lp - qd / 21/ news/ 2015 y%s ,xldfõ uq,au idka;=jrhdf.a m...
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m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞
2
<udLP - QD / 21/ News/ 2015
l%s' j' 2016 ckjd˙® 18 i∫∞ 08 fjΩu - 12 l,n
i;sm;d m;%h - msgq 16
wdishdfõ m<jk tlu lf;da,sl <ud mqj;a m;m%§mh
Y%S ,xldfõ uq,au idka;=jrhdf.a m%:u idka;=jr ux.,Hh iuruq
Y=oaOjQ cqfiajdia uqks
m%:u ux.,Hh
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh
wdrïNh - 2008 Tlaf;danr® 06 i∫∞ fld<U lf;da,sl uqøKd,h" fld<U 08' $ ≥rl;k wxlh - 2695984 / 4899611
µelaia ( 2692586 - B-fï,a [email protected]
fjí wvúh - colomboarchdiocesancatholicpress.com
m%Èmh<ud
02 02
ixialdrl .re Ydka; id.r fyÜáwdrÉÑ msh;=ud
Wreuhls;=kq
l;dj flá
f–iqf.ka<udTng
wdor”h≥fõmqf;a'''
Y=' cqfiajdia uqks m%:u ux.,Hh fï jifr®
my; i|yka wm wiydh Or®u¥; jrhdKka ms<sn|j lreKq fyd|g lshjd wjfndaOh we;s lr .kak' hg;a ú‚;jd† msmdidfjka fj,S .sh mD;=.Siska iy ,kafoaiska foaYmd,k i;=frda jQy' ,kafoa iSka ish hg;a ú‚;hkays isá lf;da,slhskg tfrysj lghq;= lf<a yq≥ wd.ñl fya;=kag jvd foaYmd,ksl fya;=ka mdol fldgf.kh' ;uka úiska M,jd y˙k ,o mD;=.Siska kej; wdl%uKh fldg ;uka hgf;a mj;sk fmfoia w;am;alr .kakehs NS;shlska ,kafoaisyq miqjQy' thg idOdrK fya;= o ;snq◊' isxy, rcq yd ,kafoaiSka úrilj isá fyhska §bÛ=re ° ñ˙ia .;a;d fia¶ hk moh o f.;=◊' t ksid isxy, rcq ;u fmr hg;a ú‚; jd°ka jQ mD;=.Siskaf.a iyh we;sj ,kafoaiska M,jd y˙;shs iel l<y' ta ielhg mdol jQ wfkla lreK jQfha ,xld-jg kq≥˙ka jQ f.dafõ mD;=.Sis n,h ;yjqrej ;sîuh' fï lreKq ksid YS% ,dxflah lf;da,slhskaf.a iyh fkdu|j ,en ;u hg;a ú‚;h mD;=.Siska w;g kej;;a m;afj;ehs ,kafoaiSyq iel l<y' ta wkqj ,kafoaiSka úiska lf;da,sl mSvkh ±äj ls%hd;aul lf<a wd.ñl fya;=kg jvd foaYmd,ksl fya;+ka mdol fldgf.kh' fun∫ m˙irhl tfårl= ke;s negΩ /,la njg YS% ,dxflah lf;da,sl m%cdj m;a jQy' wfkl=;a wd.ñl ;yxÑ mfil ;nd mQcl ixydrh ;†kau ls%hd;aul lf<a tuÛska lf;da,sl ck fldÜGdYh foaYmd,ksl jYfhka wvmK ls¯u i|yd h' ,kafoisyq th idr®:lj ls%hdjg kexjQy' oYl y;rl muK ld,hla lsis≥ mQclhl= furg lf;da,slhkaf.a wd.ñl lghq;= ls¯u i|yd fkdisáfha h' fï wjia:dfõ° Y=oaOdikh úiska fkor®,ka; rcfhka YS% ,dxflah lf;da,sl m%cdjf.a wd.ñl lghq;= bgq ls¯u i|yd mQclhka ,xldjg tùu i|yd wjir me;Sh' th o jHr®: úh' furg oyï myk ksù hk wjêhl fï miqìu ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhlska iy Y%oaOd yeÛ=ñka b†˙m;a jQfha Nd.Hj;a cqfiajdia uqks∫kah' ish wkd.; oyï fufyjr fm!oa.,sl lreKla lr.ekSug t;=ud woyia fkdlf<ah' ta wkqj wdish-dlrfha m%:u mQcl ix>h jQ Trf;da˙hdk mQcl ix>h f.dafõ msysgqùh' ta i|yd wjeis ks;Hdkql+, moku ,nd .ekSug woyia l< cqfia jdia msh;=ud ,sianka kqjr Trf;da˙hdk mQcl ix>fha jHjia:dj me;Sh' ms,smafka˙ uqks;=uka úiska frdau kqjr msys-gqjk ,o §he≥ï y,¶ hk wre;e;s Trf;da˙hdk mQcl ix>h
