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Network Quality

0901_LV Capacitors.indd b0901_LV Capacitors.indd b 1-12-2006 16:42:161-12-2006 16:42:16

Contents

Network QualityLV CapacitorsPower Factor ControllersLV Active FiltersThird Harmonic Filter

LV Capacitor CLMD ........................................................................................................ 9/2

LV Capacitor LVCS .......................................................................................................... 9/3

LV Capacitor Bank APC ................................................................................................. 9/4

Dynacomp ....................................................................................................................... 9/6

Power Factor Controller RVC ........................................................................................ 9/8

Power Factor Controller RVT ........................................................................................ 9/9

LV Active Filters PQFI, PQFM, PQFK and PQFS .......................................................... 9/10

Third Harmonic Filter THF ............................................................................................. 9/14

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0901_LV Capacitors.indd 10901_LV Capacitors.indd 1 1-12-2006 16:42:341-12-2006 16:42:34

LV Capacitor CLMDTechnical Data

Specifi cations CLMD 13 CLMD 33 CLMD 43, 53, 63 & 83Voltage range From 220 to 1000 V.

Frequency 50 and 60 Hz 50 Hz 50 and 60 Hz

Power range From 2.5 to 18 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

From 17 to 26.8 kvar depending on the voltage.

From 11 to 130 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

Connection 3-phase as standard construction (single-phase on request).

Discharge resistors Permanently connected built-in discharge resistors are sized to ensure safe discharge of the capacitor to less than 50V in 1 minute after a switch off.

Not included. Permanently connected built-in discharge resistors are sized to ensure safe discharge of the capacitor to less than 50V in 1 minute after a switch off.

Terminals three M6 terminals. three cable outputs. with threaded rods M6, 8, 10 or 12 according to the power of the capacitor.

Earth earth connection on the enclosure fi xation.

earth connection on the enclosure fi xation.

a M8 terminal is included under the cover.

Cable input By a knock out : 22.5 mm By a knock out : 37 mm. By a knock out :CLMD43-53 : 37 mm.CLMD63-83 : 47 mm.

Case material Zinc electroplated mild steel.

Colour Beige RAL 7032.

Fixing with two slots, diameter 6.5 mm (suitable fi xing for assembly in module).

with eight fi xation holes, diameter 5.4 mm.

with two slots 26 X 12 mm.

Execution Indoor (outdoor on request).

Protection IP 42 (IP 54 on request).

Maximum ambient temperature Class «D» (+55°C) according to IEC 831.

Minimum ambient temperature Indoor type: -25°C.Outdoor type: -40°C.

Minimum distance between units 20 mm. 20 mm. 50 mm.

Minimum distance between units and wall

20 mm. 20 mm. 50 mm.

Losses (discharge resistors included)

< 0.5 Watt/kvar for 380 V rated voltage and above.

Tolerance on capacitance 0 % + 10 %.

Voltage test Between terminals: 2.15 Un for 10 seconds. Between terminals and earth: 3 kV for 10 seconds.

The acceptable overloads are those specifi ed in IEC 831-1&2

Overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. at intervals.Overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently.Maximum overload: stable operation at 135% of the nominal rating (generated by overvoltages and harmonics).

Important: the installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions, especially when there is a risk of resonance.

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301011B0030

9/21SDC007200C0202


LV Capacitor LVCSTechnical Data

Voltage range 50 Hz: 230, 400, 415, 525 and 690 Vac.

60 Hz: 220, 240, 380, 440, 480 and 600 Vac.

Power range From 5 kvar to 25 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

Connection 3-phase.

Discharge resistors Built-in and sized for discharge of the capacitors to less than 50V in 1 min.Minimum time between disconnection and re-energization: 40 seconds.

Terminals Contactor-type terminals with captive screws (Max. cable size: 35mm2 )

Earth No earth connection needed.

Color RAL 7012 (dark gray).

Weight (unpacked) +/- 2.5 kg / LVCS unit

Fixation M6-through-hole bolts, M6-insertion-hole screws.

Execution Indoor.

Protection IP 20.

Maximum ambient temperature Class D (+55°C).

Minimum ambient temperature -25°C.

Dielectric losses < 0.2 Watt/kvar.

Total losses < 0.5 Watt/kvar (discharge resistors included).

Tolerance on capacitance 0 +10 %.

Voltage testLightning impulse voltage test

Between terminals : 2.15 Un for 10 sec.Between terminals and container: 15 kV.

Acceptable overloads according to IEC 60831 1& 2

Overvoltage tolerance : 10 % max. intermittently.Overcurrent tolerance : 30 % permanently.

Important : The installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions, especially when there is a risk of resonance.

Contactor-type terminals

Built-in safety discharge resistor (<50V in 1 min)Dry type self-healing capacitor winding

Thermo-setting resin

Insulating enclosure

Overpressure sensitive disconnector

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301012A0032.

