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G.R. No. L-37682 March 29, 1974

REPUBLIC OF TE PILIPPINE!, R"#r"$"%&"' ()OF L+N*!, petitioner

$.

ON. PE*RO !+M!ON +NIM+!, % h$ ca#ac&) a!o0&h Co&a(a&o, Bra%ch I, G"%"ra !a%&o$ C&), ITIMBOL a%' &h" REGI!TER OF *EE*! OF GENER+

CIT, respondent

LIN,

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FACTS OF THE CASE

- On August 5, 1971, the Republic of the hilippines, !t the inst"u#e!u of Fo#est#$, %le& ! co'pl!int to &ecl!#e f#ee p!tent (o

!n& O#igin!l Ce#ti%c!te of Title (o) -.5/ in the n!'e of0s!g!ni u Ti'bol null !n& 2oi& ab initio !n& to o#&e# the #e2el!n& in 3uestion to the '!ss of public &o'!in)

-The !ction is b!se& on the g#oun& th!t the l!n& co2e#e& thfo#est o# ti'be# l!n& 4hich is not &ispos!ble un&e# the ublic

th!t in ! #ecl!ssi%c!tion of the public l!n&s in the 2icinit$ 4he#e3uestion is situ!te& '!&e b$ the "u#e!u of Fo#est#$ on !#ch 7s!i& l!n& 4!s plotte& on "u#e!u of Fo#est#$ '!p )C) 7 to be!#e! 4hich 4!s #e2e#te& to the c!tego#$ of public fo#est, 4!pplic!tion fo# f#ee p!tent b$ 0s!g!ni u Ti'bol 4!s %le& on 8uo# 'o#e th!n ele2en $e!#s the#e!fte#6 th!t the s!i& p!tent !n&obt!ine& f#!u&ulentl$ !s p#i2!te #espon&ent 0s!g!ni u Ti'

occupie& !n& culti2!te& the l!n& !pplie& fo#)

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• - The l!n& co2e#e& b$ the f#ee p!tent !n& title in 3uestion 4!pplie& fo# b$ #ecil! So#i!, 4ho on Feb#u!#$ ., 19, t#!#ights to the l!n& !n& its i'p#o2e'ents to &efen&!nt 0s!g!4ho %le& his !pplic!tion the#efo# on Feb#u!#$ , 199, !s ! t#!

#ecil! So#i!)• -On ece'be# 1., 199, f#ee !tent (o) *-+1. 4!s is

#esi&ent of the hilippines fo# the l!n& in 3uestion, !n& on 8!fte# t#!ns'itt!l of the p!tent to the Registe# of ee&s of :eCit$, O#igin!l Ce#ti%c!te of Title ;O)C)T)< (o) -.5/ 4!s issue&of &efen&!nt 0s!g!ni u Ti'bol)

• - 0n2o=ing the c!se of Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals , ho

ce#ti%c!te of title f#!u&ulentl$ secu#e& is not null !n& 2oi& abthe f#!u& consiste& in 'is#ep#esenting th!t the l!n& co2!pplic!tion is p!#t of the public &o'!in 4hen it is not, the&is'isse& the co'pl!int on the g#oun& th!t Ce#ti%c!te of Titlep!tent h!& bec!'e in&efe!sible in 2ie4 of the l!pse of the onp#esc#ibe& un&e# Section / of the !n& Regist#!tion Act fo&ec#ee of title on the g#oun& of f#!u&)

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• - l!inti> Republic of the hilippines !ppe!le&

&ecision to the Sup#e'e Cou#t fo# #e2ie4)

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0ssue

•- ?hethe# o# not the Ce#ti%c!te of Title b!se& oissue& in f!2o# of Ti'bol h!& beco'e in&efe!sible the l!pse of the one $e!# pe#io& p#esc#ibe& un&e# Sof the !n& Regist#!tion Act fo# #e2ie4 of ! &ec#ee the g#oun& of f#!u&@

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Ruling

• - The &efense of in&efe!sibilit$ of ! ce#ti%c!te of tpu#su!nt to ! f#ee p!tent &oes not lie !g!inst the

!ction fo# #e2e#sion of the l!n& co2e#e& the#eb$ l!n& is ! p!#t of ! public fo#est o# of ! fo#est #ese#2!

