Decree of Minister of Man-power & immigration No.211 for 2003 on Safety levels, precautions and terms to prevent detrimental physical, chemical, biological and mechanical hazards and securing the work environment

section One:Definitions, precautions and general terms :

Chapter one : Definitions ;

Article (1) :

In applying the provisions of this Decree, the following terminologies shall have the meaning ascribed to them ;

Explosives : are materials, substances or activities that might lead to explosions under impact of heat, flame, pressure, shock or friction and yield instant enormous pressure and high temperature gases.

Hazardous Material ; means any material or mixture of substances constitute a danger by virtue of their toxic physical or chemical properties, flammability or likelihood to explode either spontaneously or in combination with other substances.

Permissible quantity or Threshold : is the quantity of hazardous material which is approved by national laws and regulations under specific conditions and which may enlist the establishment as hazardous if ignored.

Major Hazards Establishment : means establishments which are temporarily or permanently involved in production, preparation, handling, use, storage or disposal of hazardous materials and substances in quantities exceeding permissible limits.

Emergency plan : is a written plan includes measures and procedures to combat potential risks and consequences of health hazards on citizens, residents and the environment. This plan involves providing and preparing for all necessary arrangements to be implemented.

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Risk : is a possible harm either on health, the environment and property as a result of exposure to toxic, burning or explosive material.

Hazard Analysis and evaluation : is the process of determining the level and type of potential hazards on establishments, finding out reasons and ways behind those hazards, estimating their consequences and determining methods of prevention and remedy to such hazards.

Hazards' Preliminary analysis : procedures take to determine the hazards during the designing of a project and before its implementation in order to include design amendments to prevent potential hazards and mitigate its impacts.

Risk management : includes all administrative, technical and engineering procedures taken in relevance with operation and safety procedures of establishments.

Toxic materials : are materials or waste which could be fatal or harmful to health ( causing acute or chronic illness ) if swallowed, inhaled or in contact with the skin.

Hazardous chemicals : refer to chemicals causing toxic chemical or physical harm and acting as a source of immediate or far reaching risk on human health and safety and the environment or could cause fires and explosions as a result of standard or non-standard transport, handling or their emergency use in circumstances involving those hazardous chemicals or their waste products.

Hazardous wastes: include all forms and types of remains of industrial, agricultural, occupational and human activities involving chemical or biological materials classified as hazardous materials including containers, refills, hulls, general and personal preparations and other products contaminated by those materials, in addition to hazardous chemicals that have either expired, been disposed of or excluded from occupational utilization.

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Trade Name : is the name of the chemical product used by manufacturer and advertised to distinguish this product from other chemicals with the same active ingredient.

Pure agriculture : means jobs directly related to agriculture as preparing the land for agriculture, corps cultivation, pesticides, harvesting or similar activities in fields, gardens or orchards and this definition exclude jobs not directly related to agriculture as administrative or industrial works supplementing agriculture.

Chapter twoWorkplaces and constructions

Article (1) : each establishment should take the following basic precautions and conditions to secure occupational health and safety :

a) To select carefully the location of establishment and its workplaces in complying with provisions of constructional planning' law No. 3 for 1983 and its executive regulations and local resolutions in this respect, provided that no previous resolution was issued by any relevant body forbidding any activities or certain types of activities on the selected site, besides consideration of the environmental dimension according to the environment law No.4 for 1994.

b) The establishment or a contractor who mandates a subcontractor to implement any operation, should notify the competent directorate of manpower and immigration at least one week before the initiation of operation and provide a statement with the following information :

Name of establishment and original contractor Name of sub-contractor. Type of operation and time of implementation. Number of workers. Assigned location of operation

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The establishment owner and whoever may contract to implement construction works should comply with providing the precautions and conditions of occupational health and safety and securing the environment work as follows ;

a) To provide the conditions of occupational health and safety for the workplace, equipments and operators.

b) It is imperative that the contract should compel the contractor to provide equipments and conditions of occupational health and safety for his workers. In case of non-compliance, the establishment should deliver personal protection tools to workers to ensure that no harm happen to them and no damage occur to the original establishment.

c) The establishment should permanently keep licenses required by mentioned laws in the preamble of this decree and in accordance with the undertaken activity.

d) The establishment should avoid undertaking any amendments on buildings, construction materials, instruments and machines unless approval has been obtained from competent bodies.

e) walls, roofs, all parts of the establishment and their contents such as instruments, vessels and appliance should be permanently kept clean and in good condition while damages should be promptly repaired and floors washed, cleaned and polished.

f) The establishment should keep the enforceable licenses of building and administrative permits according to law No. 55 for 1977 and its executive regulations on establishing and administering of thermal machines and steam boilers.

g) Furnaces, fire kilns and chimneys should comply with conditions of the decree of Minister of Housing No. 380 for 1975 and the chimneys should be two meters higher than any building roof in the center of a circular range with a diameter of 25 meters.

h) Drainage and disposal of different wastes should comply with the conditions provided by the law No. 93 for 1962, its executive regulations, the decree of Minister of Housing No. 380 for 1975 and law No. 48 for 1982 on discharging into waterways and law No. 4 for 1994 on environmental protection and its executive regulations and law No. 59 for 1960 on radiation prevention.

i) The establishment should secure public utilities ( water sources – sanitary installations – drainage works – general and personal

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hygiene ) according to the Ministry of Housing decisions in this respect.

j) The establishment should allocate a special area for changing clothes with lockers for workers, particularly in the industries and occupations which may pollute workers bodies or clothes as well as provide facilities for showering, bathing and prevent them from leaving the establishment with polluted work clothes.

k) To provide places distant from work areas for storing food, beverages and smoking according to the volume and activity of establishment.

l) The Workplaces at industrial and commercial premises as well as other noisy, hazardous and harmful locations on health, including casinos, public and tourist establishments should be furnished in accordance with the general and specific conditions suitable for each activity and with the provisions of the Decrees of Minister of Housing, utilities, constructional communities and other competent Ministries.

m)New establishments should take arrangements to facilitate traffic and moving of disabled persons during work and to make necessary amendments in existing establishments.

Chapter threePrevention of fire hazards

Article ( 2 ) : The establishment should take necessary precautions and conditions to prevent fire hazards according to the recommendation of competent bodies ( Ministry of interior ), the type of activities at workplaces, the chemical, physical natures of the different used and in consideration of the following.

Stationary and movable fire fighting instruments and equipments should be consistent with Egyptian standard specifications and law No. 58 for 1973 and its executive regulations on manufacturing and refilling of fire fighting equipments.

Installing the most updated fire prevention and extinguishing equipments and providing necessary fire alarms, fire warning,

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early fire detection, preventive fire isolation and automatic fire fighting and extinguishers whenever necessary.

The establishment should avoid getting rid of flammable and explosive trashes and hazardous materials on floors or corridors disposed of them in a safe way in accordance with common safety precautions.

A substitute source of electric power should be provided to operate fire fighting equipments and other appliances needed in case of electric power failure.

Emergency access and exit points should be provided on the paths leading to workplaces, consistent with the number of workers with appropriate illumination and signs posted in accordance with the emergency plan of establishment.

Water sources and fire hydrants, special fire hose connections and reserve water tanks should be secured in the establishments requiring such installations.

An adequate number of qualified, trained and drilled staff should be available and provided with suitable clothes and tools to implement the special fire and civil defense plan of the establishment when needed. If such a plan does not exist, the staff should report to the fire and civil defense approved by the competent authority, Legal procedures shall then be taken against the establishment and the relevant body will be notified to take necessary actions.

It is necessary to keep a record of regular fire fighting, fire alarms instruments and fire equipments maintenance.

All parts of the establishment should be fire resistant or retardant whenever possible and doors should easily open on both sides.Safety signs and boards should be clearly posted in various parts

of establishment. Trash and garbage should be kept away from skylights and

disposed of promptly to avoid any fire hazards. A regular check up of air conditions at skylights and other places should be performed and fire sprinklers should be installed in the central air conditioning system.

Establishments which produce and utilize hazardous materials should protect workers against any hazards they might be exposed to during their duty in the establishment.

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Chapter four Emergency plans

Article ( 3 ) : The establishment management and its subsidiaries should undertake an analysis and evaluation of hazards, potential natural and industrial catastrophes and prepare an emergency plan to protect the establishment and workers in case of such disasters as follows :

1)The process of hazard analysis and evaluation should be implemented according to the documented and adopted national and international criteria and standards in order to estimate the effectiveness and efficiency of utilized instruments and equipments in the productive operations and safety systems and hazards and pollutants control.

2) The process of hazard analysis and evaluation at establishment should be implemented in the stage of design, preliminary testing, instrumental operation and construction, based on the maximum productive capacity, in order to identify potential problems and hazards which may affect safety of appliances related to controlling, monitoring and production operation or leading to infiltration of toxic, hazardous materials or fires and explosions inside and outside the establishment.

