lp surveying-i iii sem civil_2

Lecture Plan-1

Faculty:-Prof. Mrs. N. Soundarya Semester:-III Class: - C.E. Course Code:-CE -207-F

Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- I Fundamental Principals of Surveying Section-A

S.

No.

Topic :-Definition, Objects, Classification, Fundamental Principles, Methods of

Fixing Stations

Time

Allotted:-

1.

A brief introduction on the Definition and Objective of Surveying

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.

2 Division of the Topic

Classifications of Survey- Based on nature of field, Based on Objective, Based on

Methods employed, Based on instruments used

Land Survey-Topographical, Cadastral, City, Engineering

Fundamental Principles of Surveying- To work from Whole to Part, To fix the

Positions of new Stations from Linear and Angular Measurements

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above – mentioned topics

4 Question / Answer

Define Surveying. What are its objectives?

Enumerate the Classifications of Survey.

What are the Fundamental Principles of Surveying?

Assignment to be given:- Q1.Write a Brief Note on the Fundamental Principals of Surveying.

Reference Readings:- 1. Surveying and Levelling-I- T.P. Kanetkar

2. Surveying and Levelling-I- B.C. Punmia

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Lecture Plan-2


Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- II Measurement of Distances Section-A

S.

No.

Topic :-Direct Measurement, Instruments for measuring distance, Instruments

for marking Stations

Time

Allotted:-

1.

A brief Introduction on main methods of determining distance

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Direct Measurement- Pacing, Passometer, Pedometer, Odometer, Speedometer,

Perambulator, Judging Distance, Time Measurement and Chaining

Instruments for measuring Distance- Types of Chains and Tapes

Instruments for marking Stations- Pegs, Ranging Rods, Offset Rods, Laths, Whites,

Plumb Bob

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above-mentioned topics.

4 Question / Answer

Name the different methods of Direct Measurement.

What are the different types of Chains?

What are the different instruments for marking stations?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Describe the different kinds of Chains commonly used in Surveying stating

the special advantage of each. Draw the sketch of Metric Chain.

Q2. Enumerate the different types of instruments for marking stations. Explain

Ranging Rods or Ranging Poles with sketch/



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S. No. Topic :- Ranging out Survey Lines, Chaining a Line, Examples on Correction of

Distance and Area,

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of Direct Ranging and Indirect Ranging

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Chaining of a Line- Duties of a Leader and Follower.

Unfolding, Folding and Reading of Chain

Examples on Corrections of Distance and Area.

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above mentioned topics

4 Question / Answer

What are the duties of a Leader and a Follower?

The length of a line measured with a 20m chain was found to be 634.4m. It was

afterwards found that the chain was 0.05m too long. Find the true length of the line.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. The length of a line measured with a Gunter’s chain was found to be 5000

links. If the chain was 0.2 link too short, find the true length of the line.

Q2. The distance between two stations was measured with a 20m chain and

found to be 1000m. The same distance was measured with a 30m chain and

found to be 996.17m. If the 20m chain was 0.05m too short, what was the error

in the 30m chain?

Q3. An Engineer’s chain was found to be 7.5cm too long after chaining 120m.

It was found to be 15cm too long at the end of the day’s work, after chaining a

total distance of 210m. If the chain was correct before the commencement of

chaining, find the true distance.

Q4. The plan of an old survey plotted to a scale of 10m to 1cm was found to

have shrunk so that a line originally 10cm long was found to measure 9.8cm.

There was also a note on the plan that the 30m chain used in the survey was

0.03m too short. If the area of the plan measured now with a planimeter is

96.04 cm2, determine the true area of the survey.



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S.

No. Topic :- Errors in Chaining, Mistakes in Chaining, Tape Corrections

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the types of Errors in Chaining

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Compensating Errors

Cumulative Errors- Positive and Negative

Mistakes in Chaining

Tape Corrections for:- Absolute Length, Temperature, Tension or Pull, Sag, Slope

or Vertical Alignment

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above mentioned topics.