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LV Capacitor Bank APCTechnical Data

APCL1 APCL2

APCM1

APCM2APCR

APCL2 APCM2 APCR

Specifi cations APCL APCM APCRNominal voltage and frequency 230, 400V - 50Hz

(standard range). 400V - 50Hz (reinforced range rated at 474V).

230, 400V - 50Hz (standard range).240, 480V - 60Hz (standard range).400V - 50Hz (reinforced range rated at 474V).

400, 415, 525, 690V - 50Hz (de-tuned capacitor bank)240, 380, 480, 600V - 60Hz (de-tuned capacitor bank)

Power range APCL1: from 20 to 75 kvar depending on the voltage.APCL2: from 50 to 125 kvar depending on the voltage.

APCM1: from 75 to 200 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.APCM2: from 112.5 to 400 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

From 100 to 300 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

Connection Three phase.

Confi guration APCL1: master unit only.APCL2: master and slave units.

APCM1: master unit only.APCM2: master and slave units.

APCR: master and slave units.

Slave units are not equipped with PF controller but are fi tted with an interconnection cable.

Power factor setting From 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive.

Starting current setting (C/k) From 0.01A to 3A for the RVC controller.

From 0.01A to 3A for the RVC controller. From 0.01A to 5A for the RVT controller (optional)

Operation Automatic or manual setting of the controller with indication of : - the number of active outputs.- the inductive or capacitive power factor.- alarm conditions.- overtemperature.- demand for switching on/off a capacitor step.- voltage, current, THDV and THDI.Threshold setting for protections against overvoltage, undervoltage and THDV.

Losses Dielectric losses: less than 0.2 Watt/kvar. Capacitor total losses: less than 0.5 Watt/kvar (discharge resistors included). Automatic bank total losses at 400V 50Hz:

less than 1.5 Watt/kvar (including accessories losses). less than 5.5 Watt/kvar (including accessories losses).

Capacitors Dry type self healing according to IEC 60831-1&2. Voltage test: 2.15 Un between terminals during 10 sec at rated frequency (above IEC 60831-1&2).Acceptable overloads: - overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. intermittently. - overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently.Temperature range: -25°C / class D according to IEC 60831-1&2.

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LV Capacitor Bank APCTechnical Data

APCL1


APCL2

APCM1

APCM2APCR

APCL2 APCM2 APCR

Specifi cations APCL APCM APCRCapacitors Dry type self healing according to IEC 60831-1&2.

Voltage test: 2.15 Un between terminals during 10 sec at rated frequency (above IEC 60831-1&2).Acceptable overloads: - overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. intermittently. - overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently.Temperature range: -25°C / class D according to IEC 60831-1&2.

Reactors - - Type : dry type resin embedded according to IEC 289, IEC 76Maximal harmonic voltage distortion: U3/U1 = 0.5 % U5/U1 = 6.0 %U7/U1 = 5.0 % U11/U1 = 3.5 %U13/U1 = 3.0 % (not exceeding a THDU of 8 %).

Compliance The automatic capacitor bank complies with EN 61921.

Automatic capacitor bank tests Functional test. Insulation test.

CE Marking CE Marked.

Protection IP23D (closed door). Protected against direct and accidental contact (open door).

Execution Indoor.

Color Beige RAL 7032.

Ambient temperature - 5°C / + 40°C according to EN 61921.

Ventilation Natural for the APCL1. Forced for the APCL2. (temperature-dependent speed control fans).

Forced.(temperature-dependent speed control fans).

Installation - Wall mounting (fi xation brackets included).- Bottom cable entry.

- Floor fi xation.- Equipped with a plinth. - Lifting lugs provided.- Top or bottom cable entry.

Slave units have to be connected to the master unit.

Important notice: The installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions especially when there is a risk of resonance.

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Dynacomp®

Introduction

Dynacomp® vs Electromechanical switching of capacitors

Electromechanical switching of capacitors

Transients at switchingConventional banks with contactors are switched on when reactive power is needed, but the precise instant of switching is variable and not controlled. This has the consequence that the switching of the capacitors results in a big transient. This transient disturbs the net, is dangerous for the contactors and increases the stress on the capacitors. The disturbance created in the voltage waveform could perturb sensitive equipment. This is shown on the fi gure below, where 86 kvar are switched on by contactors. The current reaches 3640 A peak, approximately twelve times the nominal 304 A peak.

The Dynacomp®: the top-class dynamic compensator

Transient free switchingThe Dynacomp®, fi tted with electronic switches instead of contactors, is the perfect choice in applications where transient-free switching is required. It will not cause disturbances to sensitive networks or neighbouring equipment. The fi gure below shows the switching of the same step but with the static switch of the Dynacomp®. The current reaches only 304 A peak, i.e. the nominal value.

Slow response timeElectromechanically switched power factor correction systems are fi tted with discharge resistors. This allows reducing the voltage difference between the capacitors and the network and consequently the magnitude of the transients. Discharging the capacitors takes several seconds and tremendously limits the response time of such system, without suppressing the transients.

