M E N T A L H E A L T H

PROBLEMS

AND

INTERVENTION

Famous People Who Have Had Mental Illness

Vincent van GoghThe gifted Dutch Post-Impressionist artist, Vincent van Gogh, had his life shattered by mental illness. Vincent van Gogh suffered from Bipolar I Disorder at a time in history when there was no treatment for this common disorder. Tragically, Van Gogh died of suicide.

Famous People Who Have Had Mental Illness

Hans Christian Anderson, Ludwig Von Beethoven, Winston Churchill, Charles Darwin, Thomas Edison, Johan Goethe, Ernest Hemingway, Victor Hugo, John Keats, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther, Michelangelo, Florence Nightingale, Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Isaac Newton.

Mental Illness Ranks Second In Terms of Causing Disability

• Study, conducted by the World Health

Organization, the World Bank, and Harvard University, reveal that mental illness, including suicide, ranks second in the burden of disease in established market economies, such as the United States ... Nearly two-thirds of all people with diagnosable mental disorders do not seek treatment.

Mental Illness Ranks Second In Terms of Causing Disability

• In developed countries, the ten leading causes of lost years of healthy life at ages 15-44 were: (1) Major Depressive Disorder, (2) Alcohol Use, (3) Road Traffic Accidents, (4) Schizophrenia, (5) Self-Inflicted Injuries, (6) Bipolar Disorder, (7) Drug Use, (8) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, (9) Osteoarthritis, (10) Violence.

DISORDERS Painting by Van Gogh

Adjustment Disorder

Anxiety Disorders• Acute Stress Disorder • Panic Disorder • Agoraphobia Without History

of Panic Disorder • Social Phobia • Specific Phobia (formerly

Simple Phobia) • Obsessive-Compulsive

Disorder • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder • Generalized Anxiety Disorder

DISORDERS

Painting by Van Gogh Childhood Disorders

• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

• Autistic Disorder • Conduct Disorder • Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Separation Anxiety Disorder

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

DISORDERS

Painting by Van GoghMood Disorders

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder (Manic

Depression) • Cognitive Disorders

(Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic Disorders)

• Dementia Associated With Alcoholism

• Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

• Dementia

DISORDERS

Painting by Van Gogh• Schizophrenia & Other

Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophrenia • Delusional Disorder • Schizoaffective Disorder • Shared Psychotic Disorder

DISORDERS

Painting by Van Gogh Substance-Related Disorders

• Alcohol Dependence • Amphetamine Dependence • Cannabis Dependence • Cocaine Dependence • Hallucinogen Dependence • Inhalant Dependence • Nicotine Dependence • Opioid Dependence • Phencyclidine Dependence • Sedative Dependence

DISORDERS Painting by Van Gogh

Personality Disorders

• Paranoid Personality Disorder • Schizoid Personality Disorder • Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder • Histrionic Personality Disorder • Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Avoidant Personality Disorder • Dependent Personality Disorder • Obsessive-Compulsive

Personality Disorder

Personality Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior

patterns that impair social functioning.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

• Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a distrust of others and a constant suspicion that people around you have sinister motives.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

• They search for hidden meanings in everything and read hostile intentions

into the actions of others. • They are quick to challenge the loyalties of friends and loved ones and often appear cold and distant to others. They usually shift blame to others and tend to carry long grudges.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of conscience

•People with this disorder are prone to criminal behavior, believing that their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of. They tend to lie and steal

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• they are careless with money and take action without thinking about consequences

They are often aggressive and are much more concerned with their own needs than the needs of others.

Borderline Personality Disorder

• characterized by mood instability and poor self-image

People with this disorder are prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger.

Borderline Personality Disorder

• they will take their anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury

Suicidal threats and actions are not uncommon

They are quick to anger when their expectations are not met.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• constant attention seekers

They need to be the center of attention all the time, often interrupting others in order to dominate the conversation.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• They may dress provocatively or exaggerate illnesses in order to gain attention.

They also tend to exaggerate friendships and relationships, believing that everyone loves them

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

•characterized by self-centeredness

They exaggerate their achievements, expecting others to recognize them as being superior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

They tend to be choosy about picking friends, since they believe that not just anyone is worthy of being their friend.

They are generally uninterested in the feelings of others and may take advantage of them.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

• People with schizoid personality disorder avoid relationships and do not show much emotion

They genuinely prefer to be alone and do not secretly wish for popularity.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

• They tend to seek jobs that require little social contact

Their social skills are often weak and they do not show a need for attention or acceptance

They are perceived as humorless and distant and often are termed "loners."

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

• characterized by a need for social isolation, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs such as being convinced of having extra sensory abilities.

• Some people believe that schizotypal personality disorder is a mild form of schizophrenia.

Avoidant personality disorder

• characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.

• consider themselves to be socially inept or personally unappealing, and avoid social interaction for fear of being ridiculed or humiliated.

Dependent personality disorder

• characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people.

• has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

• characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness.

• people with OCPD tend to stress perfectionism above all else, and feel anxious when they perceive that things aren't "right".

DIAGNOSIS & INTERVENTION

• Case History • Clinical Diagnosis• Psychometry

Projective Tests

Inventories

PsychiatricHospitalization

Intervention with medicine

PsychotherapeuticPsychotherapy(Cognitive Behaviour

Therapy Psychoanalysis, Play Therapy)

CounsellingNon-clinical Counseling,

Family/Group Counseling

Martin Seligman says…….

