M ACRO.Atmospheric Neutrinos, MMs,.... M ACRO.Atmospheric Neutrinos, MMs, Introduction 2. Early oscillation analyses 3. Monte Carlos 4. Final oscillation analyses 5. Search for LIV contributions 6. Search for GUT MMs, Nuclearites, 7. Conclusions MACRO: Bari, Bologna, Boston, Caltech, Drexel, Frascati, Gran Sasso, Indiana, LAquila, Lecce, Michigan, Napoli, Pisa, Roma, Texas, Torino. Oujda G. Giacomelli University of Bologna and INFN Caltech, 21 jan 2005, Peck-Fest p, He, Fe 1a. Atmospheric neutrinos E : 1 GeV 300 GeV L:hundred km km L/E : 30 km/GeV 6000 km/GeV Downgoing : near source Upgoing : far source p, He, Fe e e The MACRO experiment 1984 : Proposal 1987 : Construction starts 1989 : First Supermodule ON 4/1994 : Full detector ON12/2000 : Rest In Peace Upstop In down In up Upthroughgoing Absorber Streamer Scintillator 1) 2) 3) 4) DATA SAMPLES (measured) (Bartol96 expected) __________________________ Upthrough(1) In up(2) In down(3)+ Up stop(4) 1984 MACRO Proposal Flux reduction depending on zenith angle for the high energy events From MC: distortion of the angular distribution underground detector Effects of oscillations on upthroughgoing events Earth 2. Early analyses Upthrough only Angular distribution Absolute value (Bartol96 MC) Very early Phys.Lett. B357(1995)481 Early m 2 = eV 2 Phys.Lett. B434(1998)451 Maximal mixing Phys.Lett. B517(2001)59 Lower energy topologies consistent with upthrough { { energy estimate through Multiple Coulomb Scattering of upthroughgoing muons Phys.Lett. B566(2003)35 -After 2001 FLUKA (Honda2001-3) Both 3-dimensional improved interaction models new cosmic ray fit,..... They agree to ~5% But: Predictions of new Honda and FLUKA MCs H.E. 25% low ; L.E. 12% low -Angular distributions of Bartol96, new Honda and FLUKA MCs agree to ~