3) The processes of hazard analysis, reviewing and evaluation should be done regularly and orderly according to the nature of hazardous materials used, handled and stored and the utilized technology in productive process, in addition to potential risks and disasters aiming to the following ;

identifying the quality and quality of toxic, hazardous, explosive and combustible materials which may leak by accident and determining the impacts of health and the environment, human and economic losses and the extent of leak outside the establishment, possible consequences and necessary measures should be taken.

Identifying the potential malfunctions in systems, programs and measures of safety and components, safety valves, pressure mitigation, controlling, equilibrium, mechanical systems and pumps, power resources, pressure vessels, temperature control

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and deviation from ordinary operation systems according to the instrument design and malfunction, welding operations, engineering inspection and monitoring, and the impacts of natural factors and accidental external events.

Identifying the effectiveness, efficiency of preventive and regular maintenance programs, systems and the policy of replacement and renovation of utilized equipments and constructions in the production activities according to the criteria and standards set the company and supplier and the degree of necessity for developing such programs.

Determining human, technical and organizational failures which may cause potential accidents and disasters that considered as indicator for workers inefficiency and their need to regular and constant training and developing their organizational and technical performance skills according to the special operation instructions at the establishment.

Determining failures in engineering and architectural design, non-compliance with potential requirements and measures, safety standards on selecting machines and equipments in the workplace and its consistency with national standardized technical specifications during preliminary stages of design, testing and operation.

Examining and evaluating the effectiveness of the compliance plan for potential emergencies and disasters inside and outside the establishment and determining various human resources, financial, equipments and appliance needs required to implement the plan and undertake its training

Evaluating and analyzing the effectiveness and efficiency of organizational procedures on occupational health and safety, securing work environment in the establishment and the scope of workers' need for training, education and awareness.

4) The establishment management should take administrative, organizational and technical procedures to prepare a plan for emergencies, industrial disasters and accidents inside and outside the establishment and determining human resources, financial, equipments and appliances needs to implement the plan taking into consideration the following :

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recruiting technical leaders, cadres and personnel mandated to administer and manage emergency and disasters, determine their duties and responsibilities constantly and regularly train them on practical tests and identifying the negative points on implementing established plans to combat crisis and setting up the appropriate recommendations to avoid defaults and raising efficiencies, developing technical, organizational and practical skills in dealing with industrial accidents and disasters.

Providing the means, equipments of collective and individual protection, rescue, aids, first aid, ambulances, transport means of injured persons, alarm tools and medical appliances.

Preparing plans of available resources in emergency, disaster and crisis cases including the location of emergency management center, distribution points of equipments, fire fighting tools, rescue, prevention, medical aids, special appliances of debris removal and safe evacuation places and shelters.

Preparing and coordinating between executive bodies and neighbor establishments relevant to providing services and assistance in managing emergencies, crisis and disasters such as rescue teams, fire and explosions fighting, leak of hazardous and toxic materials and establishments of health care.

The establishment management should submit the emergency plan for potential disasters in the establishment to the competent executive bodies after its preparation and examination and informing those bodies of any changes in the establishment structure and the quantity and stock of hazardous materials.

The establishment management should provide those who implement the emergency plan with information on chemicals, hazardous wastes, radiant materials and its places, utilization, handling and storing, further to a brief on its risks, means of dealing with it in case of leak, fires and explosions, personal protection tools and fire extinguishers that should be utilized in those cases in addition to information on weather, meteorology and prevailing climate in the region during the event.

The establishment management should prepare a detailed report to be submitted to competent executive bodies with an analysis and evaluation of reasons underlying big disasters and accidents, social, economic and human loses, environmental and healthy impacts and negatives, failures and defects in plan implementation and to set up the appropriate recommendations

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to avoid repetition of such accidents and disasters and mitigate their consequences.

Chapter fiveOccupational health and safety in Agriculture sector

Article ( 4 ) :

1)The minimum age of young people employed in agriculture should never be less than the age specified by national and international laws in order to protect juveniles and children from such agricultural activities bearing possible health and safety hazards.

2) Occupational health and safety measures and precautions aimed at securing work environment and special precautions in agricultural establishments, projects and livestock production should be taken to protect working women from biological, physical, chemical and mechanical hazards, work injuries, occupational diseases and other factors which may affect their reproductive health, pregnancy and breast feeding in accordance with national laws and legislations.

3) Occupational health and safety measures and precautions should aim at protecting workers, work environment in agricultural projects, activities and livestock production against hazards of fertilizers, veterinary, bio-chemical and chemical components which may harm on workers' health and safety.Documents of safety data and related labels used by the factory or supplier should clearly mention the characteristics of those components, materials and their safe utilization. Labels should also mention first aid procedures in cases of poisoning or health hazards and appropriate fire extinguishers in addition to safety specifications of storage and transport information.Such information should be written in plain Arabic and simple style and language and should be kept in records to register chemicals and hazardous pesticides.

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4) The management of agricultural establishments and livestock production facilities should guarantee biological safety to protect its workers against potential infections and diseases caused by biological pollutants in the work environment, such as ( viruses – fungi – bacteria – parasites – carrier insects as well as reptile, scorpion, snake stings or wild animals bites and injuries.Workers should also be provided with personal protection tools, special and general cleaning instruments and protection from biological hazards through appropriate vaccination ( vaccines – serums ) according to the nature of biological pollution, pesticides, carrier animals of infections and causing diseases in the work environment. Workers awareness should be raised by briefing them on biological hazards and procedures of bio-safety as well as to stay away from reptiles, insects, animals and diseases carriers.

5) Workplaces at agricultural establishments should provide first aid and medical care procedures consistent with the nature of potential risks. Staff qualified and trained persons in respect of first aid methods, particularly in dealing with ( scorpion and snake stings and injuries caused by wild and stray animals ) should be available, along with appropriate antidotes and sera.

6) Preventive procedures and conditions of occupational health and safety at workplaces should be applied at agricultural activities and livestock during spraying chemicals, insecticides, fertilizers, purification and sterilization. appropriate protection tools, shower stalls, cleaning tolls should be supplied to workers using agricultural chemicals, insecticides, or involved in fixing, cleaning and maintenance of fertilizing and spraying tools or soil purification and sterilization tools.

7) Workplaces at agricultural establishments should be provided with health care services and include units of workers' medical and remedial care, systems of regular medical examinations to prevent occupational diseases and work injuries, combating accidents and emergencies in cases of poisoning by dangerous and hazardous materials on health and preparing special records to register and record work accidents and injuries, ordinary and chronic occupational diseases.

8) Organizing education and awareness programs for workers in agriculture and livestock production through readable, audiovisuals

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and posters to guide workers on safe work methods, importance of wearing personal protection tools, safety standards on utilizing and handling agriculture chemicals, veterinary medicines, disinfectants, sterilization materials and protection from chemical, mechanical, physical and biological hazards at work environment in addition to the importance of complying with instructions of occupational health and safety.

9) Providing lodging and accommodation places furnished with utilities of social, educational and medical care at establishments of agriculture and livestock production's workers whom their work nature requires temporary or permanent stay at workplace.

10) Hours of night work and rest periods concerning hard and exhausting works that agriculture workers take vacation as a substitute should be consistent with provisions at labour law No.12 for 2003 and its executive regulations.

The second section Securing work environment

Article ( 3 ):

The establishment and its subsidiaries adheres to provide methods of occupational health and safety and securing work environment in order to guarantee protection from various hazards, particularly negative, chemical, biological, mechanical and physical hazards and other different risks as follows :

First Chapter Prevention of physical hazards

Establishment should take preventive measures from physical hazards as follows :

One : ( Heat stress ) Article ( 5 )

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conditions and precautions should be taken to adapt work atmosphere and complying with safe standards of temperatures that may workers deal with, without any harms to them and consistent with work nature and volume of exerted effort according to the attached tables No ( 3 , 4 ) The methods of exposure control of heat stress including the following :

evaluating temperatures affect work environment and make regular measurements by assessing of physical effort for each work through measuring of temperature affects at work environment by using appliances of heat stress measurement.

Raising health awareness of workers and provide potable water and increasing the rate of salt into meals to compensate lost water and salt during working at very hot environment.

Monitoring of environmental factors cause the effective heat stress by following methods of possible engineering monitor in the industrial operations and include :

Isolating industrial operations generate high heat stress. Isolating the surfaces of furnaces, boilers, steam tubes and hot

materials by insulated materials. Screening the sources of thermal radiation by appropriate reverse

barriers. Providing the places of heat emission with suitable ventilators. Ventilating the workplace by increasing number of walls and

ceilings' slots and considering that breezing air should pass to workers through slots beneath workplace, then to the hot surfaces and to upper moving out slots according to the regulated resolutions in this regard.

Utilizing situated air conditions at places of workers' assembling through breezing air shower around the workers and considering different factors to keep thermal balance of workers.

Taking necessary precautions to minimize infiltration of water vapor to work atmosphere and controlling at humidity rate inside work environment.

Two : Cold Stress

Article ( 6 ) :

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The following conditions to protect workers from effects of cold stress should be considered ( Table No. 5 ) :-

Providing workers with dry and isolating clothes at 4 degree Celsius and controlling of air speed while old persons and whom suffers from problems at circulation system should be provided with more isolated clothes and minimizing their period of exposure where those considered precautions depend mainly on the health status of workers.

