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M N E Y & M E D A L S The Newsletter for Numismatics in Britain 55 | April 2012 NEWS 1 FOCUS: The Olympic Games on coins and medals 4 EXHIBITIONS & DIARY 6 Money & Medals is the numismatic publication associated with the Money and Medals Network currently being developed by the British Museum, RNS, BNS and a number of key partner museums with significant numismatic collections. The Network aims to act as an information exchange for curators within the UK whose collections include coins, medals

and other objects relating to monetary and economic history and numismatics. To contribute information or articles to the Newsletter or to subscribe by email please send your name and email address to Richard Kelleher at rkelleher@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk or Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, fax: 020 7323 8171, e-mail: rkelleher@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk or Megan Gooch, 4B Casemates, HM Tower of London, London, EC3N 4AB, email: megan.gooch@hrp.org.uk. Auction and fair details for inclusion in the next edition should be sent to Peter Preston-Morley at ppm@dnw.co.uk.

Interview with Dr Andrew Burnett Dr Andrew Burnett, Deputy Director of the British Museum, was awarded a CBE in the Queen’s New Years Honours list. In an interview with the Newsletter Andrew talks about how he came into numismatics, his work at the British Museum and the future of the subject. Where did your interest in coinage stem from? My interest in coins began in what nowadays would be called a gap year. For a few months I spent time in Italy, as a general slave at the British School at Rome. While I was there I met Richard Reece who was en route to Malta to work with the British Council to help sort out their coin collection. He kindly asked me if I would like to go along. I did and that's how I became interested. As I later learnt, this was a characteristic bit of Richard's generosity - he got so many people interested in the subject, and I have always admired him as my inspiration. Once you have been bitten by the coin bug, though, I think there is little hope of escape. How did you come to work at the British Museum?

After I had graduated I was uncertain, like so many people, about the next move. While I was dithering in this way, I saw a job advertised at the BM, and applied for it. Rather to my surprise I was offered it, and here I am still! How important are coins in understanding the past? I've always been interested in non-literary sources for history since they tell a different sort of history from that we get in texts. Both have their own methodological issues, but

with coins we get a good glimpse into people's lives, on the one hand, and the 'official version' of events on the other, as well as getting other information, e.g. about pre-modern economies. How has the museum changed since you’ve been there? An impossible question! The main changes are that the visiting public has grown enormously, both in person and more recently, with the digital revolution, electronically. These changes have transformed and are transforming what we do. Government funding has also declined greatly, but I am impressed how the institution has risen to the challenge. I would also stress what hasn't changed - a commitment to academic excellence and to sharing the collection and our knowledge as widely as we can. As your career progressed into the Keepership of Coins and Medals and Deputy Director of the Museum, how have your research interests changed, are you limited in what you are able to work on? I've maintained my main research interests in numismatics - in the coinage of early Rome and Italy (the third century BC) and in the Roman provincial coinage. Having embarked on the ambitious 10-volume series of Roman Provincial Coinage many years ago, I still want to make a continuing contribution to it, even though some volumes are assigned to other scholars. At the moment I am working with Michel Amandry on volume 3 (Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian), and we hope to complete it quite soon. Every now and then I think I might live to see the series completed...

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What do you see as the major challenges for museum numismatics in the current financial climate and going forward? The main challenge is to stay relevant. The shift from just coins to money and to public engagement through the money gallery was crucial in maintaining the subject in an institution like the BM: that as many as some 10% of all the objects in A History of the World in 100 Objects are coins or medals is a testimony to how well that has worked. The next big challenge is how to respond fully to the digital age: coins are actually at an advantage since their scale lends itself very well to computers and hand-helds, but we need to be nimble in anticipating how people will want to use them in the future.

On being awarded the CBE Well, it's all a bit embarrassing to get it, as it really depends on all the efforts of many other people, both at and outside the museum. I see it as a nice recognition of what the museum is achieving and the importance of numismatics to that achievement. It is a real surprise when you get a letter asking if you will accept an honour - you get it about a month before the announcement. I think everyone goes through a bit of agonising over whether or not to accept, but in the end most of us do it for our mothers, I think! Then you get summoned to the Palace and there is an Investiture, sometimes with the Queen but in my case the Prince of Wales. You are called forward; he puts the badge with its ribbon over your neck, and then says a few words (we talked about collecting and research); then you take a couple of steps backwards, bow again, and leave his presence. It's quite nerve wracking - reminded me of giving my first talk at the RNS...