4 Question / Answer

Enumerate the Compensating and Cumulative Errors. What are the mistakes in

Chaining?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain the types of Errors in Chaining.

Q2. What are the mistakes in Chaining?



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S.

No. Topic :- Tape Corrections Examples

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the different types of Tape Corrections

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Tape Corrections for:- Absolute Length, Temperature, Tension or Pull, Sag, Slope

or Vertical Alignment

Numerical on Tape Correction

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

A 50m tape is suspended between the ends under a pull of 150N. The mass of the

tape is 1.52Kg. Find the corrected length of the tape.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. A line was measured on a rising gradient of 1 to 10 and found to be

313.5m. It was afterwards found that the 30m chain was 5cm too long. Find the

correct length of the line.

Q2. A steel tape was exactly 30m long at 18°C when supported throughout its

length under a pull of 80N. A line was measured with a tape under a pull of

120N and found to be 801m. The mean temperature during the measurement

was 26°C. Assuming the tape to be supported at every 30m, compute the true

length of the line, given that the cross-sectional area of the tape=0.04 cm2, the

mass density of steel is 0.0077 kg/cm3, the coefficient of expansion=

0.0000117 per °C and the modulus of elasticity=21x106 N/cm

2.



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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- III Compass and Chain Traversing Section-B

S.

No.

Topic :- Methods of Traversing, Instruments for Measurement of Angles,

Bearings of Angles

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the main methods of determining direction of the survey

lines(Traversing)

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Main methods of Traversing:- by Chain Angles, By the Free or Loose Needle

Method, Fast Needle Method, Measurement of Angles between Successive Lines

Instruments for measurement of angles- Prismatic Compass, Surveyor’s Compass

Types of Bearings of Survey Lines

Designation of Bearings- Whole Circle Bearing (W.C.B.) and Reduced Bearing

(R.B.), Fore Bearing and Back Bearing, Relations between W.C.B. and R.B.

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

What are the different methods of Traversing?

Name the two Compass commonly used for measurement of bearing.

Convert the W.C.B. to R.B.: (i) 132°12´ (ii) 236° 37´

Convert the R.B. to W.C.B.: (i) S 28°14´ E (ii) N 58°24´ W

The Bearing of a line AB is 152°20´ and the angle ABC is 124°38´. What is the

bearing of BC?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain the different methods of Traversing with sketches.

Q2. Explain the salient features of Prismatic and Surveyor’s Compass.

Q3. The following Fore Bearings (F.B.) and Back Bearings (B.B.) were

observed in running a compass traverse:

(i) AB- F.B. 45°15´ B.B.- 225°15´ (ii) BC-F.B. 123°15´ B.B- 303°15´ (iii)

CD- F.B. 181°0´ B.B. 1°0´ (iv) DA- F.B. 289°30´ B.B.

109°30´.Calculate the interior angles of the traverse.



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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- III Compass and Chain Traversing Section-B

S.

No. Topic :- Local Attraction, Examples

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the definition of Local Attraction.

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Reasons of Local Attraction

Examples on Local Attraction

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Define Local Attraction. What are the reasons of it?

Following are the bearings taken on a closed Compass Traverse:

Line Fore Bearing Back Bearing

BC 124° 30´ 303° 15´

CD 181° 0´ 1° 0´

DA 289° 30´ 108° 45´ At what stations do you suspect Local Attraction? Find the Corrected Bearings of

the Lines.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Below are the bearings observed in Traversing with a compass in place

where Local Attraction is suspected.

A

t

w

h

a

At stations do you suspect Local Attraction? Find the Corrected Bearings of the

lines. Also compute the internal angles of the traverse.