Wet clothes should be promptly changed by other dry ones at 2 degree Celsius further to provide health care.

Hands of workers who undertake delicate manual works should be protected for 10 - 20 minutes at 16 degree Celsius or less by pushing hot air or scorching source ( electric or fuel heater ) and any metal parts should be covered by thermal insulator in case of handling at 10 degree Celsius.

In case of manual works that don't require delicateness or manual dexterity, gloves should be worn when the temperature lower than 16 degree Celsius, particularly works which require seating fro long time.

Working at normal or hot temperature require emphasizing that worker clothes is dry before entering cold places.

Any part of the worker body is frost-bitten shouldn't be scratched or rubbed but should be promptly warmed by hot air or any thermal source.

Skin's Continuous exposure without protection is not allowed at cold degree equivalent to 32 degree Celsius with a necessity to consider the exposure period.

Continuous work under cold atmosphere at cold stress equivalent to 7 degree Celsius or lower, closely warm places should be provided for workers.

Three : ( illumination )Article ( 7 ) :

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Enough and appropriate illumination either natural or artificial, should be provided for work types that being undertaken and considering the following points :

Distribution of outlets, skylights and natural light loopholes should allow of regular light distribution to workplaces and its glass should be cleaned inside and outside permanently.

Resources of natural and artificial lights should include identical illumination and appropriate means should be taken to avoid direct glow, reverse light and trembling illumination .

Avoiding great disparity of light distribution at convergent places. The space of Natural light outlets which are opened at uncovered

places shouldn't be lower than tenth of floor space and those outlets shouldn't be less than sixth of floor space in the areas where its land lower than the level of neighboring land.

It is not allowed to put furniture, equipments or partitions which may minimize illumination.

To be guided by safe illumination standards at clerical work and industrial operations ( according to the attached Tables No. 6 –7 ).

Four : ( Noise )Article ( 8 ) :

Precautions of reducing dangerous noise level on workers health should be taken in order to avoid increasing the noise level and exposure period than safe standards that clarified at Tables 1 - 2 and the following points should be considered :-

selecting standardized instruments which shall be consistent with permissible standards.

Isolating the noise source and utilizing soundproof walls and partitions.

Fixing the machines on absorptive bases of sound and vibration. Replacing movable metal parts in the machines by other parts

such as ( plastic or Teflon ) to minimize scratching and noise respectively.

Controlling at machines' operation speed to be consistent with specifications.

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Adopting an appropriate system of regular maintenance. Walls and ceilings must be lined with sound absorptive materials. Evaluating and measuring noise level and its equivalent level

constantly and regularly. Utilizing personal protection tools when engineering control is

difficult such as ( ear plugs and covers, helmets for heads and ears ).

Five : ( vibrations ) Article ( 9 ) ;-

Precautions prevent or decrease workers' exposure to mechanical vibrations should be taken as follows :

1)The establishment management adheres to put a plan of regular and constant analyzing and measuring resulted vibrations from equipments, machines and different work activities in order to identify vibrations source and methods of controlling and mitigation, with the aim of preventing hazardous impacts which conclude from vibrations at work environment and identifying vibration standards and comparing it with recommended safe and healthy conditions according to the attached Table No. 10.

2) The establishment complies with taking technical, engineering measures and procedures to decreasing vibrations by using modern techniques of equipments, appliances, programs of preventive and regular maintenance and engineering inspection according to the factory specifications, designing, isolation and putting vibrations down, disorders prevention, dynamic and mechanical balance which cause vibrations.

3) The establishment management should provide personal protection tools that consistent with quality specifications, provided that those tools should isolate and mitigate vibrations on workers' body and don't cause any disturbance for the workers during undertaking their work duties and should be safe and consistent with the vibration nature and concluded hazards.

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4) The establishment management complies with setting up health care system to prevent and control at healthy risks that resulted from vibrations through making primary, regular and specific medical tests in order to examine healthy disorders and illness and to detect potential diseases at its first stages, particularly blood circulation, nervous and dynamic systems and arthritis.

5) The establishment management complies with preparing and organizing education and training programs of awareness with the aim to encourage workers who exposed to vibrations to adopt safe work practices to protect them from risks resulted from vibrations exposure.

Six : Work organization with ionizing Radiation and protection from its risks

Article ( 10 ) :-

* The establishment complies with taking protection conditions and procedures from ionizing radiation whether it was resulted from radiant materials or any activities that may generate radiant activity according to provisions of law No. 59 for 1960, its executive regulation and resolutions on organizing work with ionizing radiation and protection from its risks and the establishment should permanently keep record and documents as putting into force the provisions of above-mentioned law.

Without prejudice to special provisions at laws, resolutions and regulations concerning radiant materials and ionizing radiation and protection from it And consider the following points :-

Importing, exporting, manufacturing, possessing, handling, transporting, storing or disposing from radiation appliances, radiant materials or radiant wastes shall not be done without getting a license from competent authority.

Utilizing ionizing radiation for any different uses shouldn't be done without getting a license from competent authority whether it was for individuals or appropriate places and after correspondent to required specifications and qualifications.

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The licensee shouldn't exceed the granted license provisions or making any amendment to the appliances or materials that licensed to use without approval from competent authority.

The licensee who has been mandated of utilizing or keeping of radiant materials and instruments should inform promptly the competent authority in case of losing any of them or accident that might expose any person to a group of over-permissible radiation according to the legislations in this respect and clarifies the causes and details of the accident.

The licensee who utilizes or keep radiant materials and appliances or allowing any person to work with ionizing radiation or undertaking any other work that could exposes him to radiation risks, should do so after examining him medically or making sure of his technical medical fitness according to conditions and situations that determined by competent authority.

Persons who less than 18 years old shouldn't be employed at works that might expose them to radiations and The licensee should take necessary protecting precautions for workers and citizens (neighbors and habitués ), environment protection ( work and outside environment ) from radiation risks according to the determined instructions and conditions by competent authority.

providing guidance signs and warning posters from radiation risk at ionizing radiation workplaces and the special procedures to prevent non-workers to enter to work and operation places.

Observing to undertake regular measurement of radiation doses where workers expose to and at certain times determined by competent authority and recording measurement results at prepared models and be kept to enable officials to be acquainted with.

The licensee, according to the license conditions, should employ or contract with health physicist or qualified protection expert to follow all radiant works as environmental measures, radiant survey, radiant doses monitoring for individuals, records booking of radiant materials, condition of radiant instruments, cases of radiant pollution, radiant doses that registered by mean of appropriate dose measure regularly , in addition to following up emergency cases.

Programs of workers' training, guidance, awareness, education on ionizing radiation through study circles, technical bulletins,

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training courses, seminars, audiovisual mass-media to guide them of conditions, precautions relevant to basic safety criteria to be protected from ionizing radiation and get acquainted with safe methods and special procedures of workers and determine their duties, responsibilities and controlling their compliance with instructions and work system.

Medical control system, regular medical examination and blood examination should be undertaken every six months and making special medical tests in cases of severe exposure as a result of radiant accidents according to determined health specifications by competent authority and prepare a special record of medical tests' results and blood examination.

Providing instruments that relevant to transporting and handling radiant materials and personal protection tools that consistent with work nature such as aprons, gloves, compact glasses, shoes and special grasps that hold far-reaching radiant sources and should be consistent with basic safety specifications to be protected from ionizing radiation.

Observing instructions and procedures on conditions and criteria of basic safety and security for protection from radiant risks during transporting, handling and storing radiant sources as follows ;

Storing of radiant sources should be in places of non-intensive workers and it's forbidden for non-authorized persons and considering that radiant sources shouldn't be stored at places that include explosive or flammable components or near it.

Observing the availability of all data on radiant sources at storehouse, including date of source supplying, its resulted dose, username, and all information shall register at special records on storing and handling radiant sources and consideration should be given to put warning and guidance signs concerning radiation risks on the door that leads to store rooms of radiant sources.

The process of regular and preventive maintenance, examination and checking up should be undertaken on instruments that include ionizing radiant sources to emphasize on safety of controlling, monitoring, operation and preventive shields which lined to the container of radiant source under the supervision and responsibility of radiation protection expert at the establishment.

Designing and planning of workplaces in ionizing radiation where operating and utilizing of radiant sources and works are

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undertaken by procedures and style that reducing the personal exposure to the minimum level and preventing non-necessary exposure.

The establishment management should take an emergency plan to combat radiant accidents during operating, utilizing, handling and storing of radiant sources lead to expose workers and work environment to enormous levels of radiant pollution, Meanwhile a group of workers should be trained to implement the plan and examine its different parts to determine the negative and positive aspects during implementation process, while necessary tests, plan and experiments to avoid failures should be implemented under supervision and responsibility of radiation protection expert in the establishment.

