LTE Long Term Evolution

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20081LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20082LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20083LTE BasicsLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20084What is LTE ?3GPP Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE and marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technologyHigher performanceBackwards compatibleWide application5LTE Key factorsLTEHigh Data Rates > 100 Mbps Downlink> 50 Mbps UplinkChannel Setup < 100 ms

Why ?Mobile Broadband TendencyCustomers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz) Efficient Reducing OPEX & CAPEXEasy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing)TDD / FDD & Spectrum FlexibilityNew Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time) High Performance for Broadcast ServicesWide Range of TerminalsIncrease Service Provisioning

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20086Evolution of Radio Access TechnologiesLTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9LTE-Advanced :3GPP release 10+7

802.16d/e802.16mTowards LTE

83G- R99HSPAHSPA EvolutionLTE200220052008/20092009384 kbps3.6 Mbps21/28/42 Mbps~150 MbpsPeak rate 20077/14 MbpsMobile broadband speed evolution

LTE Evolution20131 GbpsTarget

OtherCDMAMobile WiMAXGSM/GPRS/EDGEWCDMAHSPALTE2006200720082009201020112012201301 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 000Reported Subscriptions (million)LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 20089Key Messages;The technologies are hereMobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experienceA well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scaleThis is a global effort

Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadbandToday almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 MbpsIn Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center which is better than common fixed broadband

HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proofSuppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Additional Information about HSPA & LTE

Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates (80-160 Mbps downlink and 20-40 Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved.

Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTESince these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage.

LTE Terminals

Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200810LTE RoadmapLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200811LTE Evolution

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200812LTE Smooth Migration

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200813LTE Long Term EvolutionArchitetureLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200814 LTE ArchitectureGbIuGERANUTRAN3G2GLTE RANLTENon-3GPPMME/UPESGiIP networksS3S4S5aS6S7S1S2EVOLVED PACKET COREMME = Mobility Management EntityIASA = Inter-Access System AnchorPCRFHSSSGSN3GPPAnchorSAEAnchorS5bIASA15LTE (Long Term Evolution)Radio Side (LTE Long Term Evolution)Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latencySimplification of the radio networkEfficient support of packet based services

Network Side (SAE System Architecture Evolution)Improvement in latency, capacity, throughputSimplification of the core networkOptimization for IP traffic and servicesSimplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

16Evolution Path ArchitectureThe pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN)

Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway

Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end.LTE

17WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE Access Network

WCDMA System Architeture LTE System Architeture

RANLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200818

eUTRAN (LTE) interfacesLogical viewMME/GWS1-CS1-CS1-CX2X2eNode BeNode BeNode BEvolvedPacketCoreEvolvedUTRANLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200819168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev B168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev A192008-05-19168/221 09 - FGB 101 220 Uen Rev A19MME: Mobility Management EntityGW: GateWay

The logical interface from the eNode B to the core network is called S1 and the logical interface between eNode Bs is called X2. The RNC that is used in WCDMA does not exist in LTE. Some of the functionality is moved to the eNode B and other functionality is moved to the core network.

LTE eNodeBLTE eNodeB

Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions.ARQ, Header Compression & layer functionsSecurity Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection )eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for uplink and downlink.Radio Resources Control functionsConnected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar as Iu)X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the Active Mode Mobility.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200820LTE Long Term EvolutionCore NetworkLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200821WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE Core WCDMA System Architeture LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200822WCDMA LTE - CoreLTE Core

Introduction of EPC Evolved Packet CoreSAE just covers Packet Switched DomainHSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network HSS uses the S6 interfaceeNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 InterfaceEPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobilityChargingManagement of SubscriberMobility Management ( roaming )QOS HandlingPolicy Control of Data FlowsInterconection with External Networks

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200823SAE: System Architecture EvolutionHSSHLRAAAPDN GWServ GWMMESGSNPCRF

LTE2G3GNon-3GPPNon-trustedNon-3GPPTrustedEg cdmaWx*GbIu-CS3S4S1-CS1-US12S10S11S5/S8SGiS6cS7S7cS7bS7aTa*S2aWa*Wn*Wm*IP networksS9S6aGrS101/102SGSN/MMESAPCePDGS2bSAE GWWn*S2cS103WSM moduleHSS/HLRMobility Management Entity (MME): The MME manages mobility, UE identities and security parametersThe Serving Gateway is the node that terminates the interface towards LTE RANPDN Gateway (PDN GW): The PDN Gateway is the node that terminates the SGi interface towards the PDNLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200824MME FunctionalityRoaming (S6a towards home HSS)AuthenticationSAE GW selectionIdle mode mobility handlingTracking Area UpdatePagingMobility handling of inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB)inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB)QoS negotiation with UE and eNodeBSecurityCiphering and integrity protection of NAS signallingSecure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))O&M security (?)

SAE CN ArchitectureSGiMMES1-MMES1-US11X2S10eNodeBS3S4SGSNSAE GW25SAE GW FunctionalityPDN SAE GW:Policy EnforcementPer-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection)Charging SupportUser plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accessesrouting of user data towards the S-GWSecurityO&M security (?)Lawful Intercept

Serving SAE GW:User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool)User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobilityrouting of user data towards the eNodeBrouting of user data towards the P-GWrouting of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with Direct Tunnel)SecuritySecure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))O&M security (?)Lawful Intercept

The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes.