LINE FORE BEARING BACK BEARING

BC 39° 30´ 222° 30´

CD 22° 15´ 201° 0´

DE 242° 45´ 62° 45´

EA 330° 15´ 147° 15´

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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- IV Levelling Section-B

S. No. Topic :- Definition of terms used in Levelling, types of levels and staff,

temporary adjustment of levels

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the definition and Purpose of Levelling

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Important terms used in Levelling

Parallax

Instruments to determine the Elevations of Points

Temporary Adjustments of a Level- Setting up of Level, Focusing the Eye-Piece and

Object Glass

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Define the following terms used in Levelling:- Horizontal Plane & line, Vertical

Plane & Line, Bench Mark, Reduced Level, Line of Collimation, Axis of Bubble

Tube, Back Sight, Fore Sight and Change Point

What is Parallax? How it can be removed?

Assignment to be given:- Q1.Define the following terma used in Levelling:- (a) Bench Mark, (b)

Reduced Level (c) Line of Collimation (d) Axis of Bubble Tube (e) Back Sight

(f) Fore Sight and (g) Change Point

Q2. What is Parallax? How it can be completely eliminated?

Q3. Explain the operations performed for Temporary Adjustment of a Level.



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S. No. Topic :- Principles of leveling, Reduction of Levels, Booking of Staff Readings,

Examples

Time

Allotted:-

1. Introduction

A brief introduction of the Principles of Leveling- Simple and Differential

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Classification of Levelling

Reduction of Levels- The Collimation System, The Rise and Fall System

Comparison of the two systems

Booking of Staff Readings

Arithmetical check of the two systems

Examples on each System.

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above-mentioned topics

4 Question / Answer

The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and 4m staff on

continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 30m. 0.780 ON A, 1.535, 1.955,

2.430, 2.985, 3.480, 1.155, 1.960, 2.365, 3.640, 0.935, 1.045, 1.630 and 2.545. ON B.

The Reduced Level of the first point was 180.750. Rule out a page of a Level Field

Book and enter the above readings. Calculate the reduced level of the points by

Collimation method and also the gradient of the line joining first and last points.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and 4m staff

on continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 30m. 0.585 on A,

0.936, 1.953, 2.846, 3.644, 3.938, 0.962, 1.035, 1.689, 2.534, 3.844, 0.956,

1.579, 3.016 on B. The Reduced Level of the first point was 520.450. Rule out

a page of a Level Field Book and enter the above readings. Calculate the

reduced level of the points by Collimation method and also the gradient of the

line joining first and last points.

Q2. The following consecutive readings were taken with a Dumpy Level. 3.864, 3.346, 2.932, 1.952, 0.854, 3.796, 2.639, 1.542, 1.934, 0.864, 0.665. The

level was shifted after the fifth and the eighth readings. The first reading was

taken on the B.M. of R.L. 150.250. Calculate the Reduced Levels of the

Change Points using Rise and Fall method and the difference of Level between

the first and last points.



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S. No. Topic :- Contouring, Characteristics of Contour Lines Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction of Contouring- Definition, Contour interval, Horizontal

Equivalent

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Characteristics of Contour Lines

Uses of Contours

.

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Define the following terms: (a) Contour Line (b) Horizontal Equivalent (c) Contour

Interval

What are the uses of Contour Maps?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Define the following Terms:- (a) Contour Line (b) Horizontal Equivalent

(c) Contour Interval

Q2. Write the characteristics and Use of Contour Maps



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S.

No. Topic :- Locating Contours, Interpolation of Contours

Time

Allotted:-

1. Introduction

A brief introduction of the methods of calculation of Volume of Earth Works

5

35

5

5


Locating Contours- Direct Method (Method of Radial Lines) , Indirect Method (By

Cross-Sections, By Squares, By Tacheometric Method)

Interpolation of Contours (By Estimation, By Arithmetical Calculation, By Graphical

Method)

.

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the different methods of locating contours?

Q2. What do you understand by interpolation of contours?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain any one direct method and any one of the indirect methods of

locating contours.

Q2. What do you understand by interpolation of contours? Describe any one

method of interpolation.