# Psychology is not just the study of disease, weakness & damage; it is also the study of strength & virtue.

# Treatment is not just fixing what is wrong; it is also building what is right.

# Psychology is not just about illness or health; it is also about work, education, insight, love, growth, and play.

Happiness : Definition

A good life is one that is characterized by complete

absorption in what one does.…..Mihaly

Csikszentmihalyi.

“In Flow” means

• Intense and focused concentration on what one is doing now.

• Merging of Action & Awareness.

• Loss of Self-Consciousness.

• A sense that one can control one’s action.

• Distortion of temporal experience ( as if time has passed faster than normal).

• Intrinsically Rewarding Experience.

Satisfaction with Life Scale

There are 5 statements that you may agree or disagree with on 1-7 scale:

7 Strongly Agree ---In most ways my life is close

6 Agree to my ideal.

5 Slightly Agree ---Conditions of my life are excellent.

4 Neither Agree ---I am satisfied with my life.

nor Disagree ---So far I have got the important

3 Slightly Disagree things I want in life.

2 Disagree ---If I could live my life over, I would

1 Strongly Disagree change almost nothing.

Satisfaction with Life Scale

Scoring & Interpretation of the Scale

5-9 Extremely Dissatisfied with your Life.

10-14 Very Dissatisfied with your Life.

15-19 Slightly Dissatisfied with your Life.

20 About Neutral.

21-25 Somewhat Satisfied with your Life.

26-30 Very Satisfied with your Life.

31-35 Extremely Satisfied with your Life.

SETTING GOALS FOR LIFE & HAPPINESS

Goals are the means by which values & dreams are translated into reality. Happiness does not just happen. It has to be earned by thinking, planning, and the constant pursuit of values – both in work and in love – over the course of a lifetime. Goal-directed action is therefore critical to positive psychology.

Blocks to Goal Achievement 1. Irrationalism (pursuing one’s wishes ahead of reality). 2. Unwillingness to put forth mental & physical effort – both

in work and in love. 3. Fear.

PASSION TO KNOW

• According to ‘Discover’ magazine – “the most heavily attended internet event ever” was not about a celebrity or sports, but the on-line photo exhibit of Mars received from NASA’s Pathfinder spacecraft. Its home-page received an incredible 566 million hits!!

• We want to know things simply because they are interesting.

UNIQUENESS SEEKING

• The perception that the self is either highly similar or highly dissimilar to others arouses negative emotions.

• People should be happiest when perceiving that they are moderately different relative to others.

• However, uniqueness seeking benefits society by promoting diversity. As people seek to differentiate themselves from others, they pursue different interest & goals. It reduces competition & conflict over limited resources.

RELATIONSHIP CONNECTION

• Enhancement of Closeness brings happiness.• Close relationship is one of strong, frequent, and diverse

interdependence that lasts over a considerable period.• Close relationship is not just a form of togetherness but a

ceaseless flowing back and forth between joining and separating.

• Minding Model refers to behaviour of partners toward:

Knowing and Being Known,

Attribution,

Acceptance & Respect.

GRATITUDE

• Gratitude is a valued subjective experience, a source of human strength and promoter of civility.

• Gratitude is, at the same time, private & public; personal & communal.

• Gratitude provides life meaning, by encapsulating life itself as a gift.

FOGIVENESS

• Forgiveness is a response with redemptive consequences for transgressors & their victims.

• Forgiveness is human virtue worth cultivating.

• Forgiveness is a form of social capital that helps social units such as marriage, families and communities to operate more harmoniously.

• Avoidance Motivations (2,4,5,7,8,10, 12).

• Revenge Motivations (1,3,6,9,11).

TRANSGRESSION-RELATED INTERPERSONAL MOTIVATIONS SCALE

1. I’ll make him pay/her pay.

2. I keep as much distance between us as possible.

3. I wish that something bad would happen to him/her.

4. I live as if he/she does not exist, is not around.

5. I do not trust him/her.

6. I want him/her to get what he/she deserves.

TRANSGRESSION-RELATED INTERPERSONAL MOTIVATIONS SCALE

7. I find it difficult to act warmly toward

him/her

8. I avoid him/her.

9. I’m going to get even.

10. I cut off the relationship with him/her.

11. I want to see him/her hurt and miserable.

12. I withdraw from him/her.

16 KEYS TO HAPPINESS

• based on a survey of more than 6,000 people, Steven Reiss offers new insights about what it really takes to be happy.

• Two kinds of happiness must be distinguished: feel-good and value-based.

• We experience value-based happiness when we satisfy any of the 16 basic desires--the more desires we satisfy, the more value-based happiness we experience.

16 KEYS TO HAPPINESS

• CURIOSITY - I have a thirst for knowledge.

• ACCEPTANCE - I have a hard time coping with.

• ORDER - It upsets me when things are out

of place.

• PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - Physical fitness is very important to me.

16 KEYS TO HAPPINESS

• HONOR - I am a highly principled and loyal person.

• POWER - I often seek leadership roles.

• INDEPENDENCE - Self-reliance is essential to my happiness.

• SOCIAL CONTACT - I am known as a fun-loving person.

16 KEYS TO HAPPINESS

• FAMILY - My children come first.

• STATUS - I am impressed by people who own expensive things.

• IDEALISM - Compared with most people,

I am very concerned with social causes.

• VENGEANCE - It is very important to me to get even with those who insult or offend me.

16 KEYS TO HAPPINESS

• ROMANCE - Compared with my peers, I spend much more time on love and relationship.

• EATING - I love to eat and often fantasize about food.

• SAVING - I hate throwing things away.

• TRANQUILITY - It scares me when my heart beats rapidly.