m learn 2014 slideshare
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How can mobile learning be made massive and sustainableTRANSCRIPT
Mike Sharples
Institute of Educational Technology
The Open University, UK
Keynote Talk mLearn 2014 conference, Istanbul, Turkey
Massive and sustainableTwo challenges for mobile learning
Some educational methods degrade with scale
e.g. personal tutoring, sports coachingSome educational methods are impervious to scale
e.g. lecturingWhich educational methods improve with scale?
SCALING LEARNING
For some networked systems the value of a product or service increases with the number of people using it
Metcalfe, R.M.: It’s all in your head. Forbes, 20th April, 2007. http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2007/0507/052.html
METCALFE’S LAW
The telephone system becomes more valuable to users as more people are connected
People are not just nodes in networks
Network information should be relevant
Need to develop effective massive scale networks for learning
PERSONAL NETWORKSDownes, S.: The Personal Network Effect. Blog posting, 4th November 2007. http://halfanhour.blogspot.co.uk/2007/11/personal-network-effect.html.
• FutureLearn• Company formed by
The Open University• Launched in October 2013• 40 partners, 37 universities• Over 550,000 registered
learners• Over 1 million course
registrations• Mobile platform• Social learning
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AT MASSIVE SCALEwww.futurelearn.com
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AT MASSIVE SCALE(Exploring English example)
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AT MASSIVE SCALEFuturelearn course page (‘Exploring English’ by British Council)
• 110,000 learners on the course
• Comments linked to content• Over 14,000 learner
comments on a single video • Half the learners who start the
course contribute to discussions
• 25% on mobile devices
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AT MASSIVE SCALE(Exploring English example)
MOBILE LEARNINGScale and sustainability
It’s massive
It’s mobile
It’s learning
Is it sustainable?
WORLDWIDE WEBScale and sustainability
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1991
Over two billion users worldwide in 2014
But … the story is more complicated and interesting than that
WORLDWIDE WEB1751, First concept
Diderot, Encyclopédie
WORLDWIDE WEB1945, First modern technology concept
Vannevar Bush, Memex
WORLDWIDE WEB1974, First computer implementation
Ted Nelson, Xanadu hypertext project
“Now the idea is this:To give you a screen in your home from which you can see into the world’s hypertext libraries.(The fact that the world doesn’t have any hypertext libraries – yet – is a minor point)To give you a screen system that will offer high-performance computer graphics and text services at a price anyone can afford. …To make you part of a new electronic literature and art, where you can get all your questions answered and nobody will put you down.”
WORLDWIDE WEBin 1991
240 years from first concept 45 years from first modern technology concept17 years from first computer implementation
1991, Massive and sustainable
MOBILE LEARNINGin 2014
3000 years from first concept (handheld clay tablets)42 years from first technology concept (Xerox Dynabook)15 years from first computer implementation (HandLeR project)
2016, Massive and sustainable?
WORLDWIDE WEB
“The Web arose as the answer to an open challenge, through the swirling together of influences, ideas, and realizations from many sides, until, by the wondrous offices of the human mind, a new concept jelled. It was a process of accretion, not the linear solving of one well-defined problem after another.”
Berners-Lee,T.,Fischetti,M.and Dertouzos,M.L. Weaving the Web:The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor. HarperInformation, 2000.
“Beyond Prototypes: Enabling innovating in technology-enhanced learning”, p. 33
Ted Nelson,Xanadu, 1974
HyperCard,1987
Personal computing,1970s
ConstructionistLearning, 1972
Tim Berners Lee‘Enquire’, 1980
Worldwide Web, 1991
Identify weak signals
“Beyond Prototypes: Enabling innovating in technology-enhanced learning”, p. 33
HandLeR,1999
MOBIlearn,2003
Smartphones and tablets2000s
Seamless learning, 2006
MOOCs, 2010????
Identify weak signals
Creative play with materials that are ready to hand
BRICOLAGELévi-Strauss, 1962
Creative play with technology that is ready to hand
BRICOLAGEwith technology
Bricolage for learning at massive scale?
MINECRAFT https://minecraft.netVirtual dynamic worlds that children can create and share
Minecrafthttps://minecraft.net
Minecrafthttps://minecraft.net
Scratchhttp://scratch.mit.edu/
Scratchhttp://scratch.mit.edu/
BRICOLAGEwith technology
What is the Minecraft or Scratch for mobile learning?
Modern smartphones have over 15 sensors:tilt, acceleration, air pressure, ambient temperature, humidity, illumination, magnetic field
Can we unlock them for bricolage?
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
How can you use a smartphone or tablet to:
- Measure the height of a tree (without maths)
- Find whether birds are scared by city noise?
- Create a weather station (including wind speed)?
- Find which is the fastest lift (elevator) in your
country?
- Learn about rocks / clouds / trees / birds / fashion in
different countries?
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
45o
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
Share stories about places
SHARING STORIES ABOUT PLACESSHARING STORIES ABOUT PLACESEvery location in a country can become a source of stories
Zapp guide - point at a distant landscape feature and watch, or tell, a story
Software based on a terrain map implemented on a mobile phone
Meek, S., Priestnall, G., Sharples, M. & Goulding, J. (2013) Mobile capture of remote points of interest using line of sight modelling. Computers and Geosciences, 52, 334-344.
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
Minecraft and the real world
What if you could create a Minecraft version
of the real world
in the past, present, and future
and design fantasy games that combine
virtual and real worlds
MINECRAFTin the real world
MINECRAFTin the real world - London in Minecraft
MINECRAFTBricolage in the real world - a world you can sculpt
CONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHERbricolage and mobile learning
“…the swirling together of influences, ideas, and realizations from many sides, until, by the wondrous offices of the human mind, a new concept jelled”
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
Who will connect together the pieces of
mobile learning, as Berners-Lee did to
form the worldwide web?
BRICOLAGEon mobile devices
Social learning + bricolage
=> massive and scalable