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S.

No. Topic :- Calculations of Volume of Earth Works by means of Contour Lines

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the different methods for calculations of volume of Earth

works

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Prismatic method

Trapezoidal method

Examples

3. Conclusion

A brief Summary of the above-mentioned topics

4 Question / Answer

A Road at a constant R.L. 160.00 runs from North to South. The ground from East

to West is Level. The ground levels along the centre-line of the road are as follows:

Chainage 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Ground R.L. 157.60 158.20 158.80 157.90 158.50 159.10 159.40

Find the Volume of the embankment in m3 for a road 7.2m wide at formation level

with side slopes 1.5 to 1.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. A ROAD AT A CONSTANT R.L. OF 180.00 RUNS FROM NORTH TO

SOUTH. THE GROUND FROM EAST TO WEST IS LEVEL. THE SURFACE LEVELS ALONG THE

CENTRE LINE OF THE ROAD ARE AS FOLLOWS:

CHAINAGE IN m: 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

LEVEL IN m: 183.5 182.45 182.15 181.55 180.95 182.05 180.80

COMPUTE THE VOLUME OF CUTTING, GIVEN THAT THE WIDTH AT FORMATION LEVEL IS 8m

AND THE SIDE SLOPES 1.5 TO 1.

Q2. A ROAD EMBANKMENT 6m WIDE AT FORMATION LEVEL WITH

SIDE SLOPES 2 TO 1 AND WITH AN AVERAGE HEIGHT OF BANK OF 2.4m IS CONSTRUCTED

WITH AN AVERAGE GRADIENT OF 1 IN 50 FROM 60m CONTOUR TO 204m CONTOUR. FIND (a)

LENGTH OF THE ROAD IN km. (b) THE VOLUME OF THE EMBANKMENT IN m3.



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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- V Theodolite and Theodolite Traversing Section-C

S.

No. Topic :- Theodolites, Temporary Adjustment of Theodolite

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of Theodolites-definition, use and purpose

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Components of a Theodolite- Levelling Head, The Two Spindles, The Lower Plate,

The Upper Plate, The Level Tubes, The Standards, The Compass, The Telescope,

The Vertical Circle, The Index Bar.

Temporary Adjustments of Theodolite- Setting up to a Theodolite over a station,

Levelling up, Elimination of Parallax- by focusing the Eye-piece and by focusing the

Object Glass.

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

What is the use and purpose of a Theodolite?

What are the main components of a transit Theodolite?

How the temporary adjustment of a Theodolite is done?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Define a Theodolite. What is the use and the purpose of a Theodolite?

Q2. What are the main components of a transit Theodolite?

Q3. Explain the methods of the Temporary Adjustments of a Theodolite?



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S.

No. Topic :- Measurement of Angles, Repetition and Reiteration Method

Time

Allotted:-

1. Introduction

A brief introduction of the measurement of angles by a Theodolite

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Measurement of Angles- Method of measuring a horizontal angle by a Theodolite

To measure a horizontal angle by Repetition

Errors that are eliminated in the method of Repetition

To measure horizontal angles by Reiteration

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Explain in brief how the horizontal angles are measured by a Theodolite?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain the Method of Repetition to measure a horizontal angle by a

Theodolite. What are the Errors that are eliminated in this process?

Q2. Explain the method of Reiteration to measure a horizontal angle by a

Theodolite. How is it different from the method of Repetition?



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S. No.

Topic :- Traverse Survey with the Theodolite, Checks in Closed Traverse in

Surveying, Checks in Open Traverse in Surveying, Adjustment of Closed

Traverse.

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction of the methods of determination of relative direction of the lines

of a Traverse.

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Checks in Closed Traverse in Surveying- (1) Check on Angular Measurement- (a)

Traverse by Included Angles (b) Traverse by Deflection Angles (c) Traverse by direct

observation of bearings (2) Check on Linear Measurement

Checks in Open Traverse in Surveying

Adjustment of Closed Traverse- Error of Closure, Distribution of Angular Error,

Adjustment of Bearings

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the checks in a closed traverse?

