lutz ribbe warsaw, 2.3.2011 the eesc and the cap reform 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Lutz Ribbe
Warsaw, 2.3.2011
The EESC and the CAP reform 2014
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EU Agri commissar MacSharry 1992
• we destroy farms/ jobs and the environment with the billion we spend
• 20% of farmer receive 80% of all payments• a need for new objectives:
– to motivate farmers to stay in the sector, to save the environment, to develop rural areas
– All instruments should be linked to these goals
result: 5% der Mittel in „flankierende Maßnahmen“ heute: 20% der Bauern erhalten 85% der Zahlungen
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Objectives and Instruments of the CAP
• For what or for whom the CAP is created for?
• Before speaking about instruments, we should speak about the objectives
• Instuments: not just spending money
„market stabilization“!!!
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EESC: What do we want, and: what does CAP wants?
Farming Farming industrial oindustrial orientation
Agri“culture“Agri“culture“multifunctional orientation
Main goal: to compete on the world market
to implement the Europ. agriculture modal
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„farming/ cost leadership “
=> traditional CAP
– role of farmer: to produce row material in the most cheapest way
– become more and more productive– rationalize, intensification of production– squeeze out soil, plants, animals …– … and the farmer himself
– grow or go ( “structural change”)
Food industry is asking: do we need farmer?
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aus: Der Spiegel 43/2000
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Grafik: Der Spiegel (2000)
Geplanter „Deltapark“ im Hafen von Rotterdam
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Bodenerosion auf Ackerstandorten
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Keine Daten vorhanden
< 10
10 – 40
40 – 80
80 – 120
120 – 170
> 170
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Folgen französischer Viehwirtschaft„Tödliche Algen“
Die Grünalgen sind zur Plage geworden und müssen aufwändig entsorgt werden. Foto: ap
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Biodiversität
• „Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) ist das politische Instrument, das sich am stärksten auf die biologische Vielfalt im ländlichen Raum auswirkt...“
KOM(2010) 548, S. 5
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28
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… until 2014
existing CAP will distroy about …
2 million fulltime jobs EU (15) 1 to 2 million fulltime jobs in EU (10) another 1 to bis 2 million fulltime jobs in Bulgaria and
Romania
Zu diesen Zahlen müssen noch rund 5 Millionen verdeckte Erwerbslose in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben hinzugezählt werden.“
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Just some of the negative consequences
– loss of biodiversity– water pollution– climate questions– animal welfare (mass production 80.000 pigs?)– problems in rural areas– quality of our food (what is quality? EU defintion?)– …..– …..
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#2: multifuncional Agri“culture“
Competitiveness by:
– diversification (not just row material)– more ecological friendly production (“public
goods“)– higher quality (not only organic farming)– Regional and local market (Ciolos)
2nd pillar
the „european agriculture modal“
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Brandenburg
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Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg
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Podlassien, Polen
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Narew, Polen
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Vogesen, Frankreich
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Berechnung Prof. Heissenhuber
250 €/ ha
150 €/ ha
Kosten ausgewählter Landschaftsbilder
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44
European Agriculture Modal
• EESC (and many ngo`s) is promoting a “sustainable agriculture”, which is taking into account…
– environmental questions (biodiv, climate, water, soil, …)
– consumer, animal welfare, regional …. interests
– social criteria's (within EU and outside!)
– millennium goals (hunger/ 3rd world aspects)
– countryside and landscape aspects agri”culture”
EU on the path to the Europ. Agriculture M
odal?
EESC: NO!!!!