Limited lifeContactors have limited lifetimes and need to be replaced frequently. Such systems also require important maintenance efforts.

Fast response timeThe powerful control of the Dynacomp® and its switching concept allows dynamic response times less than 80ms for power factor correction, less than 20ms for voltage drops compensation and instantaneous if an external signal is available.

Long lifeThe transient free switching (with no electric arc, no moving parts) combined with the self healing capacitors used in the Dynacomp® guarantees a very long life of the system without any limitation in the number of switching operations.

Current waveform when switching a conventional bank with contactors (transient)

Current waveform when switching a Dynacomp®

9/61SDC007200C0202



Dynacomp®

Technical Data

Rated voltage From 220 to 690V - 50Hz or 60Hz, three or single-phase.

Output rating Up to 500 kvar per step. The Dynacomp® is a totally tailor-made product adapted to each particular need.

Capacitors Dry type self healing.Design according to IEC 831 1&2.

Controller Type RVT-DMicro-processor based system.Operating temperature: -20°C to 70°C.Current input: 5A or 1A (RMS) (class 1 CT).Network and Dynacomp® measurements.

Standard cubicle Steel sheet.Color: RAL 7032.Protection: IP23.According to EN60439.

Ambient temperature According to IEC831 (-10°C/+40°C).

Measuring system Micro-processor based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks.

Applications

Motor start Harbor crane Welding machine

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Power Factor Controller RVCTechnical Data

Measuring system micro-processor based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks.

Operating voltage 100V to 440V.

Voltage tolerance +/- 10% on nominal voltages.

Frequency rangeMeasuring circuit terminals (L2, L3 and k, I)

50 or 60 Hz +/- 5% (automatic adjustment to network frequency).CAT. III rated

Current input 1A or 5A (RMS).

Current input impedance <0.1 Ohm.

Consumption of the controller 8 VA max.

Output contact rating -max. continuous current: 1.5 A;-max. peak current: 5 A;-max. voltage: 440 Vac;-terminal A is rated for a continuous current of 16 A.

Power Factor setting from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive.

Starting current setting (C/k) 0.01 to 3A.Automatic measurement of C/k

Number of outputs RVC-3: programmable up to 3 outputs. RVC-6: programmable up to 6 outputs.RVC-8: programmable up to 8 outputs. RVC-10: programmable up to 10 outputs. RVC-12: programmable up to 12 outputs.

Switching time between steps programmable from 1s to 999s (independent of reactive load).

Switching sequences User defi ned.

Mode of switching the mode of switching for all the programmable switching sequences is integral, direct, circular or linear.

Saving-function all programmed parameters and modes are saved in a non-volatile memory.

Power outage release quick automatic disconnection in less than 20ms (50Hz) in case of power outage or voltage drop.

Power outage reset delay time 40 s.

Alarm contact - normally open contact;- max. continuous current : 5A;- rated/max. breaking voltage: 250Vac/440Vac.

Operating temperature -10° C to 60° C.

Storage temperature - 30° C to 85° C.

Mounting position vertical panel mounting.

Dimensions 144x144x80 mm (HxWxD).

Weight 0.4 kg (unpacked).

Connector Spring clamp terminal block.

Front plate protection IP40.

Relative humidity maximum 95%, non-condensing.

Other features Overvoltage and undervoltage protectionAuto-adaptation to the phase-rotation of the network and the CT-terminals.Not affected by the harmonics.Working with generative and regenerative loads.LCD contrast automatically compensated with temperature.CE Marked.


9/81SDC007200C0202


Power Factor Controller RVTTechnical Data

Measuring system Micro-processor-based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks.

Supply voltage From 100Vac up to 440Vac.

Consumption 15 VA max.

Connection type for measuring circuit and power supply

Phase-phase or phase-neutral

Voltage tolerance +/- 10% on indicated supply voltages.

Voltage measurement Up to 690Vac or higher with voltage transformer. Accuracy : 1% full scale.

Frequency range 50 or 60 Hz +/- 5% (automatic adjustment to network frequency).

Current input 5A or 1A (RMS) (class1 C.T.).

Current input impedance <0.1 Ohm.

Output contact rating -Max. continuous current: 1.5A (ac) – 0.3A (110V dc).-Max. peak current: 8A.-Max. voltage: 440 Vac.-Terminal A-A are rated for a continuous current of 18A (9A/terminal).

Alarm contact rating (voltage free contact)

- Normally closed contact.- Max. continuous current: 1.5A.- Rated voltage: 250Vac (max. breaking voltage: 440Vac).

Fan contact rating (voltage free contact)

- Normally open contact.- Max. continuous current: 1.5A.- Rated voltage: 250Vac (max. breaking voltage: 440Vac).

Power factor setting From 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive.

Starting current setting (C/k) - 0.01 to 5A.- automatic measurement of C/k.