Q2. How the closing error is distributed in a closed traverse?

Assignment to be given:- Q1.Discuss the Checks on Linear Measurement and Angular Measurement in

Closed Traverse in Surveying?

Q2. How the closing error is distributed in a closed traverse? Explain.



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S.

No.

Topic : Special Features of Modern Theodolites, Optical readings Theodolite,

Electronic Theodolite

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of the various types of Theodolites

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Transit Theodolite

Optical Reading Theodolite- Special Features

Zeiss Th2 Theodolite, Wild T2 Universal Theodolite, Gyro Theodolite, Electronic

Theodolite

3.

Conclusion

A brief summary of the above mentioned topics

4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the different types of Theodolites?

Q2. Explain the special features of Electronic Theodolite.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. What are the various types of Theodolites? Explain the special features of

Optical Reading Theodolite.

Q2. Explain the use and working of an Electronic Theodolite.



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S.

No. Topic :- Examples on Theodolite Traversing

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction of Traversing with Theodolite

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Numerical Examples of Theodolite Traversing

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

1. FROM THE FOLLOWING DATA, CALCULATE THE DEFLECTION

ANGLES AND THE BEARINGS OF BC, DC AND DE.

BEARING OF AB= 112° 24’ 20”

INCLUDED ANGLE ABC= 122° 30’ 10”

INCLUDED ANGLE BCD= 148° 10’ 40”

INCLUDED ANGLE CDE= 98° 12’ 50”

2. FOLLOWING ARE THE LENGTHS AND BEARINGS OF A

TRAVERSE ABCD. CALCULATE THE LENGTH AND BEARING OF THE

LINE DA.

LINE LENGTH IN m BEARINGS

AB 248 30°

BC 320 140°

CD 180 210°

Assignment to be given: Q2. FOR A CLOSED TRAVERSE ABCDE, THE LENGTH AND THE BEARINGS OF

LINES WERE MEASURED WITH TAPE AND THEODOLITE AS FOLLOWS. COMPUTE THE CONSECUTIVE

COORDINATES AND CLOSING ERROR. ADJUST THE COORDINATES.

LINE LENGTH (m) BEARING

AB 365 N 30° 40’ W

BC 205 N 35° 0’ E

CD 160 S 25° 15’ E

DE 197 S 56° 50’ E

EA 275 S 35° 50’ W



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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- VI Plane Table Surveying Section-C

S.

No.

Topic :- Plane Table, Advantage and Disadvantages of Plane Table Surveying,

Operations in Orienting the Plane Table

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of definition of Plane Table Surveying

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Accessories used in Plane Table Surveying- Drawing Board Mounted on a Tripod,

Alidade, Trough compass, Plumbing Fork or U Frame with a Plumb Bob, Water-

Proof Cover, Paper, Pencil, Eraser, Scale, Pins Etc.

Advantages of Plane Tabling

Disadvantages of Plane Tabling

Operations in Setting up the Plane Table,

Operations in Orienting the Table- by Magnetic Needle and by Backsighting

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Define Plane Table Surveying. What are the accessories used in Plane Table

Surveying?

Q2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Plane Table Surveying?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Plane Table Surveying?

Q2. Explain the different methods of Orientation of Plane Table.

Q3. Define Plane Table Surveying. What are the accessories used in a Plane

Table Surveying?



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S. No. Topic :- Methods of Plane Table Surveying Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction of different methods of Plane Table Surveying.

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Methods of Plane Table Surveying- (i) Radiation (ii) Intersection (iii) Traversing (iv)

Resection-Cases of Resection.

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the different methods of Plane Table Surveying?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain the different methods of Plane Table Surveying with sketches.



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S.