Agroindustry
No chance under world
market conditions
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CAP reform beyond 2013
• Communication of the Commission published 18.11.10
• Ciolos: CAP must become more fair and more green
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Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes
20%
SAPARD1%
Direktbeihilfen63%
Audit der Agrarausgaben1%
Marktbezogene Maßnahmen
15%
EU agriculture budget 2006 (EU25)
Total 54.771,9 Mio. €
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two pillar of CAp
1. pillar
Direct paymentsmarket regulations
ca. 40 Mrd €/a
2. pillar: Rural development
ca. 12 Mrd €/a
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1. pillar CAP
Direct payments and market regulations:
– until 1992: price guarantees– 1992 – 2003: price compensation– since 2003: decoupled payments
– decoupled? – for what taxpayers money is spend?
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is the existing system unfair?
Ciolos: a more fair system?
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direct payments per ha EU(27)
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direct payments EU (27) 2009
farms payments
numbers in % in Mio € in %
less than 5.000 € 6.415,210 81,5% 5.791,4 € 14,8%
5.000 - 20.000 € 974.590 12,4% 9.937,2 € 25,4%
20.000 - 100.000 € 447.900 5,7% 17.191,7 € 43,9%
<100.000 € 30.870 0,4% 6.196,6 € 15,8%
Summe 7.868,570 100,0% 39.116,9 € 100,0%
Quelle: EU Finanzstatistik
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direct payments in Poland 2006
Farms in Pl Payments in Pl
number in % in Mio € in %
Less than 1.250 € 1.367.030 93,3% 465,63 € 57,7%
1.250 - 5.000 € 88.140 6,0% 178,43 € 22,1%
5.000 - 20.000 € 7.510 0,5% 67,19 € 8,3%
20.000 - 100.000 € 1.960 0,1% 72,52 € 9,0%
More than 100.000 € 140 0,0% 23,26 € 2,9%
Summe 1.464.970 100,0% 807,02 € 100,0%
Quelle: EU Finanzstatistik
> 20“ = 45.600 €, < 1.250“ = 340 €
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direct payments in Germany 2009
Farms in D payments in D
Number in % in Mio € in %
Less than 5.000 € 179.552 49,7% 279,19 € 4,8%
5.000 - 20.000 € 107.580 29,8% 1.174,88 € 20,4%
20.000 - 100.000 € 67.930 18,8% 2.545,94 € 44,2%
<100.000 € 6.324 1,7% 1.760,88 € 30,6%
Summe 361.386 100,0% 5.760,89 € 100,0%
Quelle: BMELV Finanzstatistik
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Direktzahlungen und Einkommen
EU-Direktzahlungen je AK in Haupterwerbsbetrieben nach Bundesland
BMELV-Testbetriebsnetz 2006/07
26.942 €
5.148 €
24.818 €
6.979 €
- €
5.000 €
10.000 €
15.000 €
20.000 €
25.000 €
30.000 €
BW BY BB HE MV NI NW RP SA ST SL SH TH
€/A
K
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2nd pillar of CAP
Rural development
Axis 1: Investments in farms
Axis 2: promotion of environment friendly land-use systemNature conservation/ Natura 2000 etc.