Seven : Protection from harmful effects of laser radiation

Article ( 11 ) :-

Necessary criteria and controls of utilizing laser appliances should be undertaken as follows :-

complying with permissible standards at Tables ( 8-9 ). Workers should be trained to protect themselves from laser risks. Recruiting A responsible and high qualified and trained person to

secure and operate laser appliances and to determine specific classification of different appliances, the potential risks of appliances according to its types and operation places, protection procedures and tools such as glasses, clothes, guiding signs and its places.

Written and adopted statement on procedures of ideal operation and maintenance should be available.

The minimum necessary power and strength should be considered during work performance.

Selected Staff should be trained and educated to undertake operation and maintenance and raising their awareness on standards and types of risks resulted from unsafe utilization of laser.

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It is never allowed to non-licensee, trainers and experienced persons to operate and preserve laser appliances, In the Meantime operation switch should be removed in case of non-operating the appliance.

Observing that other persons should never be exposed to radiation level over the permissible maximum, particularly during the processes of appliances adjustment.

It is necessary to utilize protection glasses during possible exposure to laser radiation or its reverse.

Primary and secondary radiation should be terminated at the end of its tracks whenever possible.

The track of laser radiation should be in a higher position than the eye of sitting person or beneath the level of standing person's eye whenever possible.

Eight : Non-ionizing Radiation and its fields

Article ( 12 ) :

* Static frequency electric field ( 30 kilohertz and less )

Safe levels of exposing to static frequency electric field should be observed according to Table ( 13 ) .

Necessary precautions should be taken to make sure of recommendations and utilizing insulate gloves.

Personal protection tools should be used ( suits – Gloves …etc. ) in all fields that over 15 kilovolt/meter.

Persons who use appliances of heart pulse arranging shouldn't be exposed to a field more than 1 kilovolt.

*Static frequency magnetic field :

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In case of exposing to infra-radio frequency magnetic field 30 kilohertz and less, permissible levels of magnetic intensity according to Table (14) which clarify the acceptable level where workers can be exposed for 8 hours without any effects on their health and safety and those values shall be used as a guide on controlling of magnetic field' exposure and considered as a separate limit between risk and safety levels.

Nine : Exposing to Ultraviolet radiation

Article ( 13 ) :-

*In case of Exposing to ultraviolet radiation, permissible quantity or threshold of ultraviolet radiation should be considered within spectrum area between 180– 400 nanometer ( Table 11 ) and that area represents circumstances where most of the workers can be exposed without harmful effects on health, those values shall be applied at eye or skin exposing to ultraviolet resulted from light-bow or florescent, steam or gas vacuum tubes or any solar radiation or glowing sources and not apply on the persons who suffer from light allergy or expose to factors that cause light allergy.

those value shall never be applied at exposure to ultraviolet radiation with light mono-induction or individual exposure to the factor of light induction.

Values of permissible quantity or threshold of occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation that falls on the skin or eyes when values and period of radiation is known should be as follows :-

In the area of ultraviolet radiation spectrum from 320 to 400 nanometer, the total volume of radiation on unprotected eyes shouldn't be more than 1 Millie-watt / centimeter for periods more than 10 seconds ( almost 16 Minutes ).

Values of ultraviolet radiation which falls directly on unprotected eyes or skin shouldn't be increased that registered values at Table No. 12 during 8 hours.

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* Effective radiation = total product of spectrum radiation values and relative spectrum effectiveness and change average of waving length. M ( eff ) = M E y S y y where : -* E = effective radiation of monochrome source at 270 Nanometer/watt/Centimeter or joule /second/centimeter.* S = relative spectrum effectiveness.

* = showing of spectrum punch by nanometer.* at All sources of white light, estimation of spectrum radiation which varied between 180 – 315 nanometer is enough to calculate values of effective radiation.

permissible values of exposure time to ultraviolet radiation can be calculated by second for unprotected eyes or skin through dividing 1,003 joule/centimeter on effective radiation by watt/centimeter.

All values of previous permissible levels of ultraviolet power apply sources which make angel less than 80 degree but the sources which make bigger angel should be measured only at angel more than 80 degree.

In case of utilizing preventive paintings against ultraviolet radiation, a person can endure higher values than permissible quantity or threshold values that shown at the table without skin allergy but those values not enough to prevent skin cancer.

In case of diffusion of ozone gas if ultraviolet radiation sources are utilized at waving length less than 250 nanometer, the tables of chemicals permissible quantity or threshold should be followed.

The Second Chapter Protection from Mechanic hazards

One : construction, excavation and demolition works :-

Article ( 14 ) :-

Works of construction, excavation and demolition should be approved by competent authorities in accordance with technical and engineering

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specifications and consideration should be given to provide the following precautions and conditions of occupational health and safety :

Construction works :- Adequate precautions should be taken to guarantee safe

workplaces and free of harms on the workers' health and safety. Providing safe means to reach and come back from and to all

workplaces which should be maintained regularly and to put guiding signs whenever necessary.

Adequate precautions should be taken to protect persons into construction area or close to it against all risks that might be at this area.

Providing enough illumination at workplace, outlets and other necessary places that person might use .

Workplace should be provided with adequate safety tools such as protective head covers, rubber shoes and …etc.

Any constructions, expansions, modifications on the buildings, construction materials, equipments or machines should never be implemented unless getting licensing and approval from competent authorities and relevant local housing bodies.

Roofs of workplaces should be enclosed if the work nature require going up and the skylights which penetrate those roofs or cover them in a way could prevent persons or things to be fallen.

Protective umbrellas with enough width and adequate higher partitions to protect workers and person who passed under them Should be provided to prevent falling things.

Two : scaffolds

Article ( 15 ) :-

1) Construction, dismantling or modification of any scaffold should be undertaken under the supervision of relevant executive engineer or operation contractor.

2) Scaffolds and passages should be wide enough to allow workers to pass safely without falling down and be

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surrounded by side fences if it is higher than 4 meters from ground level and providing workers with protection tools against falling down and to be sure that scaffolds and passages are properly fastened.

3) All scaffolds, its related equipments and ladders should be manufactured from materials free of failures and durable for pressure and efforts and should be permanently qualified to work and be tested and examined regularly by the executive engineer or operation contractor and registers date and conclusions of examination shall be kept in an special record.

4) The Pillars and bases of scaffold should be fastened and the following precautions shall be taken to guarantee the pillars fixing :

it should be fixed enough under the ground according to the soil nature.

It should be fixed to planks or at other bases to avoid slippery . Scaffold should be fixed only on the fastened parts of the building.

5) It is forbidden to throw any work tools or instruments on the ground but should be brought down carefully.

6) To guarantee safety of the public and passing people during Construction and restoration works inside the cities, scaffold should be covered by plastic or cloth curtains from the overlooking side at main street to prevent falling the materials down and prevent dust diffusion, and those curtains should be put along the scaffold and its sides and protected umbrellas should be utilized inside cities to protect passing persons from resulted injuries from materials falling down.

Three : suspended scaffolds

Article ( 16 ) :-

Extension arm should consider :

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To be enough durable and thicker to guarantee the scaffold's strength and steadiness.

To be put vertically on the building façade. Safety modulus of suspension wires or cables should be multiplied

at least by ten times as maximum weight of cables and the cables should be long enough to leave two complete circles around each column under the cornice.

Four : The cornices around work place

Article ( 17 ) :-

1) Each cornice higher than the ground by two meters shall be provided with adjoining planks.

2) The cornice should be wide enough according to the work nature and should have passage width never less than 60 Centimeter and free of any equipments or barriers.

3) All work cornices where workers are subjected to fall down should be provided with appropriate protected fence.

4) Cornices should be provided with durable cables, ropes and chains that workers might be clung or carried, in case of slippery and should be built in a way where its parts should never be bowed in an uncommon and inconsistent way.

Five : The Stairs

Article ( 18 ) :-

high stairs and passages or similar places should be provided with technical and scientific conditions and include safe precautions of safety and protection and the stairs ground should be made of anti-slippery material and the steps should be durable and wide enough to allow passing safely and fenced from both sides if one of the sides not adjacent to the wall.

The outlets of stairs and ground should be surrounded by fence from all sides except the stair's entrance, and that fence should be made of narrow rods and if there are any gaps, it should be

26

covered by metal covers to prevent falling anything down that may injure pedestrians.

All walls, roofs, grounds, stairs and all other parts of the establishment and contents should be permanently kept undamaged and repaired and restored against damage.

Six : demolition works

Article ( 19 ) :-

Demolition works should be examined by technical and scientific means before starting of demolition and vast experienced technical supervisor of demolition works should be provided.

Walls and protrusive parts of the building might be fallen down should be crucified.

Demolition debris should never be thrown from high places and should be removed by lifting equipments or through bending tubes that surrounded by fences and all debris should be fenced as well.

required precautions should be taken to guarantee the safety of pedestrians.

Appropriate means and precautions should be taken to get rid of debris.

Demolition works should start from higher floors.

Seven : Tunnels and Earthworks

Article ( 20 ) :-

excavation should be done in a steady way and consider the following :

1) Crucifying the excavation sides increase than 1,50 Meter by pillars or any other mean to protect workers from soil friability, falling down or water outflow.

