PROKARYOTES

There are two groups of prokaryotes:

Archaebacteria that live in extreme environments and are anaerobic.

Eubacteria that are the common bacteria we are familiar with.

THE DOMAIN EUKARYOTE

The Domain Eukaryote includes 4 Kingdoms:

• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

KINGDOM PROTISTA

Protists are one-or many-celled organisms.

Protists live in a moist or wet environment.

Some are plant-like with chlorophyll.

Some are animal-like and move.

Algae

Paramecium

KINGDOM FUNGI

Most fungi have many cells

Fungi can grow in soil, but they do not make their own food.

Fungi grow best in warm, humid places.

Fungi can reproduce asexually and sexually.

KINGDOM PLANTAE

Plant cells have cell walls and chlorophyll used for photosynthesis.

Vascular plants use tube-like structures to transport water an nutrients.

Nonvascular plants use other ways to move water and nutrients.

NON-VASCULAR PLANTS – MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS

Have rhizoids rather than roots.

Grow in damp environments.

Reproduce by spores rather than seeds.

Frequently are pioneer species in an area.

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

Reproduce by spores Have vascular tissue

to carry water and nutrients

Ferns are the largest group – have fronds, stems, and roots.

Club mosses – needle-like leaves

Horsetails – hollow center

SEEDED VASCULAR PLANTS

Have leaves, stems, roots, and vascular tissue.

Reproduce by seeds Leaves trap light and

make food through photosynthesis

Stems allow movement between leaves and roots

GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS

Gymnosperms have no flowers.

Have needle-like leaves

Conifers reproduce by male and female cones

Angiosperms flower and have fruit that contain seeds.

Monocots – one cotyledon for food storage in seeds.

Dicots – two cotyledons inside their seeds

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

The Animal Kingdom consists of invertebrates and vertebrates.

Invertebrates do not have a backbone.

Vertebrates have a spinal cord and a backbone.

Invertebrates make up the largest populations of the Animal Kingdom

BODY SYMMETRY

Organisms with radial symmetry are generally circular in shape (flat or spherical). As you go out from the center in any direction, the animal is the same, like a sea star.

Organisms with bilateral symmetry are generally not circular and have two sides that are the mirror image of each other like a human.

Organisms that are asymmetrical have no symmetry at all.

BODY SYMMETRY

INVERTEBRATES

Phylum Porifera – Sponges

Phylum Cnidaria – jellyfish, hydras, corals, and sea anemones

Phylum Platyhelminthes - Flatworms

Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms

Phylum Annelida – Segmented Worms

INVERTEBRATES

Phylum Mollusca – Clams, Oysters, Squid, and Octopus

Phylum Arthropoda – Arachnids, Insects, and Crustaceans, and Myriapods

Phylum Echinodermata – Sea Stars and Sea Cucumbers

VERTEBRATES

Fish Amphibians

Reptiles Birds Mammals

FISH

Jawless fish Cartilagenou

s fish Bony Fish

Have swim bladder to control depth

Have spinal cord and backbone

AMPHIBIAN

-lives in water and on land-cold blooded=endotherm-smooth moist skin

REPTILE

-lives on land-endothermic-lay eggs-lungs-scaly skin

BIRD

-feathers-warm blooded- ectotherm-hatches from eggs

MAMMAL

-carry babies and feed them milk-well developed brain-ectotherm-hair-bats are mammals not birds

King

Philip

Came

Over

For

Good

Spaghetti