Achse 3: rural development
+ LEADER
money for clearly defined projects
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Anteil der 2. Säule an den EU-Agrarausgaben(Vollzug 2005)
Agricultural expenditures (total)
EAGGF Guarantee
(05 04)EAGGF
GuidanceTotal Rural
Development in %
Austria 1.256,30 € 479,10 € 20,60 € 499,70 € 39,8%
Belgium 1.042,60 € 56,10 € 8,10 € 64,20 € 6,2%
Cyprus 58,80 € 25,10 € 0,00 € 25,10 € 42,7%
Czec 519,40 € 182,00 € 55,60 € 237,60 € 45,7%
Denmark 1.228,00 € 46,20 € 3,10 € 49,30 € 4,0%
Estonia 96,00 € 50,40 € 18,60 € 69,00 € 71,9%
EU (25) 52.628,70 € 6.845,80 € 3.959,50 € 10.805,30 € 20,5%Finland 947,50 € 336,90 € 44,60 € 381,50 € 40,3%
France 10.106,00 € 879,50 € 137,10 € 1.016,60 € 10,1%
Germany 7.014,40 € 803,80 € 511,30 € 1.315,10 € 18,7%
Greece 3.275,90 € 157,30 € 521,90 € 679,20 € 20,7%
Hungary 821,20 € 201,90 € 104,40 € 306,30 € 37,3%
Ireland 1.827,10 € 357,50 € 20,90 € 378,40 € 20,7%
Italy 6.080,10 € 679,80 € 580,40 € 1.260,20 € 20,7%
Latvia 170,50 € 110,00 € 33,00 € 143,00 € 83,9%
Lithuania 333,00 € 164,10 € 41,80 € 205,90 € 61,8%
Luxemburg 45,40 € 16,00 € 0,40 € 16,40 € 36,1%
Malta 11,30 € 9,00 € 1,40 € 10,40 € 92,0%
Netherlands 1.273,80 € 63,50 € 17,50 € 81,00 € 6,4%
Poland 2.237,20 € 961,00 € 398,20 € 1.359,20 € 60,8%
Portugal 1.232,40 € 178,90 € 341,40 € 520,30 € 42,2%
Slovakia 308,00 € 133,10 € 60,50 € 193,60 € 62,9%
Slovenia 135,20 € 94,40 € 7,90 € 102,30 € 75,7%
Spain 7.341,70 € 533,90 € 935,20 € 1.469,10 € 20,0%
Sweden 981,20 € 170,70 € 24,90 € 195,60 € 19,9%
UK 4.285,70 € 155,60 € 70,70 € 226,30 € 5,3%
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Share of Rural Development on all agriculture expenditures in the EU25 (implementation 2005)
Agricultural expenditures
(total)
EAGGF Guarantee
(05 04)EAGGF
GuidanceTotal Rural
Development in %
Austria 1.256,30 € 479,10 € 20,60 € 499,70 € 39,8%
Belgium 1.042,60 € 56,10 € 8,10 € 64,20 € 6,2%Cyprus 58,80 € 25,10 € 0,00 € 25,10 € 42,7%
Czec 519,40 € 182,00 € 55,60 € 237,60 € 45,7%
Denmark 1.228,00 € 46,20 € 3,10 € 49,30 € 4,0%
Estonia 96,00 € 50,40 € 18,60 € 69,00 € 71,9%
EU (25) 52.628,70 € 6.845,80 € 3.959,50 € 10.805,30 € 20,5%Finland 947,50 € 336,90 € 44,60 € 381,50 € 40,3%
France 10.106,00 € 879,50 € 137,10 € 1.016,60 € 10,1%
Germany 7.014,40 € 803,80 € 511,30 € 1.315,10 € 18,7%
Greece 3.275,90 € 157,30 € 521,90 € 679,20 € 20,7%
Hungary 821,20 € 201,90 € 104,40 € 306,30 € 37,3%
Ireland 1.827,10 € 357,50 € 20,90 € 378,40 € 20,7%
Italy 6.080,10 € 679,80 € 580,40 € 1.260,20 € 20,7%
Latvia 170,50 € 110,00 € 33,00 € 143,00 € 83,9%
Lithuania 333,00 € 164,10 € 41,80 € 205,90 € 61,8%
Luxemburg 45,40 € 16,00 € 0,40 € 16,40 € 36,1%
Malta 11,30 € 9,00 € 1,40 € 10,40 € 92,0%Netherlands 1.273,80 € 63,50 € 17,50 € 81,00 € 6,4%
Poland 2.237,20 € 961,00 € 398,20 € 1.359,20 € 60,8%
Portugal 1.232,40 € 178,90 € 341,40 € 520,30 € 42,2%
Slovakia 308,00 € 133,10 € 60,50 € 193,60 € 62,9%
Slovenia 135,20 € 94,40 € 7,90 € 102,30 € 75,7%
Spain 7.341,70 € 533,90 € 935,20 € 1.469,10 € 20,0%