Switching sequences 1:1:1:1:1:….:1 - 1:2:2:2:2:…..:2 - 1:2:4:4:4:…..:4 - 1:2:4:8:8:….:81:1:2:2:2:….:2 - 1:1:2:4:4:…..:4 - 1:1:2:4:8:…..:8 - 1:2:3:3:3:….:31:2:3:6:6:….:6 - 1:1:2:3:3…...:3 - 1:1:2:3:6…...:6 and any other customer programmable sequence.

Modbus baud rate (*) 110 - 300 - 600 - 1200 - 2400 - 4800 - 6900 - 19200 - 38400 - 57600 (*) for RVT Modbus only

Step confi guration Automatic, fi xed, disabled.

Full graphics display 64 x 132 pixels with extra symbols.

Number of outputs RVT 6: programmable up to 6 outputs. RVT 12: programmable up to 12 outputs.

Switching time between steps Programmable from 1s to 18h.

Saving-function All programmed parameters and modes are saved in a non-volatile memory.

Power outage release Automatic disconnection of all capacitors in case of a power outage longer than 20ms.

Operating temperature -20° C to 70° C.

Storage temperature -30° C to 85° C.

Mounting position Vertical panel mounting.

Dimensions Front plate : 144 x 144 mm (HxW). Overall : 144 x 211 x 67 mm (HxWxD).

Weight 1.0 kg (unpacked).

Connector Cage clamp type (2.5mm2 single core cable).

Front plate protection IP 43 (IP54: on request).

Relative humidity Maximum 95%, non-condensing.

Other features Automatic adaptation to the phase-rotation of the network and the CT-terminals.Insensitivity to harmonics.Working with passive and regenerative loads (four-quadrant operation).LCD contrast automatically compensated with temperature.CE Marked.UL Recognized (fi le n° NKCR2.E163424).CSA certifi ed for use in 120Vac system voltage.


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LV Active Filters PQFI – PQFM – PQFK – PQFS Introduction

Harmonics and Power Quality

Power Quality relates to the amplitude, frequency and distortion of the supply system. While the amplitude and frequency of the supply is largely controlled by the utility, the distortion of the wave (voltage or current) is attributed to the user (of the power) or the loads. Linear loads like an induction motor, an incandescent bulb, resistive heating or a capacitor bank draw a current which follows the wave shape of the supplied voltage (sinusoidal). On the other hand, most of the common loads nowadays are non-linear, like VSDs (Variable Speed Drives), rectifi ers, UPS-systems, computers, TV sets, energy effi cient (fl uorescent) lamps, photocopiers etc. These loads draw a current from the source which does not follow the voltage wave shape and hence introduce distortion.

The distortion is introduced by harmonics generated by the non-linear devices. These harmonics are a growing problem for both electricity suppliers and users.

Harmonics can lead to serious problems:• overheating of cables, motors and

transformers• damage to sensitive equipment• tripping of circuit breakers• blowing of fuses• premature ageing of the installation• capacitor overloading and failures• high current in neutral conductors• excitation of network resonance

Typical VSD supply current

TIME (5ms/div)

Unfi

lter

ed li

ne c

urre

nt (

100A

/div

) 800

0

-8002 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50

Unfi

lter

ed li

ne c

urre

nt

(% fu

ndam

enta

l)

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Harmonic order

The ABB Solution: PQF Power Quality Filter

The ABB Power Quality Filter offers unprecedented ability to clean the network from harmonics. The PQF actively eliminates the harmonics present in the supply system in a controlled way. It is insensitive to large network impedance changes due to change in network topology like paralleling of sources, or switching between mains supply and generator operation.

The PQF monitors the line current in real time and processes the measured harmonics as digital signals in a high-power multi-DSP (Digital Signal Processor) based system. The digital controller

generates Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signals that drive IGBT power modules which through line reactors inject harmonic currents in the network with exactly the opposite phase to the components that are to be fi ltered.

The PQF also offers communication facilities with the customer’s existing communication network. This feature which uses Modbus RTU, allows the PQF to be easily monitored and controlled from a remote location. The Modbus communication feature can be used by means of an RS-232 to RS-485 converter (optional).

Principle of operation

Fundamental only

CT

Load

Harmonicsonly

PQF

Clean feeder current

Load current

Active fi ltercurrent

= +

Harmonics

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LV Active Filters PQFI – PQFM – PQFK – PQFSIntroduction

PQF : The Ultimate Step in Filtering Effi ciency

The PQF offers the perfect solution for harmonic fi ltration. The net effect of a PQF is a clean sine wave due to the elimination of the harmonic content of a distorted current waveform. In other words, the feeding transformer carries a harmonic free current and consequently there is no network pollution introduced by the fi ltered load.

The closed loop control offers an added advantage of accurate fi ltering without any need of special measuring devices. The digital controller gives increased fl exibility and accuracy in fi ltering.