A new keeper at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge The Department of Coins and Medals at the Fitzwilliam Museum has appointed Dr Adrian

Popescu as keeper. Dr Popescu, formerly curator of Ancient Greek, Roman, Iron Age and Byzantine coins, follows the late Dr Mark Blackburn who lost his long fight with cancer in September last year. Dr Popescu completed his PhD at Bucharest University on ‘Aspects of coin circulation in Dobrudja in the light of the finds from Noviodunum, 1st to 7th century’ and his research interests include ancient coinages from the areas surrounding the Black Sea, with particular focus on the mints from the western coast, coin production and circulation, and the analysis of coin finds.

FIDEM at Glasgow FIDEM is awarding ten scholarships of 1,000 euro to assist the attendance of artists under thirty at the FIDEM congress to be held in Glasgow on 10-14 July. Applications including a letter explaining why you are interested in attending, a curriculum vitae and images of six of your works, should be forwarded to a FIDEM national delegate by 29 April 2012. The UK FIDEM delegate is Philip Attwood (pattwood@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk).

Roman Imperial Coinage V, part 1 now online www.ric.mom.fr/en/home As preliminary step to the printed revision of the Roman Imperial Coinage V, part 2 a new website has gone online. The database applies to the imperial reigns from AD 268 until 276, that is, the reigns of Claudius Gothicus, Quintillus, Aurelian, Tacitus, and Florianus, as well as the coinage of the princes of Palmyra, Vabalathus and Zenobia, issued by the imperial mint of Antioch. Thus, the period covers an important phase in the ‘3rd century crisis’ encountered by the Roman Empire, from the reign which symbolizes its most critical point (Claudius Gothicus) to those which implemented the necessary takeover (Aurelian and his successors). The documentation assembled here is based chiefly on 12 main institutional collections of reference (Paris, London, Oxford, Vienna, Copenhagen, Milan, Budapest, Munich, Brussels, Cambridge, Berlin, and New York) as well as some institutional collections looked at more superficially (Zagreb, Luxembourg, Trier); private collections to which their owners gave us access; coin hoards; sales catalogues and online sales. In order to be included in the corpus, all coin types were checked by direct examination, that is to say, inspected visually or verified by photographs. The database currently holds more than 4,500 entries (i.e. revised RIC numbers), based on 104,000 coins and more than 80,000 digital photographs. It is searchable by simple, advanced (through 15 descriptive fields and scroll menus) and iconographic search. Sylviane Estiot & Jérôme Mairat

BAMS Student Medal Project 2012 This year's BAMS Student Medal Project saw entries from art colleges up and down the country. The judging took place at the British

Museum on 25 February, with Gregory Fattorini, Danuta Solowiej, Joe Cribb, Michael Galsworthy and Marcy Leavitt Bourne acting as judges. The Worshipful Company of Founders' Grand First Prize for excellence in the medallic medium went to Ruth Leslie of Glasgow School of Art, Silvermithing and Jewellery for her medal Kenenisa Bekole.

It is hoped that BAMS will be able to offer this medal for sale to its members. The prize-giving was held at the Worshipful Company of Cutlers on 13 March, and the medals will be on show in Glasgow from 6 July to 14 September 2012. Philip Attwood

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BAMS 2012-13 New Medallist Scheme Applications are invited for the BAMS 2012-13 ‘New Medallist’ scheme. This scheme is intended to provide a framework by which artists based in Britain and Ireland who are relatively new to medal-making can develop their interest in the medal as a vehicle of artistic expression. The scheme is administered by BAMS, funded principally by the E S G Robinson Charitable Trust, and supported by the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Mint. The successful applicant will have left art college (at whatever level) since February 2009 or be about to leave college before September 2012. More information is available from Janet Larkin, Secretary, British Art Medal Society, c/o Dept of Coins and Medals, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG. Applications should be sent to the same address, to arrive by 31 May.

Token Congress 2012 The 31

st Token Congress will take place at the Hilton Hotel in

Northampton on 5-7 October 2012. The event will follow the usual format; an informal Friday afternoon, Friday evening auction, talks on Saturday, with the Congress Dinner on Saturday evening, and the Bourse late into the night. The final lectures take place on the Sunday morning. The cost for the event is £170 per person, for everything from Friday afternoon to Sunday morning. This is the same venue as was used for the 2005 Token Congress, and has easy access via car, train and aeroplane! The organisers are Peter Waddell and Gary Oddie. Further details and application forms are available by contacting Gary at: goddie@slb.com or goddie1@hotmail.co.uk

The Royal Mint Museum website A new website for the Royal Mint Museum is now live and available at www.royalmintmuseum.org.uk. It

features sections on collections highlights, exhibitions and education as well as downloadable content.

