology Lesson 21
Excretion
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Waste Products
Excretory Product
Where produced
Where excreted
Excreted in
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Excretory System
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Kidney
• What is the job of the kidney?
• What are the name of the blood vessels that supply the kidney?
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Kidney Function
• Filter the blood• Preserve water and ions
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Urine
Renalvein
Renalartery
Bladder
Right kidney
Left ureter
Urethra
The Male Urino-Genital SystemThe Male Urino-Genital System
Main vein (vena cava)Main artery (aorta)
Sphincter muscle that controls the release of urine
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Nephron
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The Kidney
• Filter the blood• Reabsorb all of the glucose• Reabsorb the ions needed by the body• Reabsorb water needed in the body• Release urea, excess ions and excess water as
urine
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The Kidneys - Internal StructureThe Kidneys - Internal Structure
CortexNephron - where blood is filtered and urine is formed. Each kidney has about one
million nephrons.
Medulla - consisting of many ‘cone-shaped’ pyramids.
Pelvis - a chamber that collects urine from the
kidney tubules andfunnels it into the ureter.
Ureter
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Your kidneys ‘clean’ the blood by filtering it about 300 times a day. Millions of microscopic tubes called nephrons do this job One very highly magnified nephron is shown in this diagram...
Diagram of a Kidney Cut in HalfDiagram of a Kidney Cut in Half
Tubule(water is reabsorbed here)
Ureter(Peristalsis pushesurine to the bladder)
Bowman’s capsule(cup shaped)
Glomerulus(bunch of capillaries enclosed
by a Bowman’s capsule)
Collecting duct (Nephrons drain into here)
Renal artery(carries unfiltered blood, with waste chemicals, to the kidney)
Renal vein(carries cleaned, filtered blood, away from the kidney)
Urine(to the bladder)
Nep
hro
n
Note: the nephron is shown at anexaggerated size in this diagram.
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Preserving and Releasing Water
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Quick Quiz
1. Name the artery that enters the kidneys2. Name a molecule too large to fit into the nephron3. How do ions move out of the nephron?4. What is selective reabsorption?5. Where is urea produced?6. Name another molecule produced in this organ
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What happens if your kidneys stop working?
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3 options
• Transplant
• Dialysis machine – haemodialysis
• Peritoneal Dialysis
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Dialysis TransplantsWeekly treatments, sometimes more frequent. Temporary fix
Permanent -but a chance of rejection
Diet needs to be controlled – in relation to amount of fluid, protein, salt. No high potassium foods e.g. banana
Risks associated with an operation
Shortage of dialysis machines (peritonal dialysis) www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/site/pdanim.php
Shortage of organs of correct tissue match -in future transgenic organs may be available (BSE?)
Drugs needed while on the machine to stop blood clotting
Immunosuppressant drugs needed for life –lowers resistance to disease
Expensive, machine, nursing staff, hospital etc
Cheaper in the long run!
Dialysis V’s Transplants
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Alcohol
• Effects of Alcohol
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Click on the glass to find out more about these effects...
Alcohol and Health - Short Term EffectsAlcohol and Health - Short Term Effects
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Move the cursor over the different areas of the body to find outmore about the long term effects of drinking alcohol...
Alcohol and Health - Long Term EffectsAlcohol and Health - Long Term Effects
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Questions
• How will the kidney respond– If you drink a lot on a cold day?– If you exercise vigorously?
• How do water and urea leave the blood into dialysis fluid?
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Past Paper Questions