2) Resulted debris from excavation should never be accumulated beside excavation area and maybe put temporarily on a distance equivalent to two times as the depth and should be removed

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regularly and making an appropriate protective fence to bridge the gap and have cross section not less than 30 centimeter and be fixed at least on one meter high from the ground or cornice and should be there until the gap is plugged and it should turned into its first status as soon as ending excavation, Furthermore phosphoric signs, it similar and warning barrens should be put on excavation sides and put lights at nights.

3) Securing an appropriate ventilation at workplaces in order to keep good respiration

4) Workers shouldn't be exposed to potential risks from ground such as liquids movement, gas pockets, electric cables or gas tubes.

5) All information on the contents under excavation passage (drainpipes, water, gas, cables, telephones ) should be gathered.

Eight : Quarries and mines works

Article ( 21 ) :-

Mines and Quarries works should be consistent with decree of Minister of Man-Power and immigration No. 30 for 1992 concerning rules and regulations of safety and security for workers at mines and quarries, particularly observing precautions of securing operation places, punching, explosion use, cutting up and sawing of rocks, packing, loading, transport, breaking into pieces, sieving, surface and underground water discharging, illumination, ventilation, tunnel means and underground ambulance and to construct required pillars.

Nine : working at higher levels including different roofs

Article ( 22 ) :-

It is forbidden to employ any person on a roof which may subject that person to fall down due to its sloping, roof nature or weather status, unless required precautions are taken to prevent falling down of people and equipments through protected walls or

28

fastened cornice where its width not less than 40 Centimeter or strongly fastened stairs or climbing planks or providing workers with safety belts and ropes to enable them to tie those belts or ropes up to a fixed point in the building and if that was difficult a certain person should be selected to hold the rope in an safe and steady way.

Working at water surface requires to take necessary procedures and precautions to protect workers from falling into water and Provide workers with protection means, tools and suitable rescue procedures in consistency with work nature.

Ten :reinforced structure and Necessary concrete refills

Article ( 23 ) :-

It must be solid and in a system that permit workers to pass safely and concrete refilling without any vibrations should be under the supervision of direct Architect with full authority to increase pillars or arms to fortify the structure and refills.

Eleven : Diving works, working underwater and navigation

Article ( 24 ) :-

1) All diving tools and equipments should be carefully selected, checked and undergo maintenance before each use to ensure Their safety and compliance with technical specifications and terms of health and safety during diving.

2) Information and Technical brochures on safe practices and safety During diving should be provided to all divers. A copy of these instructions shall be kept at the sites where divers prepare their diving gear and should include notes on diving gear, safe diving, duties and responsibilities of the supervisor and diving team, checking diving equipments and instruments to secure for safety and validity and procedures to be followed in emergency cases.Mention should also be made about communication and seeking assistance in emergencies. Clear mention should also be made of

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dates of maintenance and testing of diving equipments, instruments and oxygen cylinders to check for their safety and validity according to the recommendations of the factory and supplier.

3) The establishment management should hold regular and constant training courses for workers on diving, diving under high pressure, emergency procedures, crisis management, first aid and primary medical by diving experts and specialists in order to better organize underwater jobs according to the diving system in the plan.

4) Diving workers should undergo Regular medical tests to assess their medical condition and physical fitness under high deep water pressure, these medical tests should be undertaken by specialists and experts of deep sea medicine at medical units specialized in this field .

5) The establishment management should provide workers with diving instructions and check for the safety of diving equipments and instruments under high pressure by careful regular inspection, particularly of oxygen cylinders, valves and alarm system prior to diving operations.

6) Workers should Observe safety criteria during underwater welding jobs and relevant technical procedures. equipments and instruments should be checked to make sure that they are free of explosive or flammable gases and that the welding machine and other related electric cables should be fixed to solid ground at the surface.

7) Safety instructions and conditions of transport, storing, handling and testing of explosives should be respected after divers surface from the water.

8) A substitute diver should be permanently available whenever another diver is underwater, constantly monitoring him during diving until the job is fully accomplished and shall intervene in case of emergency.

9) A pressurized room should be available to gradually depressurize divers to permissible levels close to the diving location. The room should be provided with a barometer, individual respiratory masks and double communication system to facilitate communication between members of the diving team and the technical and medical body which monitors the depressurization process .

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10) The diving location and areas where divers work under4 deep water pressure should be provided with tables of surface and deep water pressures.

11) Special records of diving, number of persons involved, date, time, location, type of diving gear, maximum depth and time underwater should be kept for each diver. In case of Emergency the quality of breathing gases and results of regular medical tests should be recorded.

Article ( 25 ) :-

Safety standards, precautions and conditions of workers on board vessels are similar to those of workers in fixed establishments. Vessel owners and shipmasters should comply with the following :

1) Establishing a functional body of occupational health and safety and securing work environment to apply the standards and criteria of occupational health and safety according to national and international legislations in all sections of the vessel.

2) Establishing a committee of occupational health and safety according to the provisions of national laws and taking into consideration the working circumstances at sea.

3) Providing all seafarers of the vessel with safety legislations, criteria and instructions pertaining to their health and safety.

4) Providing first aid and medical care on board as well as emergency medical services in case of accidents and injuries.

5) Accommodation and lodging on board should be consistent with the provisions of national and international legislations. Places for social services, sporting and recreational activities should also be provided.

6) Necessary measures to protect workers against negative, biological, chemical, mechanical and physical risks should be taken, particularly when storing, handling, transporting and dealing with toxic, carcinogenic and radioactive materials in accordance with national legislations and international maritime codes on handling hazardous goods.

7) Observing ergonomic and engineering terms of preventing and mitigating accidents and risks that resulted from new technology such as cranes and equipments that handle and transport goods

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on board of the vessels and train workers on using, operating and maintaining such equipments.

8) Providing fire fighting equipments and early detection of fires and explosions, and training seafarers on extinguishing, rescue and evacuation in emergency cases, according to the nature of the goods on board and in consideration of national legislations and regulations of the international maritime organizations.

9) Warning workers and seafarers on board that against any unauthorized access to wards containing hazardous materials.

10) Providing personal protection tools and hazards prevention equipments according to the nature of jobs in different vessel sections.

11) Providing safety conditions to protect workers on scaffolds and maritime platforms, assembling, dismantling or modification of which should be undertaken under the supervision of trained and responsible staff.

Twelve : explosions use

Article (26 ) :-

The Establishment should observe and comply with terms and regulations on chemicals used as explosives according to the provisions of the Decree of the Minister of interior No. 7330 for 1994 and the decree of Minister of Housing No. 392 for 1964 and its amendments, as follows :

First : safety conditions on prevention of explosions in construction operations :

1) The establishment management should take precautions and procedures on safety relevant to storing, handling, using and preparing explosives in accordance with factory recommendations, safety criteria and precautions.

2) Explosives, related materials and instruments should be stored in standardized warehouses according to the criteria of safety and security of the decree of Minister of Housing No. 392 for 1964

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and its amendments. Detonators and primers should be kept in a separate warehouse.

3) Guiding, warning signs and safety instructions should be posted on the doors of explosive warehouses.

4) Instruction and safety precautions should be strictly adhered during the preparation of explosives and in accordance with technical recommendations of the factory.

5) Electric detonators should never be used close to any source of electric current or static electricity. A careful survey should be done in the storage area of explosives to detect electric outlets.

6) Electric explosives in workplaces should be detonated by using electric circuits according to the factory and supplier recommendations.

7) When detonating with safety primers, consideration should be given to the length and burning rate of primer to allow enough time workers on explosives to reach a safe distance from the location of explosion.

8) Warning signs should be posted at explosion sites and should be understandable and written in clear Arabic language.

9) Safety precautions and criteria of underwater explosives should be observed and should be avoided whenever divers are close to the site of explosion.

Second : Safety precautions for preventing and mitigating explosion hazards resulting from handling, storing and using flammable and explosive materials or machines running by natural gas and petroleum gases :

1) A grounding system and protection from lightning should be established in the areas of using, handling and storing of flammable and explosive chemicals and petroleum compounds with regular and constant maintenance of these systems.

2) All electric installations in areas of using, handling and storing flammable and explosive chemicals and petroleum compounds should be fireproof or non-explosive.

3) Flammable and explosive gases and materials should be promptly disposed through an integrated system of ventilation in furnaces, areas and warehouses containing flammable and explosive materials.

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4) Necessary technical and engineering precautions should be taken to avoid forming an explosive mixture that consists of flammable or explosive air, gases and fumes in the gaps of furnaces of steam boilers and firehouses at ovens which run by natural gas and petroleum gases as a result of incomplete fire or burning inside the furnaces.

5) The establishment management should organize, plan and set up programs of regular preventive maintenance and engineering inspection for warehouses, storerooms and equipments containing flammable or explosive natural and petroleum gases . safety instruments and equipments as well as alarms should be installed and non-traditional checks should be done according to the factory and supplier manual and specifications and recorded in a special record .

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Thirdly : safety conditions to prevent explosions in pressure vessels and steam boilers :

1) The establishment management should comply with using mechanical means to prevent explosions resulting from pressure increases, by using safety valves and foils that decrease pressure inside pressure vessels, steam boilers and large capacity vessels.