Sweden 981,20 € 170,70 € 24,90 € 195,60 € 19,9%
UK 4.285,70 € 155,60 € 70,70 € 226,30 € 5,3%
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Share of Rural Development on all agriculture expenditures in the EU25 (implementation 2005)
Agricultural expenditures
(total)
EAGGF Guarantee
(05 04)EAGGF
GuidanceTotal Rural
Development in %
Austria 1.256,30 € 479,10 € 20,60 € 499,70 € 39,8%
Belgium 1.042,60 € 56,10 € 8,10 € 64,20 € 6,2%
Cyprus 58,80 € 25,10 € 0,00 € 25,10 € 42,7%
Czec 519,40 € 182,00 € 55,60 € 237,60 € 45,7%
Denmark 1.228,00 € 46,20 € 3,10 € 49,30 € 4,0%
Estonia 96,00 € 50,40 € 18,60 € 69,00 € 71,9%
EU (25) 52.628,70 € 6.845,80 € 3.959,50 € 10.805,30 € 20,5%Finland 947,50 € 336,90 € 44,60 € 381,50 € 40,3%
France 10.106,00 € 879,50 € 137,10 € 1.016,60 € 10,1%
Germany 7.014,40 € 803,80 € 511,30 € 1.315,10 € 18,7%
Greece 3.275,90 € 157,30 € 521,90 € 679,20 € 20,7%
Hungary 821,20 € 201,90 € 104,40 € 306,30 € 37,3%
Ireland 1.827,10 € 357,50 € 20,90 € 378,40 € 20,7%
Italy 6.080,10 € 679,80 € 580,40 € 1.260,20 € 20,7%
Latvia 170,50 € 110,00 € 33,00 € 143,00 € 83,9%
Lithuania 333,00 € 164,10 € 41,80 € 205,90 € 61,8%
Luxemburg 45,40 € 16,00 € 0,40 € 16,40 € 36,1%
Malta 11,30 € 9,00 € 1,40 € 10,40 € 92,0%
Netherlands 1.273,80 € 63,50 € 17,50 € 81,00 € 6,4%
Poland 2.237,20 € 961,00 € 398,20 € 1.359,20 € 60,8%
Portugal 1.232,40 € 178,90 € 341,40 € 520,30 € 42,2%
Slovakia 308,00 € 133,10 € 60,50 € 193,60 € 62,9%
Slovenia 135,20 € 94,40 € 7,90 € 102,30 € 75,7%
Spain 7.341,70 € 533,90 € 935,20 € 1.469,10 € 20,0%
Sweden 981,20 € 170,70 € 24,90 € 195,60 € 19,9%
UK 4.285,70 € 155,60 € 70,70 € 226,30 € 5,3%
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2. Säule in der EU (27)
• EU Durchschnitt: knapp 20% aller EU-Agrarmittel
• in GB, DK, Belgien, Niederlande:
unter 5% der EU-Agrarmittel
• in Deutschland 21%
• in Österreich, Portugal, Finnland:
über 40%
• in Estland, Lettland, Slowenien, Malta:
über 70 %
jeweils zzgl. nationale Kofinanzierung
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jobs in rural areas
Müller-Milch in Leppersdorf (Sachsen)70 Mio € Zuschuss
für die Vernichtung von rund 50 Arbeitsplätzen
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64
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EESC opinion on CAP reform
1. agreement on objectives/ goals of CAP2. instruments, when agreement exist3. CAP is much more than spending money:
– Milk and concentration of animal production: the `free market` does not solve all problems „Stabilisation of markets; where are the instruments?
4. world market, regional market rural development/ 2nd pillar, bottom up
5. a clear „yes“ to direct payments, but: good legitimation („public money for public goods“), link to jobs and environment
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EESC opinion on CAP reform
6. greening 1st pillar
7. concentration on active farmers
8. capping of payments
9. no historical payments anymore
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… neue Wege gehen!