m · maximum operation power 750 v·aac, 90 wdc mechanical working life 2 x 107 operations...
TRANSCRIPT
M. 6
Maximum demand control systems
Electrical measurement and control
M. 6Maximum demand control systems
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M.6 - Maximum demand control systems
Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3
Product selection table · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5
DH96 CPP Digital unit used to control the maximum demand · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6
CVM R8 CPP Digital unit used to control the maximum demand · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8
CA-4 / MR-3 Units used to control the maximum demand · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10
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We can find three items in most corpo-rate electricity bills:
Consumption of active energy }}
(kW ·h)Power factor consumption (kvar·h)}}
Power rating, contracted power or }}
Maximum demand.
Traditionally, utilities companies have focused their energy saving efforts on the following:
Reduction of the quantity of kW·h }}
consumedImprovement the electrical system’s }}
Power Factor
Maximum demand control
M.6
The maximum demand is the power ac-cumulated during a determined period, usually between 8 and 30 minutes.
The most common period in most coun-tries is 15 minutes.The power is calculated by the maxime-ter, which records the greatest value in a month, which is the month billed.
Calculation of the maximum demandThere are different ways of calculating the maximum demand:
Fixed Window The energy supply company provides
Definition
an impulse during each period to syn-chronise the start of the maximum de-mand period.
Sliding windowThere are no synchronisation impulses, so that the last 15 minutes are used (in the case of 15 min periods). The value is updated with the last 15 minutes each second.
Time Synchronisation WindowThis is a variation of the fixed window. The supply company provides the syn-chronisation impulse at the start of the day, which indicates the start of the first
period. During the rest of the day, the synchronisations of each period will be provided by the unit's clock instead of the electrical company. A new impulse will be sent by the company at the end of the day, in order to readjust the unit's clock with the company's clock
Thermal demandThe thermal demand is calculated by a bimetallic analogue maximeter or the electronic simulation of a bimetallic maximeter
However, there is a third factor that can be taken into account to reduce the electricity bill: Adequate management of the power needed by a company.
The optimum management of contrac-ted power can allow us to:
Reduce contracted power }} and ad-just the levels of power required
Prevent Maximum demand penal-}}
ties (when a maximeter is hired)
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Units used to control the maximum demand
How can we control the maximum demand?
The purpose of power control systems is to ensure that the maximum contracted power limit is not exceeded.
Loads that can be disconnected:Packaging machines}}
Grinding machines}}
OtherIn general, all machines that do }}
not affect the main production process or which are not essential.
In addition, an electrical demand con-trol program is highly recommended in the processes with an operation that
CIRCUTOR, SA offers all units re-quired for the optimum management of energy in your company.
The different units measure instantane-ous power and automatically calculate the power used that is exceeding the contracted power. Therefore, any load can be quickly and reliably disconnect-ed with built-in relays.In addition, the CVM-R8 CPP and CA-4 units can con-trol different rates and guarantee a more accurate control of your installation, de-pending on the contracted rate.
Operating methods
There are 2 ways to prevent exceeding the maximum demand:
has large variations in the maximum demand and low load factors, such as smelting, mining, automotive, textile and paper companies, among others.
With power control
Without power control
Preventive
The preventive method is used in com-panies that do not wish to connect or disconnect loads automatically.The system prevents any value above the contracted power with a system of visual or acoustic signals, so that an operator can manually disconnect de-termined loads.
Predictive
The predictive method is the most com-mon and intelligent method.It makes a forecast of the situation at the end of the period and optimises loads, so that the maximum number of loads can be
connected, ensuring that the maximum limit programmed is not exceeded.This system is obviously valid for fixed win-dow requests or windows with synchro-nisation.
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Applications
How does it affect your bill?
This is a real example, with an excess power consumption that affects the monthly electricity bill:
Contracted power: 136 kW
Maximeter reading: 253 kW
Maximum power allowedno additional charges * : 136 kW x 1.05 = 142.80 kW
Excess power consumption * :253 kW - 142.80 kW = 110.2 kW
penalty kW * :110.2 kW x 2 = 220.4 kW
Total kW billed:220.4 kW + 253 kW = 473.4 kW
The adequate management of the power consumption would not have exceeded 136 kW and 205.1 € would have been billed instead of 713.28 € as regards the "Power Bill" (71.25 % less).