No. Topic :- Two Point Problem and Three Point Problem

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of two cases of method of resection

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Solution of Two point Problem

Solution of Three Point Problem- Mechanical method, Graphical Method, Trial and

Error Method

Lehmann’s Rule for locating the position of station on sheet

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

What is the solution of Two Point Problem?

Assignment to be given:- Q1.Give the statement of Two Point Problem in Plane Table Surveying?. How

it can be solved? Explain with neat sketch.

Q2. Give the statement of Three Point Problem in Plane Table Surveying.

Explain the solution by any one of the methods.



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Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- VII Tacheometry Section-D

S.

No. Topic :– Uses of Tacheometry, Principle of Tacheometric Surveying

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of definition of Tacheometry

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Tacheometry- Definition and Objective

Instruments used in Tacheometry

Essential characteristics of a Tacheometer

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Define Tacheometry. What is its objective?

Q2. What are the instruments used in Tacheometry?

Q3. What are the essential characteristics of a Tacheometer?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Define Tacheometry. What is the objective of Tacheometry?

Q2. Name the instruments used in Tacheometry and discuss their salient

features.

Q3. Explain the essential characteristics of a Tacheometer.



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S. No. Topic : Tacheometry methods, Principle of Tacheometry methods Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction to Tacheometry methods

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Tacheometry methods

Principle of Tacheometry methods- (i) Fixed Hair method (ii) Movable Hair method

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the divisions of Tacheometry methods?

Q2. What is the difference between Fixed Hair method and Movable Hair method?

Assignment to be given:- Q1.What are the main divisions of Tacheometry methods?

Q2. Explain Fixed Hair Method and Movable Hair Method in Stadia Method.



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S.

No. Topic :- Determination of Distance and Elevation by Stadia Method

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of Calculation of Distance and Elevation by Tacheometry

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Determination of Distance and Elevation by Stadia Method

Case-I When the line of Collimation or Sight is horizontal and staff is held vertically

Case-II When the line of Collimation or Sight is inclined to the horizontal and the

staff is held vertically (When the observed angle is an angle of elevation or

depression)

Case III- When the line of Collimation or Sight is inclined to the horizontal and

Staff is held normal to the Line of Collimation (When the observed angle is an angle

of elevation or depression)

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above-mentioned topic

4 Question / Answer

Q1. How the Distance and Elevation is calculated for the case of inclined line of

sight and staff held vertical as well as normal?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Derive an expression for the Distance D of a vertical Staff from a

Tacheometer, if the line of sight of telescope is horizontal and Staff held

vertical/

Q2. Write the expression for the Distance D of a vertical Staff from a

Tacheometer and Elevation of the Staff Station when the observed angle is an

angle of elevation as well as for the angle of depression.

Q3. Write the expression for the Distance D of a normal Staff from a

Tacheometer and Elevation of the Staff Station when the observed angle is an

angle of elevation as well as for the angle of depression.



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S. No. Topic :- Tangential Method, Constants of a Tacheometer Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction on Tangential Method of Tacheometry

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Tangential Method-

Case-I When both the observed angles are angles of elevation

Case-II When both the observed angles are angles of depression

Case-III When one of the observed angles is an angle of elevation and the other angle

an angle of depression

Disadvantages of tangential method

Determinations of constants of a Tacheometer

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. How the Tacheometric constants are determined?

Q2. Write the expression for determination of distance between instrument and Staff

station and elevation of Staff station by Tangential Method for each of the cases.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. How the Multiplicative constant and Additive constant of a Tacheometer

are determined?

Q2. Write the expression for determination of distance between instrument and

Staff station and Elevation of the Staff station by Tangential method when (i)

both the angles are angles of elevation (ii) both the angles are angles of

depression and (ii) when one of the observed angles is an angle of elevation and

the other angle an angle of depression.

Reference Readings:- 1. Surveying and Levelling-II- T.P. Kanetkar

2. Surveying and Levelling-II- B.C. Punmia

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Lecture Plan -25 Faculty:-Prof. Mrs. N. Soundarya Semester:-III Class: - C.E. Course Code:-CE -207-F


S.