The IGBT based power units of the PQF are optimally designed to suit the requirement for each type of PQF. ABB’s vast fi eld experience with varied load types gives us added advantage for the best possible design of the PQF. Use of optical fi bres

ensures complete electrical isolation between the power and control circuits.

The PQF-Manager allows a wide range of choice for measurement of various network parameters, programming and settings of the PQF.

Our PQF range are designed to meet the limitations on harmonic pollution as per various international guidelines like G 5/4, IEEE 519 etc. The complete range of PQF is CE marked. The complete range of PQF (except PQFS) is UL Listed to U.S. and Canadian safety standards. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifi cations ensure best quality in the manufacturing process.

VSD supply current - Filter running

TIME (5ms/div)

Filt

ered

line

Cur

rent

(10

0A/d

iv)

800

0

-8002 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50

Filt

ered

line

cur

rent

(%

fund

amen

tal)

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Harmonic order

Advantages of the PQF

• Filters up to 20 harmonics simultaneously (15 for PQFK)• Filters up to the 50th harmonic• Harmonic attenuation factor better than 97% • Fulfi lment of International Guidelines like G5/4, IEEE 519, etc• Filters with closed loop control for best accuracy• Is not overloadable• Has a programmable fi ltering strategy and free choice of harmonics selection• Auto-adaptation to network impedance changes• Programmable stand-by and re-start functions • Two sets of compensation parameters for different load type compensation.• Fault and event logging with real time stamp• Direct connection up to 690V• Top or bottom cable entry (bottom cable entry only for PQFS)• Easy commissioning – Auto-detection of CT Polarity and installed phase• May fi lter without generation of reactive power• May generate reactive power and control power factor• May balance the load current across the phases and between phases and neutral (PQFS)• Has programmable task priorities• Does not require detailed network analysis• Does not require special CTs• Is easy to extend on site• Comes factory tested• Optical fi bre isolation between power and control stages• Advanced programmable digital I/O interface• Modbus RTU communication compatible• 3 phase 3/4 wire connectivity (PQFS)• Easy wall mounting design (PQFS)

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LV Active Filters PQFI – PQFM – PQFK – PQFSTechnical Data

Specifi cations PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

RMS current per unit(50 or 60 Hz)

208V≤U≤480V: 250-450 A480V<U≤690V:180 A*-320 A*

208V≤U≤480V: 70-100-130 A480V<U≤690V: 100A*

208V≤U≤415V: 40-70-100 A

208V≤U≤240V: 30-45-60 A380V≤U≤415V: 30-45-60 A

Neutral Current 3 times the line rms current mentioned above.

CT requirement 3 CTs required (class 1.0 or better), 5 Amps secondary rating, fi lter burden: 5 VA.

Modularity Up to 8 units (intermixing of units of both equal and unequal rating is allowed in the same voltage group).

Up to 4 units of equal rating.

Maximum one unit rating difference between the largest and the smallest unit rating in a fi lter system

Physical mounting One unit per panel. Floor standing units Wall mount type, one unit per enclosure.

Tolerance +/- 10% in voltage.+/- 5% in frequency.

Harmonics to fi lter 20 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th order.

15 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th order.

3-wire connection: 20 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th order.4-wire connection: 15 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th order.

Degree of fi ltering Individually programmable per harmonic in absolute terms.

Harmonic attenuation factor (IH (source)/IH (load)

Better than 97% (at rated load).

Reactive Power Power factor programmable from 0.6 (inductive) to 0.6 (capacitive).

Load balancing Programmable load balancing.

Communication Using Modbus RTU. Through RS-232 Port with dedicated software (PQF-Link).

Programming Using PQF-Manager. Using optional PQF-Link software and PC (not provided).

Response time < 0.5 ms instantaneous. 40 ms (10-90% fi ltering).

Active Power < 3% of the device power typically.

9/121SDC007200C0202


For more details, please refer to catalogue No.2GCS304015A0070

LV Active Filters PQFI – PQFM – PQFK – PQFSTechnical Data

Specifi cations PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFSProtection degree IP21 (IP20 open door).

For higher protection degree, please consult us.

IP21 (IP20 open door). IP00 plate execution. For higher protection degree, please consult us.

IP30.

Cubicle dimension (W x D x H) 800 x 600 x 2150 mm. 600 x 600 x 2150 mm. 585 x 310 x 700 mm.

Weight (unpacked) Appr. 620 kg (450A/320A) or 525 kg (250A/180A) per unit.

IP21: appr. 255 kg.IP00: appr. 125 kg.

IP21: appr. 250 kg.IP00: appr. 175 kg.

Appr. 120 kg.

Color RAL 7035 (light gray). Other colors on request.

Installation Floor fi xation, lifting lugs provided, cable entry from bottom.

Floor fi xation, lifting lugs provided, cable entry from top or bottom.

Wall mounting, cable entry from bottom.

Environment Indoor installation in clean environment up to 1000 m altitude (higher altitudes with suitable derating.)

Ambient temperature -5°C to +40°C. (Up to 50°C with suitable derating).

