m phase. dna at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
M phase
![Page 2: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNA at different phases
chromatinchromosome
histone
nucleosome
![Page 3: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA at different phasesDNA at different phases
• Chromatin- DNA + protein- before cell division (M phase)
• Chromosome- condensed chromatin during cell division
• Sister Chromatid- each individual double helix
![Page 4: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FYI..FYI..
• Body cells (autosomes/somatic cells) have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs – Diploid – 2n
• Sex cells (gametes) have 23 chromosomes– Haploid - n
![Page 10: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
M phaseM phase
• Mitosis (nuclear division)
• Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)
![Page 11: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mitosis
• Nuclear division
• Cell growth stops
• Produces 2 similar daughter cells (2n)
• Asexual reproduction
• 1-2 hrs only
• Metaphase Checkpoint
![Page 13: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Stages of Mitosis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
TelophaseCytokinesis
![Page 15: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prophase
• Chromatin thickens into chromosomes
• Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrates
• Mitotic spindle forms
• Centrosome pairs move to opposite ends
![Page 16: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prophase
![Page 17: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Prophase
![Page 18: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Metaphase
![Page 19: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•Chromosomes at metaphase plate
•Centrosomes at opposite poles
•Kinetochores attached to microtubules
![Page 20: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Secrets on how chromosomes Secrets on how chromosomes move..move..
![Page 21: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Secrets..
Spindlepole
Kinetochore
![Page 22: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
microtubule
![Page 23: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anaphase
![Page 24: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•Centromeres divide
•Chromatids now chromosomes
•Kinetochore microtubules shorten - Chromosomes separate and
move
•Nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen
•End: chromosomes at 2 poles
![Page 25: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Motor protein
![Page 27: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Telophase
![Page 28: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
• Spindle fibers disintegrate
• Nuclear membrane reforms & Nucleolus reappears
• Chromatin fibers become less tightly coiled
![Page 29: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cytokinesis
![Page 30: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
•Cytoplasm divides
•Animals: cleavage furrow divides cytoplasm
•Plant cells: cell plate
•Two daughter cells
![Page 31: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Cell pinches inward
![Page 32: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Daughter cells
1 µmVesiclesforming cell plate
Wall of patent cell Cell plate New cell wall
Cell Plate FormationCell Plate Formation
![Page 34: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mitosis in an Animal Cell
![Page 35: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
•Cleavage furrow
•Centrioles
ANIMAL CELL
![Page 37: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
•Cell plate
•Nocentrioles
PLANT CELL
![Page 38: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Result of Cell CycleResult of Cell Cycle
• two new daughter cells– identical to the parent cell in chromosome
number and chromosome type
• net gain of only one cell • two new daughter cells will enter
interphase and the cycle will continue…
![Page 39: M phase. DNA at different phases chromatin chromosome histone nucleosome](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061511/551bd6b4550346be588b57e5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cell CycleCell Cycle