No.

Topic :-Examples on determination of Distance and Elevation by Tacheometric

methods

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction on determination of distance and elevation by Stadia and

Tangential methods

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Numerical1: To determine the constant multiplier of a Tacheometer.

Numerical2: Determination of Distance and Elevation of Staff station when line of

sight is horizontal and staff is held vertical.

Numerical3: Determination of Distance and Elevation of Staff station when line of

sight is inclined and staff held vertical.

Numerical4: Determination of distance and Elevation of Staff station by Tangential

method

3. Conclusion

A brief summary of the above-mentioned topic

4 Question / Answer

Q1. To determine the constant multiplier of a Tacheometer, the following

observations were taken on a Staff held vertically at distances measured from the

instrument.

Observation Horizontal distance Vertical angle Stadia Reading

1 60 0°0’ 0.835, 1.425

2 120 1°15’ 1.140, 2.345

3 180 1°14’ 1.250, 2.950

Find the mean value of the constant, given that the additive constant was 0.25m

Assignment to be given:- Q1. To determine the constant multiplier of a Tacheometer, the following

observations were taken on a Staff held vertically at distances measured from the instrument.

Observation Horizontal distance Vertical angle Stadia Reading

1 60 0°0’ 0.835, 1.425

2 120 1°15’ 1.140, 2.345

3 180 1°14’ 1.250, 2.950

Find the mean value of the constant, given that the additive constant was 0.25m

Q2. A Staff was held vertically at distances of 45m and 120m from the centre of a Theodolite fitted with

Stadia hairs and the staff intercepts with the telescope horizontal were 0.447 and 1.193 respectively. The

instrument was then set over station P of R.L. 500.25m and the height of the instrument was 1.45m. The hair

readings on a staff held vertically at station Q were 1.20, 1.93 and 2.66m while the vertical angle was -9°30.

Find the distance PQ and R.L. of Q.

Q3. A Tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens was used to observe the following. The value of the constant

was 100 and the staff was held vertically determine the length and gradient of AB.

From To Bearing Vertical Angle Hair Readings

C A 320° +12°0’ 0.906, 1.721, 2.550

C B 50° +10°0’ 0.744, 2.199, 3.654

Q4. Two observations are taken upon a vertical staff by means of a Theodolite, the R.L. of its trunnion axis

being 160.95.In the case of the first, the angle of elevation was 4°36’ and the staff reading 0.75. In the case of

second observation, the staff reading was 3.45 and the angle of elevation 5°48’.Calculate the R.L. of staff

station and its distance from instrument.



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Lecture Plan -26


Subject: Surveying-I Unit:- VIII Curves Section-D

S. No. Topic :- Classification of Curves, Elements of Simple Circular Curve Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction on the Types of Curves

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Classification of curves: Simple Curve, Compound Curve, Reverse Curve

Elements of Simple Circular curve- Tangent Length, Length of Long Chord, Length

of the curve, Apex Distance, Versine of the curve

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Define different types of curves.

Q2. Give the expression of the following elements of a simple circular curve:

(a) Tangent Length

(b) Length of the circular curve

(c) Length of the long chord

(d) Versine of the curve

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Define Simple, Compound and Reverse Curve.

Q2. Give the expression of the following elements of a simple circular curve

with a neat sketch:

(a) Tangent length

(b) Length of the Long Chord

(c) Length of the circular curve

(d) Versine of the curve



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Lecture Plan -27



S.

No.

Topic : Location of Tangent Points- Chain and Tape methods, instrumental

methods

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of different methods of location of tangent points

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Location of Tangent Points-

Chain and Tape methods- (a) by offset or ordinates from the long chord (b) by

successive bisection of arcs (c) by offsets from the tangents (d) by offsets from

chords produced

Instrumental methods- Rankine’s method of Tangential angles

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Write the expression of offsets from the long chord if Radius and Length of

long chord is given.