• - As ! gene#!l #ule, ti'be# o# fo#est l!n&s !#e not !&ispos!ble un&e# eithe# the Constitution of 19Constitution of 197)

• - Th!t the !#e! in 3uestion is ! fo#est o# ti'be# l!nest!blishe& b$ the ce#ti%c!tion '!&e b$ the "u#e!e2elop'ent th!t it is 4ithin the po#tion of the !4!s #e2e#te& to the c!tego#$ of fo#est l!n&, !pp#o#esi&ent on !#ch 7, 195/)

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• - ?hen the &efen&!nt 0s!g!ni u Ti'bol %le& his !pplic!p!tent o2e# the l!n& in 3uestion on 8une , 199, the !#e!4!s not ! &ispos!ble o# !lien!ble public l!n& but ! public fo

• - Titles issue& to p#i2!te p!#ties b$ the "u#e!u of !n&s 4co2e#e& the#eb$ is not &ispos!ble public l!n& but fo#e

2oi& ab initio)• - A p!tent is 2oi& !t l!4 if the ocer who issued the pa

authority to do )

• - 0f ! pe#son obt!ins ! title un&e# the ublic !n& Act 4hb$ 'ist!=e o# o2e#sight, l!n&s 4hich c!nnot be #egiste#e

To##ens S$ste', o# 4hen the i#ecto# of !n&s &i& not h!2

o2e# the s!'e bec!use it is ! public fo#est, the g#!ntee &2i#tue of s!i& ce#ti%c!te of title !lone, beco'e the o4ne#illeg!ll$ inclu&e&)

• - The c!se of Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals, #elie& upon b$Cou#t in &is'issing this c!se, is not cont#olling) 0n th!t c!l!n& 4!s in2ol2e& but !g#icultu#!l public l!n& 4hich 4!s b$ ! p!tent issue& to one p!#t$ !n& l!te# #egiste#e& un&e#

S$ste' b$ the othe# p!#t$)

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• - A ce#ti%c!te of title th!t is 2oi& '!$ be o#&e#e& c!ncelle&) Aconsi&e#e& 2oi& if it is p#ocu#e& th#ough f#!u&) 0n the c!se opublic l!n&s, failure on the part of the grantee to compconditions imposed by law is ! g#oun& fo# hol&ing such title 2

• The l!pse of the one $e!# pe#io& 4ithin 4hich ! &ec#ee of #eopene& fo# f#!u& 4oul& not p#e2ent the c!ncell!tion thhol& th!t ! title '!$ beco'e in&efe!sible b$ #egist#!tion, title h!& been secu#e& th#ough f#!u& o# in 2iol!tion of the l!the height of !bsu#&it$) Regist#!tion shoul& not be ! shiel&secu#ing title)

• Consi&e#ing th!t it is the st!te is see=ing the c!ncell!tion o

#espon&ent 0s!g!ni u Ti'bol, s!i& title h!s not beco'e in&p#esc#iption c!nnot be in2o=e& !g!inst the st!te)

• A title foun&e& on f#!u& '!$ be c!ncelle&, not4ithst!n&ingone $e!# f#o' the issu!nce the#eof)

• ublic l!n& f#!u&ulentl$ inclu&e& in p!tents o# ce#ti%c!tes of #eco2e#e& o# #e2e#te& to the st!te in !cco#&!nce 4ith Sectio

ublic !n& Act)

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• - #esc#iption &oes not lie !g!inst the st!te in such c!ses fo# ti'it!tions &oes not #un !g!inst the st!te ;A#ticle 11/, p!#!g(e4 Ci2il Co&e<)

• The #ight of #e2e#sion o# #econ2e$!nce to the st!te is p#esc#iption

• E2en g#!nting th!t the title of p#i2!te #espon&ent 0s!g!ni u Tlonge# be #eopene& un&e# the !n& Regist#!tion Act, the lthe#eb$ '!$ be #econ2e$e& to the st!te in !n !ction fo# #un&e# Section 11 of Co''on4e!lth Act 1+1 ;ublic !n& #e'e&$ of #econ2e$!nce is !&e3u!tel$ co2e#e& b$ the p#co'pl!int fo# the g#!nt of such othe# #elief !s '!$ be Bust !n&the p#e'ises)

• FOR A THE FORE:O0(:, the o#&e# of the #espon&ent cou#t.., 197, &is'issing the co'pl!int, !n& th!t of Septe'be&en$ing the 'otion fo# its #econsi&e#!tion, both issue& in C1.5 of the #espon&ent cou#t, !#e he#eb$ !nnulle& !n& se#espon&ent cou#t sh!ll p#ocee& to he!# s!i& Ci2il C!se !n& #en&the#eon !cco#&ingl$)

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