2) The establishment management should avoid operating steam boilers and pressure vessels before installing and testing safety and protection instruments and equipment and security valves as well as confirming their safety and compliance with technical and engineering specifications according to the manufacturer's instructions.

3) A regular and preventive maintenance system and engineering inspection should be conducted, based on maintenance programs consistent with vessels and equipment design, service requirements, safety and control instruments, user manual and manufacturer instructions.

4) Potential failures in safety systems should be identified and adequate measures taken, such as installing security valves, pressure reduction, balancing and control breakdowns at pumps, mechanical systems and power sources.

Thirteen: Instrument and appliance hazards

Article ( 27 ):-

1) When using or installing appliances and instruments in workplaces whether for industrial or any other purpose, approved standardized criteria should be respected. Workers should be provided with self-protection tools, suitable for the nature and type of job and warning signs should be placed near the appliances and instruments stating safety instructions against work hazards.

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2) Dynamic parts of motors, transmissions and hazardous machine components, whether static or dynamic, should be surrounded with appropriate protection barriers, unless those appliances were designed to ensure full protection of the workers.

Such barriers should be installed as follows: Barriers should provide enough protection from hazards that they

were meant to avoid. Barriers should prevent workers or any part of his/her body from

reaching the danger spot during their duties. Barriers should be appropriate for the job and avoid bothering

the worker during his/her duty. Barriers should be appropriate for operating the appliance and

instrument and never be a reason of production slowdown. Barriers should allow the lubrication, pressure adjustment, repair

and inspection of the machines. Barriers should require minimal maintenance. Barriers should resist any pressure, stress and collisions at work. Barriers should resist fire and rust. Barriers should be safe (no pointed parts, acute angles, rough

edges or induce an accident). No one should dismantle or install any protection barrier or

protection tools unless the machine has stopped and is reinstalled in its original place before resuming operation.

Necessary maintenance for machines, appliances and instruments should be regularly undertaken by specialized trained technicians in order to guarantee security and safety.

Necessary precautions should be taken to protect workers from the risks of splinters or violent objects according to appropriate safety instructions.

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Fourteen: Transport, lifting and material handling

Article ( 28 ):-

Transport, lifting and material handling should comply with the following:

Appropriate space should be left around machines, appliances and work equipment to allow workers to move freely and avoid hindering performance, adjustments, machine repairs or handling materials during work.

Passages and corridors should be free of gas, unfastened sanitation covers, vertical valves or any other construction that might cause collision or expose anyone to the risk of slipping and should be suitably sized and flat.

Necessary precautions should be taken for workers protection against falling or dropping objects.

Raw materials, equipment, production materials and other working tools should be handled in a safe, sound and suitable way to avoid any potential risks on workers health and safety or work environment.

Fifteen: Elevators & lifting and pulling apparatus

Article ( 29 ):-

Pulling and lifting machines and equipment should comply with the following:

All lifting equipment should comply with the provisions of Law No. 78 for 1975 on electric elevators and its executive regulations.

Lifting equipment, elevators and lifts should be carefully designed and manufactured and undergo technical maintenance and regular checks at the hands of a specialist according to the scheduled maintenance instructions recommended by the manufacturer and recorded in a special log book.

Ascending and descending elevator wells should be surrounded by a solid fence to prevent anyone from jumping over or approaching the elevator movable parts. Elevators should be

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fitted with secure doors that open only when the elevator comes to a complete stop.

The maximum permissible crane load or weight should be posted in a clear place on each crane or lifting equipment. Chains, ropes and pulling wires required for crane operation should be manufactured from top quality materials. The crane should undergo full maintenance at regular intervals and should never work beyond its capacity or hypothetical life time. Cranes should be regularly checked according to the maintenance instructions of the manufacturer and recorded in a special log book.

Maximum safety precautions should be exercised for staff during the checking and maintenance of cranes, elevators and cement mixers.

Any part of ascending or descending loads should be carefully fastened to avoid any risks of accidents.

When moving any part of the lifting equipment on a scaffold, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent any collision with staff on the scaffold.

Weights in constant traffic should be securely kept in a fenced space. If such precautions are not possible, necessary arrangements should be taken to stop the traffic or reroute it temporarily.

Locations, where workers on duty or passersby might be endangered by falling tools or objects from a height exceeding three meters, should be adequately covered unless other effective precautions are taken to prevent such falls.

Sixteen: Cranes and lifting equipment

Article ( 30 ):-

1) Crane components, connections, fasteners and pillars should be quality manufactured from durable and rugged materials, free from manufacturing defects and kept in a good condition. Cranes should be closely checked before operation by a qualified specialist.

2) Necessary precautions should be taken to guarantee that the maximum weight of any lifting apparatus or crane is not

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exceeded and that the lifting apparatus is provided with safety appliances to prevent the possible fall of any hanging weight.

3) Crane operators below eighteen years old or unqualified to operate cranes and lifting equipment cannot be authorized to do so.

4) A specific person should be assigned to coordinate the operation of the crane. If the crane operator has difficulty in monitoring the weight from all its sides, a supervisor or a number of supervisors or workers should stand in a suitable place to follow the crane motion and give necessary signals to the operator when needed.

5) Safe weight and different declination angles of crane arms should be clearly displayed to all workers.

6) Engines, lifting apparatus, transmission, electric cables and other dangerous parts of lifting apparatus should be provided with protective instruments that will prevent removing them while they are operating.

7) Crane cables shall be made of metal wires in order to increase the safety level to six times the maximum permissible weight. When calculating the dimensions of the ropes, the traction stress of the rope shall be taken into consideration.

8) All cables and ropes used in the lifting apparatus should be long enough to allow at least two windings around the cylinder during any operation position.

9) Crane cylinders should be provided with sprockets to prevent any rope slipping outside the cylinder.

10) The crane base should be built from solid and sturdy materials appropriate to its height, position, dimensions and lifting power.

11) Each crane should be tightly fixed by heavy weights to guarantee its instability.

12) If a crane balance requires adding weights to the winch, a chart indicating the balance and size of weight should be put in the operator's cabin.

13) Cranes should be regularly checked and certificates should be issued at each check. Any unchecked crane has to be checked by a specialist and a certificate should be issued indicating details of the checking procedures and specify its safe weight, different declination angles and its maximum angle. Crane checks must be conducted at regular intervals or after each important repairs or changes in the crane.

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14) The safe weight for each declination angle as defined in the most recent certificate should not exceed 80% of the maximum weight permissible for the crane.

Seventeen: warehouse handling and storing

Article ( 31 ):-

Storage jobs should consider the following:

1) Storing of raw materials, instruments, production components or appliances should be in a safe way and special places that complied with approved storing conditions by relevant authorities.

2)Guiding signs should be put in the storing places.

3) harmonization should be observed between stored materials in crowds not more than three meters high and to be put on a wooden bases and the height of crows shouldn't prevent ventilation and illumination and passages between crowds shall be left to reach to it easily and doesn't hinder the plans of fire fighting with a consideration to the safety of storing containers.

4) flammable and explosive materials should be stored in separate places and appropriate precautions to prevent its risks should be taken.

5) Necessary precautions to protect establishment and workers should be stores in separate places during transporting, storing and handling of hazardous chemicals and disposed its wastes without any negative impacts on work and external environment.

6) width of subsidiary passages shouldn't be less than 1,5 meter in main storehouses.

7) Emergency exit at storehouses and at the end of main corridors normally should be provided.

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8) Stored materials at Uncovered warehouses should be covered by liquids and fireproof cloth and should be put on bases higher than the ground by 15 Centimeter.

Eighteen : protection f4om Dynamic Electricity

Article ( 32 ) :-

preventive precautions against the hazards of high voltage should be taken in accordance with necessary engineering provisions whether at power plants , electric converters or electric conduction networks, and the technical specialists only have the right of entering, maintenance and putting warnings of high voltages.

Electric current should be entirely disconnected from network before starting at any installing, repairing and maintenance works with continuation of its disconnection until informing the persons who undertake installing, repairing and maintenance accomplished their tasks.

All electric machines, instruments and appliances should be provided with safe, isolated and appropriate switches to the work nature at its different locations and to be at clear places and easily reachable in case of emergency.

Appropriate current supplements should be utilized when it's possible to assign mistakes at power networks, particularly ( pressure value, current value, current stabilization, direction of capacity streaming, temperature increment ) and those boards of supplements should be locked in a safe way ( by using a lock for example ) and under responsibility of authorized specialists.

Electric wires and cables should be suitable, high efficient and far from any source of heat, humidity, risk of scratching its isolated material and into isolated pipes.

Persons who install, repair and maintain those electric connections, machines and appliances should be high efficient degree of skills and training and installations and repairing works shouldn't be implemented unless be connected with ground and be sure of that there's no current.

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All electric instrument, appliance, wires, cables , switches or connections should be from applicable types according to the local approved standardized specifications and be consistent with conditions and nature of workplaces and the activity is being implemented and considering that switches shouldn't be in places that might include risks of gases and dust and to be sparks resistant.

