lsm1301 lect01 (1 frame)

GENERALBIOLOGY

LSM1301LSM1301

Semester1200910

LecturersLecturers

SeowTeckKeong S1A0227,DeptofBiologicalSciences, p g Email:[email protected]: 65162695 Tel:65162695

TanSwee Hee S60301,DeptofBiologicalSciences Email: sweehee@nus edu sgE mail:[email protected] Tel:65162875

LSM1301 2Semester1200910

Module ParticularsModuleParticulars

Prerequisites None

PreclusionsM h d GCE A L l H2 Bi lMustnothavereadGCEALevelorH2Biology,orequivalents

CannotbereadconcurrentlywithLSM1101,LSM1102,LSM1103,LSM1201,andLSM1202


LecturesLectures

d dGroupSL1 Wednesday 14001600LT25

GroupSL2 Friday 12001400

Webcasting Recorded,notliveeco ded, ot e PublishedonIVLEAudio podcast file in mp3 format Audiopodcastfileinmp3format

Mainpurpose reviewandrevision Onlyprojectedimagesandvoicecaptured Livedemonstrationswillnotbecapturedp


LecturesLectures

iLecture Topic GroupSL1 GroupSL2

1 ScienceofBiology 12August2009 14August2009

2 Chemistry of Life 19 August 2009 21 August 20092 ChemistryofLife 19August2009 21August2009

3 CellStructureandFunction 26August2009 28August2009

4 EnergyandLife 2September2009 4September2009

5 DNAandHeredity 9September2009 11September2009

6 GeneExpression 16September2009 18September2009

7 Biotechnology 30September2009 2October2009

8 Biodiversity 7October2009 9October2009

9 Plant Form and Function 14 October 2009 16 October 20099 PlantFormandFunction 14October2009 16October2009

10 AnimalFormandFunction 21October2009 23October2009

11 Ecology 28October2009 30October2009

12 Evolution 4November2009 6November2009


Open Laboratory SessionsOpenLaboratorySessions

Wednesday

GroupW1 10001200

LifeSciencesTeachingLaboratory4Block S1A Level 4 #0403

GroupW2 12001400

Group W3 14001600 BlockS1A,Level4,#04 03GroupW3 1400 1600

GroupW4 16001800

GroupT1 10001200

ThursdayGroupT2 12001400

GroupT3 14001600

GroupT4 16001800

GroupF1 10001200

Group F2 12001400Friday

GroupF2 12001400

GroupF3 14001600

GroupF4 16001800


Open Laboratory SessionsOpenLaboratorySessions

TopicsGroups

W1,W2,W3,W4 T1,T2,T3,T4 F1,F2,F3,F4

Microscopy 9 September 2009 10 September 2009 11 September 2009Microscopy(Assignment2)

9September2009(Wednesday)

10September2009(Thursday)

11September2009(Friday)

LivingCells 16September 2009 17September2009 18 September2009g(Assignment3)

p(Wednesday)

p(Thursday)

p(Friday)

Respiration(A i t 4)

30September2009(W d d )

1October2009(Th d )

2October2009(F id )(Assignment4) (Wednesday) (Thursday) (Friday)

DNAandRNA(Assignment 5)

21October2009(Wednesday)

22October2009(Thursday)

23October2009(Friday)(Assignment5) (Wednesday) (Thursday) (Friday)

Carnivory(Assignment6)

28October2009(Wednesday)

29October2009(Thursday)

30October2009(Friday)


Museum VisitMuseumVisit

Dates12 16October2009(M d t F id )(Monday toFriday)

RafflesMuseumofBiodiversityResearch

Location BlockS6,Level3DepartmentofBiologicalSciences

FacultyofScience

OpeningHours

09001700onMondaystoFridays(ClosedonSaturdays,Sundays,

andPublicHolidays)

Website http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/


AssessmentAssessment

ContinualAssessment(40%) Openlaboratorysessionsp y AssignmentsMuseum visitMuseumvisit

FinalExamination(60%) Openbookexamination 60 multiplechoice questions60multiple choicequestions 26Nov2009(Thursday),17001900


Recommended TextsRecommendedTexts

i l Biology SylviaS.Mader 10thEdition(2010) McGrawHillHigherEducation

Biology:TheUnityandDiversityofLife 12thEdition(2006) Cecie Starr,RalphTaggart,ChristineEvers,andLisaStarr

ThomsonBrooks/Cole


Recommended TextsRecommendedTexts

Biology:ConceptsandInvestigations Marielle Hoefnagels 1stEdition(2009) McGrawHill Higher EducationMcGraw HillHigherEducation

Biology:LifeonEarthwithPhysiology8th Editi (2008) 8thEdition(2008)