Q2. Explain the Rankine’s method of Tangential angles for setting out the simple

curve.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Explain the method of location of Tangent Points by offset or ordinates

from the long chord with a neat sketch.

Q2. Explain the Rankine’s method of Tangential angles for location of Tangent

points with a neat sketch. What is the check in this method?



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Lecture Plan -28



S.

No. Topic: - Examples of Simple Curves

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A Brief introduction of different methods to solve the problem of location of

Tangent points

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Numerical 1: Calculation of Ordinates of a Circular Curve by Offset from Long

Chord.

Numerical 2: Calculation of the offsets of a Circular curve by offset from the

Tangent .

Numerical3: Calculation of all the data necessary for setting out a curve by

Rankine’s method of deflection angles.

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Calculate the ordinates at 7.5m intervals for a circular curve, given that the

length of the long chord is 60m and the radius 180m.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. Calculate the ordinates at 7.5m intervals for a circular curve, given that the

length of the long chord is 60m and the radius 180m.

Q2. Calculate the offsets at 15m intervals along the tangents to locate the curve

having a radius of 360m.

Q3. Two tangents intersect at Chainage 1190m, the deflection angle being 36°.

Calculate all the data necessary for setting out a curve with a radius of 300m by

deflection angles.



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Lecture Plan -29



S. No. Topic : Transition Curves, Types of Transition Curves Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of Transition Curves- definition and objective

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Advantages of a Transition Curve

Requirements of a Transition Curve

Types of the Transition Curve- Cubic Parabola, Clothoid, Lemniscates

3. Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. What are the advantages of a Transition Curve?

Q2. What are the requirements of a Transition curve?

Q3. What are the types of Transition curve?

Assignment to be given:- Q1. What are the advantages as well as requirements of a Transition curve?

Q2. What are the different types of Transition Curves? Mention salient features

of each type.



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Lecture Plan -30



S.

No. Topic: - SuperElevation, Length of Transition curve

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of SuperElevation

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Definition and Objective of SuperElevation

The Amount of SuperElevation

Length of Transition Curve- By an Arbitrary Gradient, By the Time Rate, By the

Rate of Change of Radial Acceleration

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Why SuperElevation is provided on curves?

Q2. Give the expression for length of the transition curve by rate of change of radial

acceleration.

Assignment to be given:- Q1.What are the various methods to find length of a transition curve.

Q2. Two straights on the centre-line of a proposed Railway line intersect at

2610m, the deflection angle being 46°. A circular curve with 400m radius and

transition curves are to be intersected, the latter being 90m in length. Make all

necessary calculations to set out this curve by deflection angles. Pegs are to be

set out at every 30m of continuous Chainage.



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Lecture Plan -31



S.

No. Topic :- Necessity and types of Vertical Curves

Time

Allotted:-

1.

Introduction

A brief introduction of vertical curves definition

05 Min.

35 Min.

05 Min.

05 Min.


Gradient or Grades

Types of Vertical curves

Length of the Vertical Curve- Centrifugal Effect, Sight Distances

Examoles on Vertical curves

3.

Conclusion


4 Question / Answer

Q1. Find the length of the vertical curve connecting two uniform grades of +0.8%

and -0.6% with rate of change of grade 0.1% per 30m.

Assignment to be given:- Q1. With the help of neat sketches, describe different types of Vertical curves

and Horizontal curves.

Q2. Calculate length of the vertical curve if Sight Distance= twice the length of

the vertical curve and g1=+1%, g2=-0.5%, h=1.12m.

Q3. Calculate length of the vertical curve if Sight Distance= half the length of

vertical curve and g1=1.5%, g2=-2.5%, h=1.12m.



lp surveying-i iii sem civil_2

Documents

objective of surveying

different instruments

time measurement

chaining instruments

brief summary

different types of instruments

distance types

topic chaining