Humidity Maximum 95% RH; non-condensing.

Main options PQF-Link software. Common cable entry cubicle.IP41 protection degree execution (10% derating). Base frame (100 mm).Modbus kit (RS-485 based).Printer kit (RS-232 based).Space heaters.Temperature probes.

PQF-Link software.Cable connection box.Modbus kit (RS-485 based).Printer kit (RS-232 based).Temperature probes.

MCB position status lamps.

Main contactor position status lamps.

Surge arresters

If the nominal system voltage is higher than 600V (U>600V) the current rating of PQFI and PQFM units in this voltage range may be derated automatically depending on the operating temperature.

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The Third Harmonic - a Growing Problem

Today's electrical networks and plants are under much more stress than a decade ago. One reason for this is the increasing use of electric equipment that generate harmonics: in particular the third harmonic. This harmonic can generate exceptionally high neutral currents which can often exceed even the phase current.

Equipment that generate harmonics: • Fluorescent lighting systems • Computers • Welding equipment • UPS • Rectifi ers • TV monitors • Microwave ovens

The Third Harmonic Causes Many Problems

Problems are directly related to the harmonic content. The third harmonic found in the phase current appears neutral thus increasing the neutral current. See illustration above.

In network:

• Overheating • Increased power losses • Poor quality of electricity • Electromagnetic fi elds • Malfunctions in earth fault control • Failure in remote control systems

In plants:

• Malfunction in electronics • Damage to capacitors • Power losses • Increased magnetic fi elds • Overload in neutral conductor • Cable fi res • Abnormal temperature changes and noise in transformers • Nuisance tripping in circuit-breakers • Shorter life time

The third harmonics are accumulated

in the neutral conductor.

Third harmonic fi lterGeneral

9/141SDC007200C0202

0902_THF.indd 140902_THF.indd 14 13-11-2006 8:46:1713-11-2006 8:46:17

THFpatented

application

The Solution- The Third Harmonic Filter THFstar

The third harmonic fi lter THFstar removes the third harmonic current from the network. The third harmonic currents generated by the single phase loads fl owing in the phase conductors sum up in the neutral conductor. The neutral current may be higher than the phase current.

The THF fi lter mitigates the third harmonic current from the whole network from the luminances to the distribution panel, main switchboard up to the supply transformers medium voltage winding. The mitigation effect is the same both at the line and load side. The fi ltering application is patented.

Example on how Third Harmonic Filter THF

effects on third harmonic currents.

Benefi ts of THF for lighting and mixed load

Increased effi ciency in low voltage network • Reduction in transmission losses • Increased loadability of the existing network and switchboards • Lower temperature of cables, switchboards and transformers • Elimination of third harmonic current in neutral and phase conductor

Increased effi ciency in lighting appliance and pc-load • Less power or more lighting • Less maintenance • Longer lifetime of the lamps and capacitors

Reduced Magnetic fi elds • The reduction of third harmonic component of the current reduces the total magnetic fi eld • Diagram indicating an example of the total magnetic fi eld spectrum typically in various locations

Without THF With THF

Diagram indicating the level of magnetic fi eld with and without Third Harmonic Filter, Hospital building.

Transformer

Transformer

Load

Load

Third harmonic fi lterThe solution

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L1 L2 L3THF

S01

544A

N(PEN)

L1 L2 L3THF

S01

545A

N

PE

Third harmonic fi lters THFstar and THF

The size of the THF-fi lters is selected according to the supply transformer or back up fuses. The protection unit needs to be used, in case the dimensioning exceeds the thermal rating of the fi lter.

The basis of dimensioning is that the fi lter withstands the 150Hz voltage and the fundamental neutral current generated by the phase unbalance.

The THFstar fi lters are tested according to the highest possible short circuit current or back up fuse.

Third harmonic fi lterSelection and dimensioning

Installation to the transformer star point, enclosed fi lters and system components,THFstar The new generation third harmonic fi lter THFstar is designed for small size and economical solutions to places, which are especially exposed by third harmonic currents. The fi lter can be installed outdoor in vicinity of transformer stations, as retrofi tting to existing transformer station or as additional fi eld of main switchboard. It is recommended to install the fi lter THFstar in PEN-conductor, whenever possible, equipped with appropriate protection unit THF1S_ .

DIMENSIONING: According to the supply transformerPROTECTION: Protection unit THFS1_S, 50Hz and 150 Hz measurement according to the mounting instruction

Installation for distribution boards in TN-S-system, enclosed fi lter and system components, THF THF fi lters are designed in TN-S-systems to provide selective mitigation of isolated groups with local or central compensation. The THF is normally installed in the load side neutral output of UPS-devise. THF is dimensioned according to the group fuses. In case the dimensioning is below 100% it is recommended to use additional protection unit. The fi lter types THF 25...160NV include guard units to keep track of the PE-current in the area of 4...10 A.