Isolated grounds that made from Dry wood, isolated rubber or any other suitable isolated material should be utilized and put behind and in front of electric distribution boards and should be consistent with technical standardized specifications.

Regular tests on all electric connections, wires and cables should be observed to prevent any electric slipping and to avoid any sudden risks such as fire or electric shock.

Ground connection should be carefully used for imported instruments and appliances and the local manufactured ones.

Ensuring that the instrument or appliance is connected in a sound, safe and consistent with technical specifications as follows :

Type of electric current and if it's constant or changeable. It's connected at three sides or two or one side. Value of required oscillation. Securing the appropriate electric distributions without putting

any other additions or electric circle to the network with the exception of authorized specialists.

Equipments and instruments shouldn't be passed over electric connections and cables.

Third ChapterProtection from Biological hazards

Article ( 33 ) :-

* The establishment and its branches complies with taking all means of workers' protection from parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria and all biological hazards whenever the work nature exposes workers to be afflicted as follows :

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1) Workers expose to be afflicted by the hazards of utilizing, handling and storing hazardous biological or biochemical materials or dealing with biotechnology , their establishment should comply with making a classification of biological pollutants according to its level of risk and occupational exposure and to make a special record on the methods of protection against biological pollution and infection at work environment.

2) Healthy and organizational procedures should be taken to prevent pregnant workers and women in reproduction to be exposed to any source of infection by hazardous biological pollutants at work environment.

3) Essential healthy requirements on safety of food and beverages should be applied at places of its preparing, making, storing and handling at establishments that utilize and store hazardous biological materials and smoking and food should be entirely forbidden at those places.

4) Approved healthy specification should be adopted to vaccinate workers exposed to biological hazards with vaccines and serums against viral, bacterial and infectious diseases and those hazards resulted from using, storing and handling biological components and remains and wastes processing special places.

5) The establishment management should establish a special system of sterilization, purification and processing of biological and biochemical remains and wastes and dispose them entirely by environmental safe way.

6) The establishment management should take necessary procedures to combat carriers and bearers of diseases and infection ( insects and rodents ) at workplaces where workers can be exposed to biological components and materials and curing them and to dispose from hazardous remains and wastes and it's considered that used materials in combating operations to be consistent with environmental and healthy specifications and to train workers on safe utilization of those materials.

7) Utilities of Public cleaning, showering places and personal cleaning tools ( towels, soap, detergents and ….etc ) should be provided and to be balanced with the establishment workers and suitable to the nature of hazards and pollutants.

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8) Appropriate Protection tools to the work nature and biological and biochemical hazards at work environment should be taken by The establishment and be consistent with specifications of the supplier or manufacturer of those tools.

9) Medical care, rescue and first aid procedures should be provided and consistent with potential hazards and accidents during using, storing and handling biological and biochemical materials and to train workers on using it according to the approved medical specifications in reports of bio-safety and health for each material.

10) Preparing and organizing health and awareness education programs and information dissemination on hazards and procedures of environmental, healthy and bio-safety regarding using, storing and handling biological and bio-materials and components, its processing means and wastes disposing through training, study circles, technical bulletins and putting guiding and identifying labels on biological and bio-safety.

11)The establishment in collaboration with the materials' supplier and manufacturer comply with preparing a document on bio-safety relevant to biological materials and it should include hazards resulted from biological components, materials and definitive compose for each biological material or component and emergency procedures in cases of pollution, pouring, medical care, first aid procedures, exposure to pollution, injuries and wounds as a result of contaminating by bio-materials and systems of storing and handling in addition to special guiding and identifying signs on bio-safety, warning signs, vaccines and serums and systems of processing hazardous remains and wastes.

12) preparing a plan to combat emergency, bio-accidents and train group of workers to undertake and make constant regular tests in order to avoid failures further to raise and develop the skills and efficiency of persons who implement this plan and to provide necessary equipments and appliances.

13) Complying with Technical and engineering conditions on designing of ventilation systems at work environment which

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probably be polluted by biological and bio-materials and components through providing the ventilation system with special filters to prevent diffusion of polluted air with biological components into neighboring workplaces and houses, further to isolate the units that contain biological hazards than other units and prevent workers to enter them unless organizational procedures relevant to bio-safety are taken.

Fourth ChapterProtection from Chemical Hazards

Article ( 34 ):-

The Establishment should provide protection from chemicals through considering the following :

Required precaution should be taken to protect workers from exposure hazards to utilized chemicals or which infiltrate into work atmosphere such as gases, fumes, dusts and what can be found at work environment like liquids, acids and others provided that it doesn't exceed the safe levels at attached tables.

The establishment should comply with permissible quantity of hazardous materials which make the establishment very hazardous according to the attached table.

Occupational health and safety terms should be provided on storing chemicals and its resulted remains while storing operations should consider chemical and physical characteristics, harmony between chemicals, nature and safety of storing containers, precautions of protection against fire explosions and follows the sound means of containers stevedoring.

Employers should put identifying labels, warning signs and hazards codes on all utilized chemicals and should contain chemical and commercial name, chemical classification, acute and chronic resulted chemical hazards and first aid procedures.

The establishment management, employers, chemical suppliers and manufacturers should provide and prepare safety reports of chemicals and include the following information :-

Chemicals identity, components, natural specifications, accompanied hazards ( include toxicity, explosion, fire and etc..),

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potential hazards, protection and relief procedures and measures of unexpected diffusion materials.

Appropriate materials of fire fighting, extinguishing, means of transport, handling and storing, safe methods of wastes and remains' disposing, environmental impact and date of preparing such a document.

Employers comply with making an evaluation for resulted hazards of chemicals utilization at work, monitor and record degrees of its concentration in the air, furthermore employers should comply with workers protection from those hazards by appropriate means as follows :-

a) selecting of chemicals that eradicate or mitigate hazard.b) Selecting of technology that eradicate or mitigate hazard.c) Utilizing of adequate means of engineering control and its

maintenance.d) Adopting work methods and systems that eradicate or mitigate

hazard.e) Adopting adequate measures of health protection.f) Providing personal protection tools and clothes and making sound

maintenance.g) Putting warning signs.h) Adequate preparations for emergency cases.

Article ( 35 )

Inspectors of Ministry of Manpower & Immigration, its bodies of occupational health & safety and securing of work environment, have the full right to be acquainted with commercial, scientific names of chemical raw and adjuvant materials and components that are used at industrial operations in order to update safety levels of health harmful and hazardous materials that are allowed to be at work environment and they have full right to prohibit or restrict utilization of some hazardous chemicals or to stipulate prerequisite notification or license to utilize such materials and if it's justifiable due to reasons relevant to occupational health & safety and securing work environment.

Article ( 36 )

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It's necessary to inform workers ( through written or oral instructions concluded from paper of chemical safety ) of hazards resulted from chemicals utilization at their work, in addition to train them on protection, combating and prevention means from those hazards, including healthy ways of storing, transport and disposing from wastes and remains, further to measures of first aid and emergency procedures.

Article ( 37 )

Competent under-secretary or his/her delegate to decide taking some other required precautions according to work nature at any industry, operation or establishment.

Fifth Chapter Negative Hazards

Article ( 38 )

a)Rescue Tools :-

The establishment and its branches comply with providing equipments and instruments of rescue and relief to be used during emergency and disasters as follows :-

Self respiratory masks in cases of emergency, crisis and entering to narrow places that polluted by high concentrated hazardous and toxic materials.

Tools of illuminating and preparing the emergency exits, corridors, stairs, fire escapes in cases of emergency, disasters and crisis.

Suits of protection from gases, thermal radiation resulted from fires and explosions to be used to enter hazardous places that expose to fire and undertaking extinguishing control or entering

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to close and open safety, operating valves and those suits should be furnished with respiratory tool.

Fire resistant blankets to be used at emergency, disasters and crisis cases that resulted from fire and explosion and it should be consistent with the number of workers at establishment.

Safety and rescue boats, descending tools, safety jackets and belts, disasters and emergency ladders at maritime establishments and vessels and should be specified to work under bad climate and weather conditions and its numbers should be consistent with workers of the establishment.

Wireless communication, alarming and seeking assistance tools that work under all weather conditions.

Article ( 39 ) :

b) Relief Tools :

The employer should provide medical relief tools at workplaces for workers and should be consistent with work nature and number of workers and those tools shall be kept into a box at safe, clear and reachable place.

Article ( 40 ) :

c) Cleaning tools :-

The establishment complies with entirely cleaning of workplace, particularly the grounds should be free from remains, obstacles and sticky materials which cause slippery and all required sanitary utilities should be provided for work use according to the provisions of licenses law, furthermore workers who prepare and cook food stuffs should get medical certificates that prove they are free from infectious and epidemic diseases.

Article ( 41 ) :

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d) organizing and arranging :

Departments, wards, instruments and productive operations should be serial arranged to guarantee production operations without contradiction that affect on work progress or causes work accidents.

Article ( 42 ) :

e) Personal protection tools :-

Required personal protection tools and instruments to hazards type should be provided and to train workers how to use it while the establishment should comply with making regular maintenance in order to be constantly valid to work and should avoid to hinder him of work performance and worker is obliged to use and preserve it.