SAE CN ArchitectureSGiMMES1-MMES1-US11X2S10eNodeBS3S4SGSNSAE GW26LTE Long Term EvolutionAccess NetworkLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200827

Key LTE radio access featuresLTE radio accessDownlink: OFDMUplink: SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutionsDiversityBeam-formingMulti-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibilityFlexible bandwidthNew and existing bandsDuplex flexibility: FDD and TDD20 MHz1.4 MHzTXTX

SC-FDMAOFDMALTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200828LTE Access NetworkLTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL

LTE basic charactheristics:

Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ).Orthogonally in uplink and downlink.Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported).Advanced Antenna Technology MIMO is used in downlink to allow high peak rates.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200829LTE Long Term EvolutionChannelsLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200830UL-SCHChannel Structure Downlink and UplinkPCHDL-SCHPCCHLogical Channels type of information (traffic/control)Transport Channelshow and with what characteristics (common/shared/mc/bc)DownlinkUplinkPDSCHPhysical Channelsbits, symbols, modulation, radio frames etcMTCHMCCHBCCHDTCHDCCHDTCHDCCHCCCHPRACHRACHCCCHMCHBCHPUSCHPBCHPCFICHPUCCHACK/NACKCQIScheduling req.-Sched TF DL-Sched grant UL-Pwr Ctrl cmd-HARQ infopri secPMCHPHICHPDCCHACK/NACKPDCCH infoLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200831PMCH - Physical Mulicast ChannelPBCH Physical Broadcast Channel BCH transport block is mapped to four subframes within 40ms intervalPDSCH Physical DL Shared ChannelPCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel Informs UE about nr of OFDM symbols, used for PDCCH, TX every subframePDCCH Physical DL Control Channel Informs UE about resource allocation and HybridARQ info related to DL-SCH and PCH. Carries UL scheduling grantPHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel Carries ACK/NAK in response to UL transmissionPUCCH Physical UL Control Channel Carries ACK/NAK in response to DL transmission. Carries CQI reportsPUSCH Physical UL Shared ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access Channel carries preamble

LTE Logical Channels ( type of Information)BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel )Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth.

PCCH ( Paging Control Channel ) used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to the network.

DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel )Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200832LTE Logical Channels ( type of Information)MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel )used for transmission of control informationrequired for reception of the MTCH.

DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel )used for transmission of user data to/froma mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data.

MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel )used for downlink transmission of MBMSservices.LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200833LTE Transport ChannelsBCH ( Broadcast Channel )Fixed Tranport FormatUsed for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel.

RACH ( Random Access Channel )Used for Access the Network from theTerminal.Limited control information and colission risk.

PCH ( Paging Channel )is used for transmission of paging information on thePCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200834LTE Transport ChannelsDL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel)Used for transmission of data in LTEDL SCH TTI is 1 msSupport Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.

MCH ( Multi Cast Channel)Used to support MBMS

UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel )Used for transmission of data in LTEUL SCH TTI 1 msSupport Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200835Commercial Views

LTE SAE Commercial Path2007200920102008Validate technologyFirst vendor selectionLTE CommercialdeploymentLTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200837Please remove this slide before publishing on intranetWireless Broadband Main vendor strategies VendorHSPALTEEV-DOUMBMobile WiMAX

SupportFocus

Cooperation with Huawei

Sold to ALU 2006

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200838Ericsson focuses on developing the WCDMA offering with higher and higher speeds of HSPA as a natural evolution development towards LTEIn this strategy, Ericsson stands alone, as the rest of the competition is more focusing on all technologies incl. Wimax, and further development of CDMA, EV-DO and in long run UMB.

The market have so far shown an increased interest in LTE, with giant operators, such as Verizon, who runs a CDMA network today, KDDI, AT&T and Vfe.

EricssonStrongest vendor on HSPA with the largest market share Focusing entirely on LTE, the natural evolution path for GSM/UMTS/HSPA and benefiting from economy of scaleA major standardization driver and technology leader

Alcatel-LucentDevelop products for all technologiesMulti-Radio technology. Embraces all main technologies in its roadmap.Currently developing a CDMA base station that is upgradable to UMBPurchased Nortel UMTS business in 2006WCDMA and HSPA market share is small.Strong on mobile WiMAX and CDMA.

HuaweiClaims to be technology agnostic. Main focus is on HSPA and LTE followed by UMB, as they are a large CDMA supplier. Weaker on WiMAX.Plans to have a base station that works with all standards in 2010

MotorolaWimax centricMore focus mobile WiMAX, with a good positionAt CTIA 2007 it unveiled the IP based UBS (Universal Base Station) for CDMA that can also support both UMB and LTE in the future. However, Motorolas position in mobile infrastructure is weak. Cooperation with Huawei for WCDMA/HSPA.

NortelCreate a 4G Ecosystem, new start! Technology driven , OFDMHigh focus on OFDM as the technology for 4G (LTE, Wimax and UMB)Believes in various technologies converge. It has conducted live demonstrations for all main technologies.Same base station for all technologiesNortel has a leap frog strategy on WCDMA. It has sold out its WCDMA division to Alcatel-Lucent

NSNMain focus on HSPA and LTE like EricssonNokia is weak in there HSPA implementation, one year behind Ericsson. Defined an proprietary step between HSPA and LTE called iHSPA. iHSPA has limited performance on the radio due to absence of soft handover, no market take off so far. NSN is using marketing to shift customer focus from its weak position by strongly push I-HSPA and HSUPACautiously supporting WiMAX and works on establishing a Mobile WiMAX business. Depending on the development with Sprint as they are a selected vendorNSN works on flat architecture to target CDMA2000 market with LTE/SAE

CiscoMight get into the race with WimaxInterested in 3G femto marketAfter officially not supporting WiMAX since 2004, Cisco entered the Mobile WiMAX market with the acquisition of Navini Networks in October 2007Cisco now has an end-to-end WiMAX solution which will be targeted at emerging markets.

LTE Dimensioning2008-01-29Ericsson AB 200839