DIMENSIONING: According to the group fuse- rated current = rated current of the fuse linkPROTECTION: Guard unit (_V), 150Hz measurement from PE-conductor of the group

Network Rated current Enclosed Units System Cross-section Internal of the components Input-Output connection toTN-S group fuse Indoor IP30 IP 00 cable the fi lter A mm2 mm2

25 THF25NV THF63NB 6 63 THF63NV THF63NB 16 125 THF125NV THF63NB x 2 35 160 THF160NV THF63NB x 3 50 250 THF125NLV + THF125N THF63NB x 4 95 35Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB

L1 L2 L3THF

S0

15

44

A

N(PEN)

Network Rated current Transformer Enclosed Units System Input-Output Internal of the size components cable/ busbar connection toTN-C, TN-S transformer kVA Indoor Outdoor IP 00 the fi lter A IP30 IP34

8001) 630 THFS500US1 THFS400A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 900 630 THFS630S1 THFS630U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor THFS630A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 1250 1000 THFS1000S1 THFS1000U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor THFS1000A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 2500 1600 THFS1600S1 THFS1600U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor 3200 2000 THFS1600S1x2 THFS1600U1x2 THFS630A1x2 Acc. to phase 33% of phase conductors conductor

Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB

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THF

Strömberg

Test

Aut

OK

ByPassTest

Reset

R

S01

536A

MNS

NOI

OO

FF

FILTER BYBASS

S01

552A

Enclosed third harmonic fi lters THFstarInstallation to transformer star point. The delivery includes protection unit, by-pass contactor and switch as well as the overload proof current transformer.

Third harmonic fi lterTHFstar, THFOrdering details

Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type No. Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar [kg]

500 800 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 500US11) 300630 900 654 x 654 x 2260 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 630S1 400 (max 4 cables)1000 1450 654 x 654 x 2260 4 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 1000S1 520 (max 6 cables)1600 2300 840 x 654 x 2260 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600S1 650 6 x 150 mmm2 Cu

Outdoor use IP 34. Includes base element, cabling from bottom

Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type No. Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar [kg]

630 900 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 630U1 310 (max 4 cables)1000 1450 1050 x 720 x 1200 4 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 1000U1 450 (max 6 cables)1600 2300 1050 x 720 x 1200 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600U1 550 6 x 150 mmm2 CuTHFS_U1

THF 63NV

Example on 1600kVA fi lter joints

THFS_S1

Indoor use IP 30. Cabling from bottom or top

1) Cabling from bottom

Group Connection Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse cable (Cu) (LxSxK) degree Code [A] [mm2 ] [mm] [kg]

Third harmonic fi lters including guard unit and by-pass contactor Current transformer of the relay, cable diameter max. 27 mm, is included in the delivery.25 6 250x180x400 IP 30 THF 25NV 1SCA022388R0700 1963 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63NV 1SCA022374R8260 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125NV 1SCA022374R8340 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NLV 1SCA022378R6190 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160NV 1SCA022374R8420 110

Third harmonic fi lters without guard unit and by-pass contactorCan be used parallel with NV- and NLV- types. 63 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63N 1SCA022325R0860 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125N 1SCA022325R1080 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NL 1SCA022358R9010 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160N 1SCA022325R1240 110

Enclosed third harmonic fi lters THFInstallation to TN-S-system. Filter suitable for voltage 690V. Steel sheet enclosure.

NOTE: THF 125 NL include space for parallel connection of several fi lters.

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H

BD

Third harmonic fi lter components THFstar for switchgear mountingComponents for installation to transformer star point.

THFS_

Transformer size Dimensions Dimensions Type Order Weight[kVA] [A] Narrow combination Flat combination Code B x D x H [mm] B x D x H [mm] [kg]

630 900 400 x 500 x 350 800 x 350x 350 THFS 400A1 1601000 1410 400 x 500 x 500 800 x 350x 500 THFS 630A1 2251600 2250 400 x 500 x 700 800 x 350x 700 THFS 1000A1 3002000 2800 400 x 500 x 500x2 800 x 350x 500x2 THFS 630A1x2 225x2

Indoor use IP 00. Cabling from bottom or top

230V~ 50/60Hz

S01

601A

TF63NB

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

A1 A

2

18 171 2A

B

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

8

64

2

10

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

8

64

2

10

S00

978A

THF

Strömberg Test

OKByPass

Test

RReset

0

12090

6030

50/60Hz Error

50/60Hz150/180Hz Error

150/180Hz

Aut

o

S00

977A

THF1BSMNS

THF1BS

THF1S

A1 A2

18 17

1 2

A B

A1 A2

18 17

1 2

A B

A1 A2

18 17

1 2

A B230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

864

210

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

0

864

210

S01

602A

Protection unit Back up Terminals Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse [mm2] / B x D x H degree Code Cu [mm] [kg]

Open type 10A 2.5 350 x 150 x 190 IP00 THF1BS 1SCA022457R7560 4.6 400 x 150 x 100 THF1BSMNS 1SCA022437R8010 4.6