* In other countries, the penalty formula is different and it can be even stricter
Product selection tableNo. of
controlled loads
Company impulse input
Operating systems Operating method Software
used Communications Page
DH
96 C
PP
4 Yes Any Preventive or predictive Easy Comm RS-232 or
RS-485 (1) 6
CVM
-R8
CPP 17 (2) Yes Fixed window Predictive - - 8
CPP
-BT
/ C
PP-C
T
128 YesWindow sliding or
fixed
Preventive or predictive Power C RS-232 10
(1) Type DH96 CPP-RS(2) With expansion module CVM-R10
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Digital unit used to control the maximum demand
DH96 CPP
Power supply circuit 230 Vac (-15...+10%)
Consumption 4 V·A (without card), 7 V·A (with card)
Frequency 45..0.65 Hz
Measurement circuit
Reading accuracy 0.5 % (±1 dig)
Resolution 10 bits
Overvoltage (permanent / during 10 s) 1.2 Un / 2 Un
Overload (permanent / during 10 s) 1.2 In / 5 In
Measurement margin 2 ...120 %
No. of conversions per cycle 32
Display Seven 14 mm segments, red
Digits 4
Display refresh < 1s
Decimal place Programmable
Scale excess indicator " - - - - "
Insulation Between the input, measurement and optional card output
Test voltage 3 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse test 4 kV (1.2 / 50 ms)
Output relays 1 simple contact
Isolation voltage 750 V contact-contact / 2 000 V Contact-Coil
Thermal current (lth) 5 A
Maximum operation power 750 V·A
Mechanical working life 2 x 107 operations
Electrical working life 30 000 operations at 5 A and 250 V
Digital inputs 2 inputs, potential-free contacts (20 mA-24 Vdc)
Ambient conditions
Storage temperature - 40 ... +70 ºC
Operating temperature -10 ... +65 ºC
Build features
Box material ABS V0, grey anthracite
Degree of protection Box and terminals: IP 20 / Front panel: IP 54
Weight 550 g
Standards
IEC 1010, IEC 348, IEC 664, VDE 0110, VDE 0435
FeaturesDescription
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ConnectionsDimensions
Software
Digital unit used to control the maximum demand
DH96 CPP
Communications Type Code
- DH96 CPP M60201
RS-485 DH96 CPP-RS M60211
References
M 6 X X X X 0 0 X X
CodeInternal Code
Auxiliary power supply
Standard (230 V) 0 100 ... 120 V ac 1380 ... 400 V ac 3 480 ... 500 V ac 4
18 ... 36 V dc 736 ... 72 V dc 840 ... 170 V dc 9
Current inputStandard (.../ 5 A) 0
... / 1 A 1
Coding table
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Digital unit used to control the maximum demand
CVM R8 CPP
Power supply circuit
Voltage Single-phase 220 Vac ( -15 ... +10 %)
Frequency 50 ... 60 Hz
Consumption 7 V·A
Output relay characteristics
Number of relays 8
Isolation voltage (Ui) 270 V ac / 125 V dc
Thermal current (lth) 3 A
AC 11 Ie / Ue 2 A / 250 V ac
DC 11 Ie / Ue 2 A / 30 V dc
Maximum operation power 750 V·Aac, 90 W dc
Mechanical working life 2 x 107 operations
Electrical working life 2 x 105 operations (at full load)
Digital inputs 6 inputs, potential-free contacts(20 mA - 24 Vdc)
Analogue inputs 2 inputs 0 ... 2 Vdc
Display
1 x 8 Character alphanumerical display (50 x 15 mm)
Ambient conditions
Operating temperature -10 ... +65 ºC
Build features
Type of box Self-extinguishing plastic module
Connection Metallic terminals with "posidriv" screws
Fixing Adjustable to DIN rails 46277 (EN 50022)(Optional fixing with screws)
Cover Lexan Front
Degree of protection Embedded relay : IP 41 / Terminals : IP 20
Dimensions 140 x 70 x 110 mm (8 modules)
Safety Category II (EN 61010)
Standards
IEC 255, IEC 348, UNE 21 136, IEC 664, VDE 0110, UL 94
FeaturesDescription
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Connections
Type Code
CVM R8 CPP M60311
References
DimensionsOperation
Digital unit used to control the maximum demand
CVM R8 CPP
Fixed window
The unit is synchronised with the company's maximeter during its op-eration. To do so, it requires the maximeter's synchronism impulses. When it receives the impulse, it ends the period and starts a new one.
Measurement by impulses
The measurement of energy consumed during each integration period is calculated with the impulses emitted by a meter with an issuer con-tact or a different measurement unit with an energy impulse output.