TeresaAudesirk,GeraldAudesirk,andB E BBruceE.Byers

PearsonPrenticeHall


Learning OutcomesLearningOutcomes

bj Subjectmatter Acquisition lectures,assignments Application lectures,assignments

Life skillsLifeskills Communication assignmentsThinking assignments Thinking assignments

Societalvalues Responsibility assignments Integrity assignments


Subject MatterSubjectMatter

Conceptoflifefunctions fromcellstotissuestoorganstosystemsg y

BasicterminologiesandconceptsDi i f lif f h j Diversityoflife someofthemajordevelopmentsandadaptationsinlifeforms

Relatingknowledgeacquiredtoeverydaylifecommon day controversies between sciencecommondaycontroversiesbetweenscienceandsociety


http://emodule.nus.edu.sg/acp // g/


PlagiarismPlagiarism

Studentswithsimilaranswers Toeachother ToothersourcesAll ff AlloffencesMustbereportedtoHeadofDepartment Investigativeinterviewwillbeconducted Penalty to be meted out based on outcome ofPenaltytobemetedoutbasedonoutcomeofinterview


PlagiarismPlagiarism

Keypointstonote Assignmentsareindividualpiecesofworkg p RephraseandreconstructanswersCite sources of reference Citesourcesofreference

DiscussionsoverInternetChattendtoresultini ilsimilaranswers

Thosewhocopiedandthosewhowerecopiedfromareequallyliabletobepenalised


IVLE Web PortalIVLEWebPortal

URL http://ivle.nus.edu.sg

Moduleparticulars Objectives, schedule, syllabus, lecturers, texts, etcObjectives,schedule,syllabus,lecturers,texts,etc

AnnouncementsL t t d t d h Latestupdatesandchanges

OptiontosignupforSMSnotification GradebookMarksofassignments(includingremarks,ifany)g ( g y)



Workbin Downloadingoflecturenotesandassignmentsg g UploadingofcompletedassignmentsF Forum Commentsandquestionsonmoduleandsubjectmatter

Chat roomChatroom Onlinequestionandanswersessions



Assessment Onlinereviewandselfpracticequestionsp q GradesdonotcountM lti di Multimedia Animationsandwebcasts

LessonplanDetails of lectures open laboratory sessions Detailsoflectures,openlaboratorysessions,museumvisit,andfinalexamination


Important NotesImportantNotes

Emails SubjectmustincludeLSM1301j Ifnot,mayendupinSpamfolderFor questions specific to individual Forquestionsspecifictoindividual

Forum Forquestionsrelatedtomoduleandsubjectmatter

Responseonlyafterdiscussionsbetweenstudents


Important NotesImportantNotes

Assignments SubmissionstoIVLEonlyy DonotemailassignmentscriptsDo not submit hardcopy of assignment scripts Donotsubmithardcopyofassignmentscripts

Latesubmissionsallowedfor1dayafterfirstd dli b bj d % ldeadlinebutsubjectedto50%penalty

Studentsresponsibilitytoensurethattherewouldbenoplagiarism


What is Life?WhatisLife?

OxfordEnglishDictionary The condition or attribute of living or being alive;f g g ;animate existence. Opposed to death.

Characteristics of living things Characteristicsoflivingthings Complexandorganised Requireenergy Respondtoenvironmentp ReproduceandgrowAdapt to change Adapttochange


Complex and OrganisedComplexandOrganised

Organisedinhierarchicalmanner Each higher levelEachhigherlevelMorecomplexthanprecedinglevelM h h f i f diMorethanthesumofpropertiesofprecedinglevel

Emergentproperties Interactions between components of precedingInteractionsbetweencomponentsofprecedinglevelgiverisetonewproperties


ComplexandOrganised



Kingdoms Archaea kingdomsstillbeingworkedoutg g Bacteria kingdomsstillbeingworkedoutEukarya Eukarya KingdomProtistaKi d F i KingdomFungi KingdomPlantae

d l KingdomAnimalia


Require EnergyRequireEnergy

Autotrophs Selffeeders,producers, p Photosynthesis capturelight energy to make foodlightenergytomakefood

Heterotrophs Otherfeeders,consumers Acquireenergyfoundinq gymoleculesofotherorganismsg


Respond to EnvironmentRespondtoEnvironment

Changesinenvironments Sensedbyorganismsy gMakeresponsestochangesE i t Environments Internal temperature,waterlevel,bloodsugarlevel,etc.

