lung cancer widyaningsih .ppt
TRANSCRIPT
By Holly Winn and Cathy Mac Donald
LUNG CANCERBy Widiyaningsih
ObjectivesObjectives
The Signs And Symptoms Of Lung Cancer
Causes And Risk Factors Of Lung Cancer
The Types And Classifications Of Lung Cancer
General Overview Of Lung Physiology
Preventive Health Strategies Regarding Lung Cancer
Medical Management for Lung Cancer
Differentiation Beetwen Healthy and Diseased Lung Tissue
Diagnostic Test For Lung Cancer
General Overview of Lung General Overview of Lung Physiology Physiology
Breathing
Healthy lung tissueHealthy lung tissue
Diseased Lung TissueDiseased Lung Tissue
Types of Lung Types of Lung CancerCancer
Two main Types of Lung CancerTwo main Types of Lung Cancer::
Small Cell Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer (20-25% of all lung (20-25% of all lung cancers)cancers)
Non Small Cell Lung CancerNon Small Cell Lung Cancer (most common (most common ~80%)~80%)
Small Cell Lung CancerSmall Cell Lung Cancer
Non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancer
• 1. Squamous cell carcinoma1. Squamous cell carcinoma• 2. Adenocarcinoma2. Adenocarcinoma• 3. Large cell carcinomas3. Large cell carcinomas
Causes and Risk factors ofCauses and Risk factors of
Lung Cancer
Early/late Signs and SymptomsEarly/late Signs and Symptoms
Early Signs Late signsCough/chronic cough Bone pain, spinal cord compression
Dyspnea Chest pain/tightnessHemoptysis DysphagiaChest/shoulder pain Head and neck edemaRecurring temperature
Blurred vision, headaches
Recurring respiratory infections
Weakness, anorexia, weight-loss, cachexia
Pleural effusionLiver metastasis/regional spread
Diagnostic TestsDiagnostic Tests
• CT ScansCT Scans• MRIMRI• Sputum cytologySputum cytology• Fibreoptic bronchoscopyFibreoptic bronchoscopy• Transthoracic fine needle aspirationTransthoracic fine needle aspiration
Laboratory TestsLaboratory Tests
Blood TestsBlood Tests *CBC-to check red/white blood cell & platelets*CBC-to check red/white blood cell & platelets
-to check bone marrow and organ function-to check bone marrow and organ function
*Blood Chemistry Test-to assess how organs *Blood Chemistry Test-to assess how organs are functioning such as liver and kidneyare functioning such as liver and kidney
Biopsy-to determine if the tumor is cancer or Biopsy-to determine if the tumor is cancer or notnot
-to determine the type of cancer-to determine the type of cancer -to determine the grade of cancer (slow-to determine the grade of cancer (slow or fast)or fast)
BiopsyBiopsy
EndoscopyEndoscopy
• BronchoscopyBronchoscopy• MediastinoscopyMediastinoscopy• VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic
surgery)surgery)
BronchoscopyBronchoscopy
MediastinoscopyMediastinoscopy
VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic VATS (video assisted thoracoscopic surgery)surgery)
Medical ManagementMedical Management
The three main cancer The three main cancer treatments are:treatments are:*surgery (lung resections)*surgery (lung resections)*radiation therapy*radiation therapy*chemotherapy*chemotherapy
Other types of treatment that Other types of treatment that are used to treat certain cancers are used to treat certain cancers are hormonal therapy, biological are hormonal therapy, biological therapy or stem cell transplant.therapy or stem cell transplant.
Prevention: PrimaryPrevention: Primary
• Avoid the use of tobacco smoke• Know environmental carcinogens that increase
risk• Chemoprevention:– Consuming carotenoids, Vit A, retinoids Vit E, selenium, Vit
C, fat
Prevention: SecondaryPrevention: Secondary
• Aim is to early diagnose high risk Aim is to early diagnose high risk populations via screeningpopulations via screening
• CXR, MRI, CT scans, sputum cytologyCXR, MRI, CT scans, sputum cytology
Prevention: TertiaryPrevention: Tertiary
• Targeted at people who survived a Targeted at people who survived a cancer diseasecancer disease
• Assists them to retain an optimal Assists them to retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of level of functioning regardless of their potential debilitating diseasetheir potential debilitating disease
ReferencesReferences
• Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2009). Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2009). Nursing Diagnosis; Application to clinical Nursing Diagnosis; Application to clinical practice practice (13(13thth ed.). Philadelphia, P.A.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ed.). Philadelphia, P.A.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Cassileth, B., Deng, G., Gomez, J., Johnstone, P., Kumar, N., Vickers, A.Cassileth, B., Deng, G., Gomez, J., Johnstone, P., Kumar, N., Vickers, A.• Day, R.A., Paul, P., Williams, B. Smeltzer, S.C., Bare, B. (2010). Day, R.A., Paul, P., Williams, B. Smeltzer, S.C., Bare, B. (2010).
Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Canadian Medical-Surgical NursingBrunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Canadian Medical-Surgical Nursing (2(2ndnd ed.). Philadelphia, P.A.: Lippincott ed.). Philadelphia, P.A.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Williams & Wilkins.
• Otto, S. (2001). Otto, S. (2001). Oncology NursingOncology Nursing (4 (4thth ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Inc.Inc.
• http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/lung-cancer/http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/lung-cancer/• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7130216.stm• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7130216.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7130216.stm• www.cancer.cawww.cancer.ca