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Units used to control the maximum demand
CA- 4 / MR-3
CA-4
Power supply circuit 24 V dc (± 25 %)
Consumption 500 mA
Output relays 4 relays
Isolation voltage 1,000 V contact-contact 4 000 V Contact-Coil
Thermal current (lth) 3 A
Maximum operation power 1,500 V·A
Mechanical working life 3 x 107 operations
Electrical working life 350 operations / hour (at full load)
Digital inputs 4 inputs, potential-free contacts (10 mA - 24 V dc)
Ambient conditions
Operating temperature -10 ... +65 ºC
Build features
Fixing Can be coupled to DIN 46277 rail(EN 50022)
Cover Lexan Front
Safety Category I (EN 61010)
Standards
EN 50082-1, EN 50082-2, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-3, EN 61010-1
MR-3
Power supply circuit 24 V dc
Consumption 65 mA
Output relays 3 relays 10 A / 250 Vac
Digital inputs 3 polarised inputs
Communications RS-485
Ambient conditions
Operating temperature -10 ... +65 ºC
Quickness of}} of load connection / dis-connection response
Impulse input}} to measure the maximum demand being measured by the company's meter (when the supply company allows for its installation). If the supply company does not allow its installation, we can install our own meter with the impulse output for such purposes
Work with the }} most common maximum demand systems (sliding window and fixed window)
With auxiliary power supply }} PS-24, DCSafety times to enter medium voltage }}
lines in the systemSimulation system}} , to carry out a test
before starting the system and prevent un-wanted operations
Top }} performance / price, with incredible short-term investment returns
FeaturesDescription
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Software
Control of up to 128 loads or groups of loads.
System of priorities, to distinguish the loads with a lower priority and which can be com-monly disconnected and the loads with the highest priority that must only be disconnect-ed when needed, in order to avoid exceeding the contracted power.
Optional creation of load groups with the same priority and FIFO or LIFO connection / disconnection sequences.
Definition of up to 4 load states: Active, Inac-tive, Forced active and Forced inactive (for example, in the case of forced inactive, we can carry out the repair of a load with no need to worry about the fact that the said load can be reconnected)It detects when the load is connected or stopped.
Modular system adapted to the number of loads in any installation. It only acquires what is needed.
It has a modular system that can connect / disconnect loads near the loads them selves to simplify the cabling structure, reduce ca-bling distances and improve the response time.
Communications and software included to display the information in a PC and store the connections and disconnections of our power control unit.
Optional programming of a contracted power calendar for the next 2 years. Optional pro-gramming of contracted power calendars in accordance with the hours of the day, type of day, etc.
Individual calendars available for loads, not only to start and stop them automatically, but also to guarantee the perfect control of power, knowing the loads in operation prior to said tasks.
Firstly, the user defines the basic power con-trol parameters, such as the type of window, period of integration, etc.
Likewise, the type of calendar of contracted power or the power ratings we wish to attain will be assigned, as well as the types of dates when the rates used by the electricity com-pany will be applied. The software supports up to 8 types of rate on 8 different dates.
Assignment of basic parameters
Assignment of the calendar Assignment of the rate
Control of loads Modular system
Units used to control the maximum demand
CA- 4 / MR-3
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Creation of load groups
Lists of loads New load
Calendar of loads
Real-time monitoring
Secondly, the groups of loads are defined, the disconnection system of the loads of this group is assigned (FIFO or LIFO) and the disconnection order of the group in relation to others is also assigned (if it is the first one or the last one, etc.)
These groups are created in accordance with the installation (for ex.: groups of compres-sors or lights, etc.). Next, the loads corre-sponding to any MR3 or the same CA4 are assigned to each group. The loads in each group are unlimited.
We can see that the power disconnection or-der consumed by each load is displayed at all times, including the total power per group, informing the user whether this is a FIFO or LIFO sequence.
After creating the groups, the user must sim-ply program the loads with their correspond-ing power, the relay that controls them and if a specific calendar can be created for each one.
For example, we can force the disconnec-tion of the machine during a determined time, with no option to connect it again during said period.This period can even be defined over a two year long period, thanks to the memory capacity of the CA-4.
When all parameters have been defined, we can create a simulation to check the correct operation and complete the system's con-figuration.
When the system has been started, the Power Control Software can be used to check the status of loads in real time, stop them manually or even maintain them per-manently stopped, by simply selecting the corresponding software.
The load status is clearly defined and the in-formation displayed will vary, depending on the status:
Units used to control the maximum demand
CA-4 / MR-3
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Description Type Code
Load controller + software CA-4 M60411
3-line expansion MR-3 M60412
Basic power control kit (3 Loads):1 CA-4 controller1 PS-24 Power Supply 24V dc1 power control software installed in the box (280 x 280 x 150)
CPP-B M60421
References Dimensions
MR-3
CA-4
Connections
Units used to control the maximum demand
CA-4 / MR-3
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