lte overview ic 310756
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Confidential Information© GSMA 2011
All GSMA meetings are conducted in full compliance with the GSMA’s anti-trust compliance policy
Fraud Forum Webinar LTE Demystified
Prepared by Henry Hayter
Document Number FR Doc 31_01
Meeting Date 9 Jan 2012
Meeting Venue Conference call & webinar
For Approval
For Information X
Version 1.0
Security Classification Confidential to GSMA Full,
Associate, Rapporteurs & ParentGroup Members
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Agenda / Contents
Why LTE?
Overview of LTE
Key New Terms
LTE and 3G/GPRS – a comparison
LTE Mobile Operation
Sampled LTE Roaming Scenarios LTE Roaming Considerations for Operators
Questions and Answers
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0.240.6
1.2
2.2
3.8
6.3
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Terabytes per Month (Millions)
Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2011
Soaring Mobile Data
Why LTE?
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The Mobile Operator’s Challenge
2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015
User Paid
Revenues
Total Cost of
Ownership
Traffic
Non-user
Paid
Revenue
Consumer demand continues to grow
Projections flat or even decline
Need to meet user traffic demand at profitable level
Efficient network
and operations
New Business
Models
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Confidential 5Evolved Packet Core
Existing and New Business Model Enablement
Machine-to-Machine Over-the-TopIMS Services
SMS RCS
Voice
eNode
B
LTE (4G)
MME
SGW
HSS PGW
PCRF
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Overview of LTE improvements
New and improved radio interface (OFDMA)
Newer, flatter, all-IP architecture (EPC)
More control over subscribers’ QoE
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Key New Terms for LTE networks
Term Definition
EPC Evolved Packet Core – Evolution of the 2G/3G packet core networks to an all-IP based core
E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network – the 4G LTE wireless network
HSS Home Subscriber Server – database of subscriber profiles (similar to HLR in GSM)
MMEMobility Management Entity – key control-node for LTE that can support monitoring of idle UE,
authentication with HSS, select the S-GW, and bearer activation/de-activation
PCRFPolicy and Charging Rules Function – supports the creation of rules around subscribers’
network usage (“V” PCRF is in the visited network, “H” PCRF is the home network)
PDN Packet Data Network – external IP network such as the public Internet or private IP network
P-GWPDN Gateway - provides connectivity from UE to external packet data networks, performs
policy enforcement and packet screening
S-GW Serving Gateway - provides routing and forwarding between E-UTRAN and PDN
UE User Equipment – handsets, tablets, PCs, etc. that connect to the wireless network
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LTE and GPRS networks – a comparison
Packet Core
SGSN GGSN
HLR
Internet
Intranet
Evolved Packet Core
eNode
B
LTE (4G)
MME
SGW
HSS
PGW
PCRF
BTS BSC
GPRS, EDGE (2.x G)
Node
B
RNC
UMTS, HSxPA (3.x G)
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Authent ication
Subscriber Data
Quota Mgmt
Bandwidth Mgmt
Charging
MME HSS PGW PCRFSGW
Mobility Management
Setup PhaseSetup Phase Data Transfer
LTE Mobile Phases
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Introduction to LTE Roaming – network view
LTE Roaming network traffic is separated into categories
– Signaling (S6a, S9)
– User Data or Bearer (S8)
2 types of Roaming in LTE defined by 3GPP; Home Routed and Local
Breakout
– Home Routed - the traffic from the UE is sent to the home EPC (network)
– Local Breakout - the traffic from the UE is serviced by the visited EPC (network)
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Interfaces for LTE networks
11TNS Confidential
Interface Function
Gx Provides transfer of policy (QoS) and charging rules from PCRF to P-GW
Gxc Serves similar function as Gx when PMIP is used rather than GTP
S1-u Defines the user plane between the E-UTRAN and S-GW
S1-MME Used for signaling between the E-UTRAN and MME
S6a Enables transfer of subscription and authentication data between MME and HSS
S6d Enables transfer of subscription and authentication data between SGSN and HSS
S8Provides user plane and control plane between the S-GW and the P-GW (bearer between
home and visited networks)
S9Transfers (QoS) policy and charging control information between HPCRF and VPCRF (in
support of local breakout)
S11 Used by MME to control path switching and bearer establishment in S-GW
Sgi Used to connect the P-GW to the PDN
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Diagram - LTE+LTE Home Routed
IPX
Evolved Packet Core
eNode
B
LTE (4G)
MME
SGW
HSS PGW
PCRF
Evolved Packet Core
MME
SGW
HSS
PGW
PCRFeNode
B
LTE (4G)
Mobili ty Management
IPX
User (Bearer) Data
Policy Information
HPMN
VPMN
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Diagram - LTE+LTE Local Breakout
IPX
Evolved Packet Core
eNode
B
LTE (4G)
MME
SGW
HSS PGW
PCRF
Evolved Packet Core
MME
SGW
HSS
PGW
PCRFeNode
B
LTE (4G)
IPX
HPMN
VPMN
Mobili ty Management
User (Bearer) Data
Policy Information
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LTE Roaming – NRTRDE Support
LTE is already supported by NRTRDE, using GPRS record types
– P-GW is populated in the GGSN address field
– S-GW is populated in the SGSN address field
– Refer to TD.35 for complete information
NRTRDE for GPRS is not mandatory by default
– Your obligations for GPRS depend on your roaming agreements
VoLTE is not supported by NRTRDE
– 3GPP has approved a CR to make the IMSI available from S-CSF
• (Rel 8+)
– All roaming records available at the HPMN
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LTE – Different Fraud Considerations
Will airtime frauds become comparatively insignificant?
– Probably, except in VoLTE
Focus on potential high impact frauds – e.g. involving financial
services
– M-Banking, M-Commerce
Execution of fraud via Hacking and Malware
Motives may change:
– Financial gain is commonly the primary motive
– But Hacking and Malware may be motivated by “glory hunters”
– Be careful not to focus on analysis solely by “value”
Fraud analysis required at bearer level and service level
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Questions?