British Numismatic Journal online The Society has recently made a complete digital archive of all issues of the BNJ to 2007 freely available to download. New and recent volumes will be made available five

years after publication. These files are in PDF format and can be read using Adobe Acrobat Reader which is freely available to download. The files are quite large (most are over 100MB) and thus may take some time to download. If you would like to download many volumes, a digital copy of all volumes has been placed in the BNS library at the Warburg Institute. Utilising this will be significantly faster than downloading the volumes and will also help to prevent the Society from exceeding its monthly download limits.

Lhotka prize The Royal Numismatic Society’s Lhotka Memorial Prize –

awarded to the best introductory book on numismatics – has been awarded to Chris Rudd’s Ancient British Coinage.

Quick Note The Computational Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference is a huge multi-stranded event covering all aspects of interaction between technology and historical/archaeological work. This years event (CAA 2012) was held at the University of Southampton and was unusual for the inclusion of a large workshop on numismatics. Computer-Aided Coin Archiving and Processing was a half day session organised by Martin Kampel and Sebastian Zambanini of the Vienna University of Technology. There were contributions by numismatists, computer scientists, and archaeologists. And these covered three major areas, the way numismatists presently use IT technology, the potential for computers to carry out automatic identification of coins, and the use of imaging technology to record coins. The abstracts of the various papers (ten in total) can be downloaded from http://caaconference.org/.

BNS/RNS Joint Summer Meeting This year’s joint summer meeting of the RNS and BNS is on Anniversaries and Jubilees and will be held at Worcester College, University of Oxford, on Saturday 7

th July. Speakers

include Andrew Burnett (British Museum), Qin Cao (Manchester Museum), Graham Dyer (Royal Mint Museum), Tom Hockenhull (British Museum) and Alexandra Kim (Historic Royal Palaces). The price for the seminar including lunch will be £30.00. To register please send a cheque, made payable to the British Numismatic Society, to Dr Ian Leins, Director, The British Numismatic Society, c/o The Department of Coins and Medals, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG. For further details contact Ian Leins on 0207 323 8271 or at ileins@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk.

Colin Mackenzie: collecting Indian history A study day focusing on Col. Colin Mackenzie (1754-1821), the first Surveyor General of India, has been arranged at the British Museum on Wednesday 18

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July 2012. The Early Colonial period saw the formation of some of the important collections of South Asian materia antiqua. Among these, Mackenzie’s was one of the largest and most wide-ranging. Unusually, a significant proportion of his artefacts, manuscripts and documents are still available in British and Indian institutions for research. The aim is to provide an ongoing forum for those working on various aspects of Mackenzie’s collections to discuss current research and encourage greater collaboration. Contact: pkhera@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk

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FOCUS: OLYMPIC GAMES

In honour of the Games of the XXX Olympiad being hosted in London this summer this issue’s focus looks at the Games in relation to coins and medals; from their ancient origin, through to the story of designing Olympic art on coins and finally the Olympic ideal as it relates to modern medal design.

Olympian imagery on ancient Greek coins THE Olympian Games in honour of Zeus are said to have been founded in 776 BC and were then held at four yearly intervals until abolished by the Christian emperor, Theodosius I, in 393 AD. Their life-span thus both preceded and outlasted that of ancient

Greek coinage. In the fifth century BC the games lasted for five days. Perhaps their most remarkable feature was the Olympic Truce. In order to enable the all male competitors and spectators to travel safely to and from Olympia and the competitors to spend a month there preparing for the events, cessation of all hostilities was declared for a number of weeks across the Greek world, with severe penalties for any breach. The most prestigious events were the short foot-race, echoed in modern times by the men’s 100 metres, and the spectacular chariot races, a preserve of rulers and wealthy individuals. Other events included horse racing and the pentathlon, comprised of discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling contests. Wrestling as a separate event and boxing were particularly brutal and came to be dominated by professionals. The games, held at remote Olympia in the Peloponnesian Peninsula, were hosted by the modest city of Elis, located about 23 miles to the north. Its coinage, doubtless struck mainly for the games, exalted its Olympic role, but emphasised the religious significance of the games in portraying the head of Zeus, his wife Hera and the nymph Olympia rather than the contestants.

