lymphatic system - cuyamaca college · lymphatic system • lymph is similar to plasma of the blood...
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Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system
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Functions of the lymphatic system
• Production & circulation of lymphocytes• Protection against pathogens
(leukocytes)• Return of ‘fluid’ from the interstitial space
to the rt. atrium of the heart• Aids in absorption/transport of dietary
lipids lipid-soluble vitamins (A,D,K and E)
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Components of the lymphatic system
• Spleen• Thymus• 5 Tonsils• Lymph nodes (distributed all over the body)• Lymphatic vessels• Peyer’s patches• lacteals
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Fig
23.1
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Lymphocytes
• A type of leukocyte• Function in specific immunity• Destroy pathogens• Travel thru the cardiovascular & lymphatic
systems
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Types of lymphocytes
• Three types:– T cells (thymus-dependent)– B (bone marrow derived) cells– NK cells (natural killer)
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T cells
• 80% of the circulating lymphocytes• Directly attack pathogens- Cytotoxic T cells
• Control activity of B cells- Helper T cells Suppressor T cells
• Memory T cells-after the primary infection they are on reserve until the same antigen appears in the body
• Effected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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B cells
• 10-15% of the circulating lymphocytes• Production of antibodies/immunoglobulins• Anti bodies bind to antigens (associated
with a pathogen)
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NK cells
• 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes• Destroy pathogens, infected/cancerous
cells
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Lymphopoiesis• Occurs in bone marrow and thymus
Fig
23.7
bone marrow derived
thymus-dependent
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Lymph
• Lymph is the fluid that circulates thru the lymphatic system
• Lymph is similar to plasma of the blood– Differences are in the ionic and protein
concentrations• Fluid in the cardiovascular system-plasma• Fluid in the lymphatic system is-lymph• Fluid surrounding cells-interstitial fluid
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Lymphatic capillaries
• Absorb:– Interstitial fluid & dissolved solutes– Viruses & bacteria
• Located in most organs the body– (not in the skeletal & central nervous system)
• Lacteal-lymphatic capillaries in the intestines that absorb lipids
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Fig
23.2
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Lymphatic vessels
• They are similar to veins in the:– Layers of the walls (tunics)– Internal valves– Moving lymph to the heart
• Skeletal muscle pump • Thoracoabdominal (respiratory) pump• Internal valves• Contraction of lymphatic vessels
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Fig
23.3
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Major lymph-collecting vessels
• Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct-• Collects lymph from areas inferior to the
diaphragm & the left side superior to the diaphragm
• Right lymphatic duct-• Collects lymph from areas on the right side
superior to the diaphragm
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• Thoracic duct & Right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the subclavian veins
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Fig
23.4
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• Right upper half of the body (right arm, right side of the torso, & right side of the head)
• Tissue (lymph from the interstitial fluid) –lymphatic capillaries-lymphatic vessels-lymph nodes-lymphatic vessels- (the lymph may enter a series of lymph nodes before continuing)—right lymphatic duct-right subclavian vein-----heart
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• Everywhere except the right upper half of the body
• Tissue (lymph from the interstitial fluid) –lymphatic capillaries-lymphatic vessels-lymph nodes-lymphatic vessels- (the lymph may enter a series of lymph nodes before continuing)—cisterna chili (lower limbs)- thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct) lt. subclavian vein-----heart
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• CV capillaries – Net filtration – net absorption = net out flow
• About 2 L/day collected by lymph vessels
re
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Fig
25.2
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Fig
25.15
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edema
Blockage of lymphatic capillaries
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Lymphatic nodules
• Clusters of many lymphocytes within connective tissue
• Lymphatic nodules in the mouth are tonsils• Five tonsils• Lymphatic nodules in the intestinal wall
are Peyer’s patches
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Fig
25.2
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Fig
25.15
Peyer’spatch
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Lymph nodes• Distributed throughout the
body• Located along lymphatic
vessels• Contain a dense packing
of lymphocytes and macrophages
• Makes the lymphatic vessels look like a string of beads
Fig
23.9
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Thymus• Site of T cell
maturation• The blood thymus
barrier prevents premature stimulations of developing T cells
• Most active in infancy• With age undergoes
involution (shrinkage)Fig
23.16
Largest relative to body size at infancy
Absolute largest at puberty
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Spleen
• Between 9th-11th ribs on left side
• Destroys ‘abnormal’blood cells
• Starts immune response of T & B cells to pathogens in the blood
Regions of the spleen
-White pulp-lymphatic nodules
-Red pulp-contains all component of circulating blood
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Lab 14
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Fig
23.1
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Fig
23.4
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Fig
23.8
pair
pair
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Fig
23.16
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Fig
23.17
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Fig
23.9
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