Enclosed 10A 2.5 350 x 150 x 400 IP44 THF1S 1SCA022468R9360 15(Sheet steel)

63 350 x145 x 415 THF 63NB 28

Other system componentsTransformer size Rated current Transformer1) By-pass contactor By-pass switch kVA In/A/400V

315 440 KORE06F1 250/1THF A145 OETL200K3400 560 KORE06F1 250/1THF A210 OETL200K3500 700 KORE06F1 300/1THF A210 OETL315K3630 900 KORE06F1 400/1THF A210 OETL400K3800 1130 KORE06F1 500/1THF A300 OETL400K31000 1410 KORE06F1 750/1THF AF400 OETL630K31250 1700 KORE06F1 1000/1 AF580 OETL630K3 1600 2250 KORE06F1 1250/1 AF580 OETL800K32000 2820 KORE06F1 1500/1 AF750 OETL1000K3

Components for installation to TNS-system

1) Overloading capable construction

Third harmonic fi lterTHFstar and THF componentsOrdering details

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MNS

NOI

OO

FF

FILTER BYBASS

S01

552A

Third harmonic fi lterTHFstar

Example

Check THFstar fi lters

Type: THFS 1600 S1Rated voltage: 400VDimensioning according to the transformer size:1600 kVARemoves the third harmonic current from the phase and neutral conductorDimensioning current/ Max continuous current: 2250A/ 800ADimensioning voltage: 40V 150Hz The fi lter allows subsequent increasing of the harmonic load without retrofi ttingShort circuit dimensioning according to max. available short circuitThe fi lter is stand along type and not infl uencing on the power factor compensationThe fi lter is not infl uencing on carrier- wave-line.Main incoming breaker: Max. time delay: 0,2 s Terminations: Max six cables of 300mm2

The fi lter is equipped with by-pass switch for commisoning

Stand along enclosure: • indoor use IP30 • outdoor use IP34Accommodation: • In the vicinity of transformer station • Retrofi tting to the transformer station • In the main switchboard

THF increases the effi ciency and lifetime of lighting systems. The THFstar removes typically 95% of the third harmonic current from the whole network from line and load side independent of the magnitude of the third harmonic current. For example the neutral current reduces from 450A down to 25A and in the phase conductors from 150A to 10A. The same mitigation prevails in the whole network from the transformer windings to the lamps and computers.The magnetic fi eld from the construction and earthing wiring reduces typically by 50% due to mitigation of the vagabonding currents ( 50% of magnetic fi eld usually of 150 Hz origin).

The iron, copper and resistance losses reduce the temperature and noise level of the supply transformer doubling the lifetime of the transformer by every 8 degrees C.The fi lter reduces the resistance losses (I2R) For example:Before: (450A)2 x 0,1 W = 2025 WFilter installed: (25A)2 x 0,1 W = 62,5 WThe fi lter include protection unit, which limit the 50Hz unbalance current and 150Hz fault curre

Installation and commissioning:The installation of THFstar is in theory easy but in practice certain points have to be checked :

• Ensure by measurement that there is no parallel current path to the fi lter • Check up also the possible infl uence of parallel transformers or generators • Ensure that the fi lter is installed in the right location. The neutral conductor from the star point of the transformer is the recommended place. • Check up that the current measurement is right. The CT shall always measure the sum of all neutral and earth currents of the network. • Check up the relay setting of the protection unit. • Read mounting instruction 34THF1S • Check that there is no largely dimmer loads.

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Transformer

L1 L2 L3 N PE

NL1L2L3

Earthingelectrode

Concrete ironfitting

Water meter

Main switchboard

X

Main earthing busbar

X

-S

THFSS

0154

1B

Transformer

L1 L2 L3 PEN

Main switchboard

L1 L2 L3 N PE

L1L2L3PE

N

-S

-V

Earthing electrode

Concreteiron fitting

Water meter

Distribution switchboard

Main earthing busbar

-V

L1L2L3

N

-S

Earthing busbarof transformer station

THF

THFS/THF

THFS

Distribution swtichboard

1)

S01

543B

L1L2 L3 N PE

Main switchboard

L1 L2 L3 N PE

L1L2L3PE

N

-S

-V-V

L1L2L3

N

-S

S01

542B

THF1)

THFS/THF

THFS

Transformer

Earthing electrode

Concreteiron fitting

Water meter

Distribution switchboard

Main earthing busbarEarthing busbarof transformer station Distribution swtichboard

S01

549A PE

N THFS

TN-C-S systemAlternative installation examples when using THFstar

with protection unit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).

TN-S systemAlternative installation example when using THFstar with protection unit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).

TN-S-system, where the original cabling to the transformer star point need to be displaced to fundamentally same position in the N-conductor of the main switchboard.THFstar installation.

1) In this installation model, the current transformer need to measure both N- and PE-current, unless additional guard unit is used.

Third harmonic fi lterTHFstar

Installation examples

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lv capacitors

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