Figure 1 – caption Elis, AR stater, 363-323 BC © Trustees of the British Museum

Pottery decoration provides the richest source illustrating actual competitors but coins are also important. However, it is usually not possible to identify a victory scene on the coinage with a specific occasion, although an olive wreath or branch was indicative of triumphing at Olympia because different tokens of victory were used at the other major games taking place at Corinth, Delphi and Nemea. One exception is the success of the tyrant, Anaxilas, in the mule

chariot race in 484 (or 480 BC). His coins struck at Rhegium in Southern Italy and at Messana in Sicily (Fig. 2) celebrated the win and at Messana became an immobilised type. The mule race was nevertheless a relatively short-lived event between 500 and 444 BC. Another exception occurs in the coinage of Philip II of Macedon. His success with a horse and jockey in the games of 356 BC is commemorated on the reverse of his tetradrachms, aptly accompanied on the obverse by the head of Zeus

Figure 2 – Messana, AR tetradrachm, 450-425 BC © author

Figure 3 – Philip II, AR tetradrachm, 356-336 BC © author

Figure 4 – Syracuse, AR tetradrachm, 485-466 BC © author

The most notable and extensive representations of victory in chariot racing came from Sicily. The progenitor was Syracuse where the somewhat stiff, archaic design of a slow-moving quadriga blossomed, through the genius of engravers who proudly signed their work, into widely copied creations of breathtaking beauty and vigour (Fig. 5).

Figure 5 – Syracuse, AR tetradrachm, 413-405 BC, engraved by Cimon © Trustees of the British Museum

An issue from the island of Cos, showing a discus thrower

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with a prize tripod in the background, has been linked to the festival of Apollo on the Triopian Promontory (Fig. 6).

Figure 6 – Cos, AR triple- siglos, 470-450 BC © Trustees of the

British Museum

More generically, the coins of Aspendus in Asia Minor over a long period have two wrestlers on the obverse. Usually they are in a grappling posture (Fig. 7), but some dies portray them competing more aggressively. As a final example, another enduring obverse from Celenderis, also in Asia Minor, shows the ending of a horse race at Olympia known as the ‘calpe’, in which the rider dismounted and ran alongside his steed (Fig. 8).

Figure7 – Aspendus, AR stater, 380-320 BC © author

Figure 8 – Celenderis, AR triple-siglos, 440-400 BC © author

Figure 9 – Amphipolis, AR tetradrachm,390-357 BC

© Trustees of the British Museum.

At some games, but not at Olympia, the first event was the ‘lampadedromia’, or torch relay race, after which the winner lit the fire on the sacrificial altar. This ceremony has, of course, been emulated in the modern Olympics. A torch often appears as a symbol on ancient Greek coins and at Amphipolis in Macedonia is used for the reverse of a stunning series of tetradrachms (Fig. 9, BMC 5.1). Dr Robin Eaglen

Designing the Olympic 50p’s The London 2012 Olympics was the catalyst to the biggest ever British coinage competition, and one of the most

ambitious. Brain child of the Royal Mint, it engaged a whole nation, and resulted in the simultaneous production of 29 different 50p’s. They invited members of the public to compete to design a coin for

each of the sporting disciplines of the Olympics and Paralympics. Almost 30,000 designs were anonymously submitted, the chosen 29 differing fantastically in style. The entries were submitted by a huge spectrum of society, from children to designers, teachers to sales representatives. It gave everyone an equal chance to hold their own opposite the queen, in the pockets of strangers for generations to come.

The competition was in national papers, online and out there- a friend spotted it and pushed the idea in my direction. So began my sketching, head scratching and designing. It is a challenge to depict a sport recognisably in less than 30mm, in barely seen relief. To do so creatively, capturing dynamics and the effort is even more to bite off. I drew out six sports on the templates I printed from the web, licked them into their envelope and sent them off to Wales. I felt like I was engaging in a huge school project. Sometime later, an innocent looking envelope sat by the door winking at me with its Royal Mint logo eye. I was shortlisted for two sports, Wheelchair Rugby and Handball. Some re-drawing and much anticipation later, I got a ‘congratulations’ letter that it is hard to imagine receiving. Handball and Wheelchair Rugby had caught my imagination because after all my initial research into sports, they stood out as amazingly dynamic and fun. Handball repeatedly came up with fascinating depictions of the human figure, a combination of jumping, running and throwing. Wheelchair Rugby grabbed me by the sheer grit and force on display. I knew it had to come down to a focus on the arm, shoulder and the facial determination. I wanted to set both off against a contrasting background, lines on the Wheelchair Rugby, and the pitch and crowd on Handball.