Tables of Safety levels & standards at work environment

First : The Noise :-

Level of noise stress and permissible exposure period at work environment :

Table No. ( 1 ) :-Level of workers' exposure to the noise stress :

Level of sound pressure by Decibel 90 95 100 105 110 115Permissible exposure period by hours 8 4 2 1 half quarter

Constant exposure to noise for more than 115 Decibel is banned In case of exposure to different levels of noise more than 90

Decibel (a) for intervals during daily working hours, the next equation shall be used to assess levels of exposure :

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a1 + a2 + a3

b1 + b2 + b3

Where : (a) refers to exposure period to a certain noise level.(b) Refers to permissible exposure period at this level.Level of Noise stress shall be considered as over-safe levels if the equation result exceeds one and previous equation might be substituted by calculating equivalent level of noise dose.Table No. ( 2 ) :

Levels of sporadic noise stress that results from using heavy Hammers.

Level of sound pressure by decibel (a) permissible number of knocks at shift

140 100120 1000 120 10000

Level of noise press that resulted from using of heavy hammers

140 Decibel as a maximum, It is forbidden to expose to more than this level.

Period between each knock and another is one second or more and if this period is less than one second, It shall be considered as constant noise and specified levels at table No. (1) shall be applied.

Second : Heat and coldness :

1) permissible levels of heat exposure at work environment.

WBGT Heat Stress

Table No. ( 3 ) :-

Levels of permissible heat exposure by Centigrade.

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work & rest system each hour Type of work CentigradeLight work medium work hard work

constant work 30,00 26,70 25,0075% work – 25% off 30,60 28,00 25,9050% work – 50% off 31,40 29,40 27,9025% work – 75% off 32,20 31,10 30,00

Effective temperatures shall be calculated by centigrade according to Glob black thermometer, wet and dry thermometer to different working conditions by using the following equations :-

Effective temperature ( ET) = 0,7 reading of wet thermometer + 0,2 reading of glob thermometer +0,1 reading of dry thermometer

b)working conditions at covered places or at shadow into uncovered places shall be calculated as follows :-

effective temperature (ET) =0,7 reading of wet thermometer +0,3 reading of glob thermometer

1) Classification of Work burden :Table No. ( 4 ) :

Type of work work classification

Light work undertaking manual light work at machines (stand or sit)Medium work pulling, pushing or walking with light weight Hard work excavation, loading works or ascending with weight

1) sporadic heat exposure that accompanied by rest periods shall be calculated by average of heat exposure as follows :

Average of heat exposure

ET1 x ET2 + ET2 x time 2……ETH x time ( H )Time 1 + time 2 ………….. + time ( H )

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Where :ET1 = effective temperature that calculated during working time (time1).ET2 = effective temperature that calculated during rest periods ( time2 ).

This process shall be repeated until time ( hour ) to each working time and rest ( Time 1 & time ( H ) by minutes ).

*The average within an hour ( 60 Minutes ) shall be calculated according to sporadic exposure periods for hours or during the whole shift ( where Time1 / time2 ……time (H) = 60 Minutes ) and within two hours ( 120 Minutes ) of sporadic exposure periods ( time1/time2….time(H) = 120 Minutes ) the average should avoid to increase than shown levels at table No. ( 4 ).

2) Exposure levels to cold stress :

Exposure standards :

Permissible exposure levels to cold stress have been drawn up to protect all parts of the worker's body with special concentration on hands, feet and head to avoid harms by cold and to stop decreasing of inner heat of the body under 36 Centigrade.

It's obvious that wind cooling and capacity of air cooling are the critical factors of cold inductions, while it's known that the average of air cooling is heat loss from body by watt for every meter square which follows the air heat and wind speed on exposed body, consequently equivalent cooling degree should be used to assess the composed cold effects of wind and low heat on skin, furthermore skin's constant exposure to equivalent cold degree at 32 Centigrade should be banned.

Instructions of Chemical safetyPermissible levels of pollutants and exposures at work environment

Permissible levels are concentration of materials at work atmosphere that workers might expose to it day after day without healthy harms and it's classified into three types :

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1) Permissible levels ( concentration average within 8 hours daily ) :

The average of material concentration at work atmosphere for 7 – hours ( 40 Hours per week ) that a worker can be exposed during his working life without healthy harms.

2) Permissible levels ( exposure level for short period ) :

The concentration where workers can be exposed for short period without clear healthy harms if level of concentration average within 8 hours has not be exceeded and exposure period to that concentration is 15 Minutes constantly and to avoid repeating such exposure at least more than four times a day and at least intervals between each exposure and the following one not less than one hour.

3) Threshold:

Is the concentration that should not be exceeded for a moment.

X sign + skin

Some materials are assimilated through skin, mucous membrane and eyes if they were fumes or through direct touching of material and such assimilation is an effective factor of exposure increment and in those cases ( the skin ) shall be put into remarks table while warning should be made that material measure in the air is insufficient and procedures to avoid assimilation through skin should be taken.

Simple choking fumes and gases :

There are number of fumes and gases have no harmful physiological impacts and non-permissible levels but they replace air and minimize oxygen rate in the air that cause suffocation and the determined factor is the oxygen quantity which should not less than 18 % of volume under normal air pressure.

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It is worthy mentioning that oxygen decrement in an atmosphere does not give enough warning because most of the choking gases are odorless and have explosive hazard.

Non-classified Particles :

That includes less than 1% of crystallized silica and free from asbestos and its average of permissible levels within eight hours are 10 Milligram/M3 for total dust and 3 Milligram for breathed dust.

Cancerous Materials :

Materials have been proportionally classified according to its capacity of causing cancer as follows :

M1 = asserted cancerous materials for human.M2 = semi cancerous materials for humanM3 = cancerous materials for animal.

exposing for cancerous materials should be decreases to minimum. Banned Pesticides and its handling and utilization shall be according

to the decrees of Ministry of agriculture & land reclamation and its import is banned according to the Decree of Minister of supply and commerce No. 55 for 1996.

Calculation methods of mixtures threshold

Added effects :

The following formula shall be used in case of mixtures that compose of materials with similar toxic impacts and not used with mixtures that composed of materials with wide different impacts.

General case :

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The air shall be analyzed by identifying the effect of each component separately ( qualitative & quantitative analysis ) and mixture threshold shall be as follows :

Ma Concentration + Mb concentration + Mc concentration + …..= 1_______________ ______________ _______________Ma threshold Mb threshold Mc threshold

When the result of equation more than one, mixture concentration at air exceeds the maximum, then the mixture threshold shall be calculated by dividing mixture concentration at equation result.

Special Case :

The liquid mixtures that rate of its components are known and is supposed to be evaporated as the rates of its existence at mixture when percentages of the composition are known ( by weight ) of liquid mixture, consequently the threshold of components shall be recorded by milligram/M3 and mixture threshold shall be as follows :

Ma Percentage Mb percentage Mc percentage Mn percentage___________ + ____________ + ___________ + _____________Ma threshold Mb threshold Mc threshold Mn Threshold

The previous concentrations can be changed into one part in a million by following equation on fumes and gases :

Concentration by part in Million = threshold by Milligram/Meter 3x24,45 ________________________________ Molecular weight of material by Gram

In case of threshold of metal dust , the following equation shall be used :

Ma Percentage Mb percentage Mc percentage Mn percentage___________ + ____________ + ___________ + _____________Ma threshold Mb threshold Mc threshold Mn Threshold

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Workers are exposed to cancerous materials from Group M without thresholds, all precautions should be taken to remove all exposures to cancerous material to the utmost least level.

Cancerous materials, its threshold and M2 & M3 materials, the exposure should be minimized to lower than thresholds as possible.

Materials with variable composition :

B1 = disengagement results of tetravalent Fluoro-ethilin material.Heat Disengagement of fluorocarbon chain at air led to oxidized results that contain Carbon, chlorine and oxygen and it can be quantitatively assigned at air as fluoride and it has no threshold up till now but its concentration can be minimized at air to the minimum and its commercial names are ( Gofloun – floun – tyfloun – tetran ).

B2 = welding smokes – total particles ( that are not classified for another reasons – threshold of eight hours average /M3

( welding smokes could not be classified simply where its composition and quantity depends on the ingot which is being welded, on operation and utilized electrodes while the total concentration of particles can be used in case of absence toxic materials at welding stem or covering metal and when such operation doesn't led to toxic gases ).

sampling standards shall be according to the granules volume and to cubature particles, while the determined threshold based on granules volume are classified into three types as follows :

1) Threshold of mass of total particles which shall be assigned to hazardous materials during its precipitation at any part of the respiratory system.

2) Threshold of mass of pectoral particles which shall be assigned to hazardous materials during its precipitation at any part of the trachea and area of gases exchange.

3) Threshold of mass of breathed dust which shall be assigned to hazardous materials at its precipitation in the area of gases exchange and can be measured by 10 Milligram felon silicon and inhalation rate 1.7 Liter/Minute.

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