External food,water,taste,light,sound,etc., , , g , ,


Respond to EnvironmentRespondtoEnvironment

Homeostasis To stay the same inGreekyMaintenanceofrelativelyconstantinternalenvironmentenvironment

Animals Temperature,thirst,hunger,spermproduction

PlantsPlants Directionofgrowth(towardslightsource)


Reproduce and GrowReproduceandGrow

Reproduction Resultsinoffspringofsametypetomaintainp g yppopulation

Transmission of genetic material to offspring toTransmissionofgeneticmaterialtooffspringtoensurecontinuityoflife

G th GrowthMulticellular organismsproducemorecells Unicellularorganismsenlargecellsanddividetomakemoreindividuals


Adapt to ChangeAdapttoChange

d i Adaptations Modificationsincharacteristicsorbehavioursthat

k i it d t i i tmakesanorganismmoresuitedtogivenenvironment

Naturalselection Individualswithinheritedadaptationsthatpromotesurvivalandreproductionwillmakeupmoreofthepopulation over timepopulationovertime

EvolutionCh i i k f l i l Changeingeneticmakeupofapopulationoverlongperiodsoftime


Adapt to ChangeAdapttoChange

Whenenvironmentchanges Differentcombinationsofadaptationsmaybebetter

Diversity Arise from different types of adaptations to different Arisefromdifferenttypesofadaptationstodifferentenvironments

At basic level Atbasiclevel Allorganismsareverysimilar Suggestslivingthingsdescendedfromcommonancestor


What is Science?WhatisScience?

Science Askingquestionsaboutnaturalworldaroundusg q

BiologyS i ifi d f lif ki i b lif Scientificstudyoflife,askingquestionsaboutlife

Scientificmethod GeneralframeworkusedtoanswerquestionsRigorous process of organising investigation to Rigorousprocessoforganisinginvestigationtoconsiderideasandevidenceinrepeatablemanner


Scientific MethodScientificMethod

Basedonsetofassumptionsorprinciples Naturalcausalityy Alleventscanbeattributedtonaturalcauses Explanations do not invoke supernaturalExplanationsdonotinvokesupernatural

Uniformityinspaceandtime Natural laws apply at all places and all times Naturallawsapplyatallplacesandalltimes

Similarperceptionl l l Peopleperceivenaturaleventsinsimilarways

Observationsofotherhumansacceptedasreliable


ScientificM th dMethod



ObservationMakeobservationofaphenomenoneitherwithpsensesorinstruments May be historical incidents or accidentsMaybehistoricalincidentsoraccidents Maybeexistingknowledgeandexperimentalresults May be mental connections among previouslyMaybementalconnectionsamongpreviouslyunrelatedobservations

Leads to development of questionsLeadstodevelopmentofquestions Focusonasingleanswerablequestion



Hypothesis Tentativeexplanationforobservedphenomenonp p Typicallyintheformofif/thenpredictionsMust be testable by experimentsMustbetestablebyexperiments

Ifhypothesisincorrect,experimentswoulddi h h idisprovehypothesis



Experiment Testandchallengehypothesis,underknownandg yp ,controlledconditions

Each experiment tests a single variableEachexperimenttestsasinglevariable MustruleoutinfluenceofotherpossiblevariablesControl group Controlgroup Versionofexperimentwithoutvariablebeingtested

Samplesize Largernumbertestedgivesmoremeaningfulresults



C l i Conclusion Evaluationofhypothesisinlightofexperimental

ltresults Resultsareanalysedandinterpretedforconclusionsto be drawntobedrawn

Ifhypothesisdisproved Experiments to be redesigned Experimentstoberedesigned

Ifhypothesissupported Conclusion must remain tentativeConclusionmustremaintentative Cannotbeproventruewith100%certainty Canneverbesurealluntestedvariablesarecontrolled


Scientific TheoryScientificTheory

C h i l i f l Comprehensiveexplanationfornaturalphenomenon Hypothesisorgroupofrelatedhypotheses Haswithstoodrigorousandextensiveexperimentalt titesting

Hasnotyetbeenfoundincorrectf l h Neverpermanentorfinaltruth

Alwaysprovisionalandsubjecttochange Maybemodifiedorreplacedwhencompellingevidencearises


Limitations of ScienceLimitationsofScience

S i ifi h d f l f Scientificmethodnotfoolprooforeasytoimplement Experimentalresultsmayleadtodifferentconclusions Themostcarefullydesignedexperimentcanfailto

id d fi itiprovidedefinitiveanswer

Cannotprovideanswerstosubjectivequestions Moral,aesthetic,orphilosophicalstandards

Mayresultinconflictwithotherformsofknowledge Copernicus,Darwin


Reference TextsReferenceTexts

Chapter1 Chapter1 Chapter1 Chapter1


lsm1301 lect01 (1 frame)

Documents

preclusionsm h d gce

group w3

deptofbiologicalsciences

p g email

nus edu sge mail

tanswee hee s60301