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The 29 chosen designs went into model production at the Royal Mint, but as a medallist, I had the opportunity to produce the plaster models and deliver them. Working on blocks 9 inches in diameter, I carved the designs in negative, checking with plasticine to get the correct form. I poured plaster to get a positive, and then worked on them further. I would love to tell you it was a creative and joyful time, but the truth is much more character building. I had only one week, I was working as a chef and it was almost Christmas. Each model took about 3 days, and because I love detail, I used a hard plaster- quickly taking its toll. My fingers were soon strapped up with medical tape to stop tool blisters and joint stress. I worked into the early hours between shifts, ate when I remembered, and began to resemble the overworked living dead. Somehow the models took form, and were even delivered without my dropping them on the tarmac outside the Royal Mint building.

From here, they were 3D scanned, dies produced, and the queen added, followed by an official launch, involving interviews, publicity shots and videos with all the designers. A huge feat finally launched to the public press in October 2010. Since then the coins have been going at it alone, 87 million 50p’s estimated to have been released in 2010-2011, in and out of pockets, being collected by many. It has caught the hearts of people, and I can’t help but smile at the variety of graphic skill, the organic drawn, the abstract and the realistic. It has been an inspired project, truly worthy of holding the Olympic name. Natasha Ratcliffe

Genius Loci - marking time and place From the earliest Olympian Society games in Shropshire to the present day, there has been a constant presence in the design of the winners’ medals, linking to the site of the Ancient Games in Greece. Nike, the bringer of victory appears on the Wenlock Olympian

Society General competition medal as early as 1868. But Nike is simply a messenger, a go-between from the gods on Mount Olympus to the current venue for the Games. It is up to the designer of the medal or the logo to capture for all time the genius loci - the magic spirit of the host city. The French medallist, Chaplain, created the first prize medal in 1896 using a dreamy low-relief close-up of Zeus with a tiny winged Nike in the palm of his hand, the allpowerful god offering victory. To site the modern Games firmly in Athens, Chaplain used the Acropolis among olive groves, a cityscape confusing the modern city with Mount

Olympus.

The commemorative medal by Lytras also used the Acropolis, and so began the tradition of alluding to the current venue of the Games, whether on the prize medal or the participant’s commemorative. The allusions are mostly iconic cityscapes as in Paris (1900/1924), Stockholm (1912) and London (1948). In 1908 St George and the dragon sufficed to place the Games in Britain. Antwerp’s prize medal, in 1920 recalls the foundation myth of the city and the province of Brabant. A giant demanded money from anyone crossing the river Schelde. If they refused he cut off their hand. But a Roman soldier, Silvius Brabo, killed the giant, cut off his hand, and threw it into the river. Brabo’s statue in front of Antwerp’s Stadhuis therefore represented the city, even though the story is obscure for outsiders. From 1928 onwards, the prize medal remained unchanged, using the Italian sculptor Cassioli’s Trionfo design for the reverse until 1972 (Munich), the obverse until 2004. The change of the reverse allowed organisers to incorporate their now all important corporate logo on the prize medal. Wojciech Pietranik, designer of the Sydney medal in 2000, dared to use the Sydney Opera House instead of the Colosseum on the obverse. Having changed the design, a huge media row erupted when Australians of Greek origin realised that the organisers had confused a sports arena with a Roman place of public execution. Demands were made to correct an error that had endured for more than 70 years and to restore the link to the Games’ ancient Greek origins. So for the Athens Games in 2004 a competition for a new prize medal was organised by the IOC. It is this image with Nike in the Panathinaikos Stadium that has been recreated for London. Of course, the reverse design by David Watkins uses the 2012 logo, ‘a square balancing the circle to give a sense of place’ as the press release states. But it is the Thames, the winner’s ribbon, as in EastEnders, that really places this medal firmly in London. Francis Simmons

TEMPORARY EXHIBITIONS

The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games medals British Museum | Room 37 | 8 Feb – 9 Sept 2012 This display tells the story of the production of the medals for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, from the mining of the metal to the creation of the designs by David Watkins and Lin Cheung and production by the Royal Mint.

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The New Medallists Victoria and Albert Museum | Room 111, Gilbert Bayes Sculpture Gallery | 11 Feb – 19 Aug 2012 Natasha Ratcliffe, Petra Mills, Sara Richards, Chloe Shaw, Phoebe Stannard and Heidi Hinder are the New Medallists. Their work breathes new life into the centuries-old art of the medal.

Cityscapes: Panoramic Views on Coins and Medals Barber Institute of Fine Arts, Birmingham | Coin Gallery | 27 Apr 2012 – 6 Oct 2013 The world in miniature – its churches, citadels, fortifications, harbours, civic buildings, houses and suburbs – is explored in this absorbing exhibition, the third in a series of shows organised in collaboration with the British Museum.

Crowns and ducats: Shakespeare’s money and medals British Museum |Room 69a | 19 Apr – 25 Nov 2012 From ducats, dollars and doits to angels, crowns and groats, find out how and why Shakespeare used coins to make the wider world seem familiar and the past and remote accessible to an English audience at some of the first purpose made English theatres.

Gold: Power and Allure - 4500 years of gold treasures from across Britain Goldsmiths' Hall, London | 1 June – 28 July 2012 This major project showcases more than 400 gold items ranging in date from 2,500 BC to the present day. Each object vividly illustrates this fascinating and complex subject.

Faster Higher Stronger: Money and the Olympic Games Ashmolean Museum, Oxford | Money Gallery | 19 Jun – 21 Oct 2012 The exhibition will showcase coins, banknotes and medals concerning the Olympic games from historical and modern times, focussing on the themes of venue, events and trophies.

Contemporary art medals Twenty Twenty Gallery, Much Wenlock, Shropshire | 6 – 28 July 2012 An exhibition including 6 international and 6 British art medallists, curated by Ron Dutton.

LECTURES, SEMINARS, COLLOQUIA AND CONFERENCES

DIARY April 17 RNS The pre-Roman coinages of western

Mauretania: Attribution, chronology and currency circulation, Laurent Callegarin

24 BNS Mints and Money in Norman England, Martin Allen

28 BAMS Afternoon conference and AGM to be held in London

May 15 RNS The Asian coin collection at Manchester

Museum, Keith Sugden and Qin Cao 22 BNS Charmed Life: The solace of objects, Felicity

Powell June 19 RNS AGM, Presidential Address and Summer Party,

The Quantity Theory of Money (3): Velocity, Nicholas Mayhew

26 BNS Scrofula, Sin and Miracles: Debating the Royal Touch during the Stuart Restoration, 1660-85, Stephen Brogan.

July 7 BNS/RNS Joint Summer Meeting, Anniversaries

and Jubilees, Worcester College, Oxford 10-14 FIDEM The XXXII Art Medal Congress, University of

Glasgow

AUCTIONS AND FAIRS Please note: Dates may be subject to alteration. For later updates on auctions, see the international auction calendar at www.dnw.co.uk April 19 St James’s Auctions. Coins and Banknotes. De Vere Cavendish

Hotel, 81 Jermyn Street, London SW1. www.stjauctions.com 19 Spink. Orders, Decorations and Medals. 69 Southampton Row,

London WC1. www.spink.com 21 Michael Hale Fair. America Hall, Pinhoe, Exeter, Devon. 21 Whyte’s. Irish Coins, Medals and Banknotes. 38 Molesworth Street,

Dublin, Eire. www.whytes.ie 22 Mark Carter Militaria and Medal Fair. Yate Leisure Centre, Kennedy

Way, Yate, Bristol. 23 Morton & Eden. Islamic Coins. Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place,

London W1. www.mortonandeden.com 23 Morton & Eden. Greek Coins. Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place,

London W1. www.mortonandeden.com 24-5 Spink. World Banknotes. 69 Southampton Row, London WC1.

www.spink.com 25 Baldwin’s Auctions. Islamic Coins and Medals. Westbury Hotel,

Conduit Street, London W1. www.baldwin.co.uk 25 Bonhams. Medals, Coins and Banknotes. Montpelier Street, London

SW7. www.bonhams.com 25 Boulton & Cooper. Coins, Tokens and Banknotes. St Michael’s

House, Market Place, Malton, N Yorkshire. www.boultoncooper.co.uk

29 Mark Carter Militaria and Medal Fair. Princes Hall, Princes Way, Aldershot, Hants.

29 Wakefield Fair. Cedar Court Hotel, Denby Dale Road, Calder Grove, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire.

May 1-2 Wallis & Wallis. Medals and Militaria. West Street, Lewes, Sussex.

www.wallisandwallis.co.uk 5 Bloomsbury Coin Fair. Bloomsbury Hotel, 16 Gt Russell St, London

WC1. 6 Wakefield Medal Fair. Outwood Memorial Hall, Victoria Street,

Outwood, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. www.themedalcentre.co.uk 7 Preston Arms & Militaria Fair. Mercure Dunkenhalgh Hotel,

Accrington, Lancs. 8-9 Baldwin’s Auctions. Coins and Medals. CIPFA, 3 Robert Street,

London WC2. www.baldwin.co.uk 13 Midland Coin Fair. National Motorcycle Museum, Bickenhill,

Birmingham. www.coinfairs.co.uk 18 Spink. Bonds and Share Certificates of the World. 69 Southampton

Row, London WC1. www.spink.com 19-20 Lockdales. Coins, Tokens, Medals and Banknotes. 52 Barrack

Square, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk. www.lockdales.com 26 Baldwin’s Auctions. Argentum Auction. Holiday Inn, Coram Street,

London WC1. www.baldwin.co.uk 26 London Coin Fair. Holiday Inn, Coram Street, London WC1.

www.coinfairs.co.uk

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27 Wakefield Fair. Cedar Court Hotel, Denby Dale Road, Calder Grove, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire.

30 Dix Noonan Webb. Commemorative Medals. Washington Hotel, 5 Curzon Street, London W1. www.dnw.co.uk

31 Morton & Eden. Orders, Decorations and Medals. Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place, London W1. www.mortonandeden.com

June 3 Wakefield Medal Fair. Outwood Memorial Hall, Victoria Street,

Outwood, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. www.themedalcentre.co.uk 6 Bosleys. Medals and Militaria. Court Gardens, Marlow, Bucks.

www.bosleys.co.uk 10 Bromley Medal Fair. Civic Centre, Stockwell Close, Kentish Way,

Bromley, Kent. 10 Midland Coin Fair. National Motorcycle Museum, Bickenhill,

Birmingham. www.coinfairs.co.uk 11-12 Morton & Eden. Coins. Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place, London W1.

www.mortonandeden.com 12 Wallis & Wallis. Medals and Militaria. West Street, Lewes, Sussex.

www.wallisandwallis.co.uk 20 Dix Noonan Webb. British and World Coins. Washington Hotel, 5

Curzon Street, London W1. www.dnw.co.uk 20 Warwick & Warwick. Coins, Medals and Banknotes. Lord Leycester

Hotel, Warwick. www.warwickandwarwick.com 24 Mark Carter Militaria and Medal Fair. Stratford Leisure & Visitor

Centre, Bridgefoot, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. 24 Wakefield Fair. Cedar Court Hotel, Denby Dale Road, Calder Grove,

Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. 27-8 Dix Noonan Webb. Orders, Decorations and Medals. Washington

Hotel, 5 Curzon Street, London W1. www.dnw.co.uk 28 Spink. Coins, Tokens and Medals. 69 Southampton Row, London

WC1. www.spink.com July 1 Wakefield Medal Fair. Outwood Memorial Hall, Victoria Street,

Outwood, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. www.themedalcentre.co.uk 7 Bloomsbury Coin Fair. Bloomsbury Hotel, 16 Gt Russell St, London

WC1 8 Midland Coin Fair. National Motorcycle Museum, Bickenhill,

Birmingham. www.coinfairs.co.uk 14-15 Lockdales. Coins, Tokens, Medals and Banknotes. 52 Barrack

Square, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk. www.lockdales.com 19 Spink. Orders, Decorations and Medals. 69 Southampton Row,

London WC1. www.spink.com 24 Wallis & Wallis. Medals and Militaria. West Street, Lewes, Sussex.

www.wallisandwallis.co.uk 29 Bromley Medal Fair. Civic Centre, Stockwell Close, Kentish Way,

Bromley, Kent. 29 Wakefield Fair. Cedar Court Hotel, Denby Dale Road, Calder Grove,

Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. August 5 Wakefield Medal Fair. Outwood Memorial Hall, Victoria Street,

Outwood, Wakefield, W. Yorkshire. www.themedalcentre.co.uk 12 Midland Coin Fair. National Motorcycle Museum, Bickenhill,

Birmingham. www.coinfairs.co.uk 15 Warwick & Warwick. Coins, Medals and Banknotes. Lord Leycester

Hotel, Warwick. www.warwickandwarwick.com 19 Mark Carter Militaria and Medal Fair. Yate Leisure Centre, Kennedy

Way, Yate, Bristol. 26 Wakefield Fair. Cedar Court Hotel, Denby Dale Road, Calder Grove,

Wakefield, W. Yorkshire.

Contacts: British Art Medal Society (BAMS) Janet Larkin, Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, tel: 020 7323 8568. Unless otherwise stated, all meetings held at 5.30pm, Cutlers Hall, Warwick Lane, London EC4.

www.bams.org.uk

British Association of Numismatic Societies (BANS) Phyllis Stoddart, Department of Numismatics, The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL. My email address is, phyllis.stoddart@manchester.ac.uk I can be reached by phone on 0161 275 2643 during the day.

British Numismatic Society (BNS) Peter Preston-Morley, Dix Noonan Webb, 16 Bolton St, Mayfair, London, W1J 8BQ, Telephone: 020 7016 1700. E-mail: secretary@britnumsoc.org. Membership secretary, Philip Skingley, c/o Spink and Son, 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET, tel: 020 7563 4000. E-mail: membershipsecretary@britnumsoc.org . Unless otherwise stated all meetings held at 6.00pm at the Warburg Institute, Woburn Square, London WC1. www.britnumsoc.org

British Numismatic Trade Association (BNTA) Rosemary Cooke, General Secretary, P.O. Box 2, Rye, East Sussex, TN31 7WE, tel: 01797 229988; fax: 01797 229988; e-mail: bnta@lineone.net; website: www.bnta.net

Oriental Numismatic Society (ONS) Mr Peter Smith, 9 Grandison Road, London SW11 6LS, tel: 020 7228 2826.

Royal Numismatic Society (RNS) Dr Helen Wang, Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, London WC1 3DG, tel: 020 7323 8172. Unless otherwise stated all meetings held at 5.30pm at the Warburg Institute, Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AB. E-mail: hwang@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk; website: www.numismatics.org.uk

Dealers contact details Baldwin’s: 11 Adelphi Terrace, London, WC2N 6BJ. www.baldwin.co.uk, auctions@baldwin.co.uk Bonham’s: Montpelier Street, London, SW7 1HH. www.bonhams.com/coins Classical Numismatic Group: Electronic auctions on www.cngcoins.com Croydon Coin Auctions: United Reformed Church Hall, Addiscombe Grove, East Croydon. Dix Noonan Webb: Washington Hotel, 5 Curzon Street, Mayfair, London W1., www.dnw.co.uk, auctions@dnw.co.uk Douglas Saville - Numismatic Books: Chiltern Thameside, 37c St Peters Avenue, CAVERSHAM, Reading, Berks. RG4 7DH. info@douglassaville.com, www.douglassaville.com Harrogate Spring Coin Fair: Old Swan Hotel, Swan Road, Harrogate HG1 2SR Simon Monks 01234 270260. simonmonks@supanet.com Linda Monk Fairs: Jury's Hotel, Great Russell St, London. www.lindamonkfairs.co.uk (also incorporating Pam West’s Paper Money Fair, www.londonpapermoneyfair.co.uk) Lockdales: 37 Upper Orwell Street, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP4 1HP (01473 218588). www.lockdales.com Midland Coin Fair. Mike Veissid. Midland Coin fair, Coin & Medal Fairs Ltd, Hobsley House, Frodesley, Shrewsbury SY5 7HD. Tel: 01694 731439 www.midlandcoinfair.com Morton & Eden Ltd: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE. info@mortonandeden.com St James's Auctions, 43 Duke Street, St. James's, London SW1Y 6DD. Tel: 0207 930 7597 Spink & Son: 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET. www.spink.com. Tel: 0207 563 4000 Warwick & Warwick Ltd: Chalon House, Scar Bank, Millers Road, Warwick CV34 5DB. www.warwickandwarwick.com, info@warwickandwarwick.com.

A new series of introductory numismatic guides will be available to download from our website this Summer!

The first batch will cover Chinese Qing coins, medieval English coins and using die-studies for research.

Printed by Ardent Print, London, email: ardentprint@btconnect.com