f.dafõ kqjr ia:dms; ls¯u" wdishdfõ tla rglska ;j rglg Or®u¥;jre imhk m%:u mQcl ix>h úh' th ia:djr mokul msysgqjd¨ msh;=ud m%:u wdishd;sl Or®u¥;jrhd f,i furgg jr®I 1687 wfm%a,a ui meñ◊fha h' fï wiydh Or®u¥;jrhd uqΩ úYajhSh lf;da,sl iNdj u uqyqK ° isá mekhg ms<s;=re foñka furg oyï myk o,ajd,Su buy;a m%d;sydr®hhls' ,kafoaiSka úiska †h;a lrk ,o mQcl ;yxÑ tf,iu mj;soa° jfrl lïlrejl= f,i o jfrl isÛkakl= f,i o fjiaj,d f.k md .ukska uqΩ †jhsk mqrd weúo hñka ieÛù isá lf;da,slhska fidhd .ksñka Tjqkg il%fïka;= ∞kh ls¯u o" iqNdrxÑh foiSu o lrñka ls;=kq ix> ia:djr miqìul msysgqjd,Sh' fï ish,a, ;=< foaj yia;h úiska fufyhjkq ,eîu w;a≥gq msh;=udf.a oyï fufyjfrys idr®:l;ajh is≥jQfha t;=ud i;= fm!oa.,sl Y=oaOjka; ±yeñ †ú fmfj;hs' ta nj uykqjr isrf.or isáh° mjd ieufok úiska fuka u isxy, rc o mila lr.;af;a h' ish oyï fufyjr ia:Sr mokul msysgqjd,Sug ;rï Y= cqfia jdia uqks∫ka ¥ror®YSh' ta ta ls;=kq ix> /ialr" wd;añl f,i fmdaIKh lr" tajd .sys kdhl;ajh u; ixúOdkh lf<ah' .sys kdhlhska §uqyqmamq¶" §wkakdú¶" §ldkslal ms,af,¶ hk kdu j,ska y∫kajd ta ta ix>hkays kdhlhska f,i m;al< w;r ie±yej;=ka o Tjqka ish kdhlhska f,i ms<s.;af;a h' Y=' cqfia jdia uqks;=uka ish oyï fiajdfõ ° lsis≥ wdldr ck fldÜGdYhlg muKla iSud fkdú◊' úfYaIfldg ohdfõ fiajdjka bgqls¯fï° lsisúfgl wd.ñl mokulska ish fiajdjka iSud fkdlf,ah' uykqjr jiq˙h jix.;h mj;soa°;a" kshx Wj≥r Wvq≥j ;ssìh°;a fmd≥ hym; m;d ishÆ ck fldÜGdYhkg fiajh lf<ah' isxy, rcqf.a fm!oa.,sl ñ;=rl= f,i b;d iómj lghq;= ls¯ug msh;=ud iu;a úh' Ydia;s%h jYfhka o ish yelshdjka uÛska ckhdg fmd≥fõ fiajh lf<ah' uykqjr rcqf.a b,a,Su m˙† mD;=.Sis ni-ska ,sheù ;snQ ffjoH .%ka:hla isxy,g m˙jr®;kh lrk ,†' ish ¥ror®YS ls%hd ms<sfj;g l†u W∞yrKhla jkafka cdfldfï f.dkaid,afjia msh;=ud idys;HlrKh iy NdId wOHhkhg fhduq ls¯uh' tuÛska foaYSh ls;=kq idys;Hdj,shla wmg Wreu lr°ug iu;a úh' §ish „ú; ld,fha° fkdl< foh urK uxplfha ° l< fkdyelsh'¶ hk úre∞j,sh fmr±˙ fldgf.k ±ä úYajdih;a" wm%;sy; ffOr®hh;a" ±yeñ †ú fmfj;;a uÛska iqúYd, oyï fufyjrla uyd Ndr;fha lkdrdys iy YS% ,xldfõ bgql< fï uyd Or®u¥;jrhdKka foú iñ∫ka fj;ska wm ,o uyÛ= ;s<sKhls' tjekakla úYaj Y=oaOjq iNdj úiska ms<s.kq ,eîula jYfhka t;=uka Y=oaOjq fojk cqjdï mdjqΩ Y=oafOda;a;u uqks;=uka úiska Nd.Hjrhg Tijkq ,eîh' Nd.Hjrhg Tijkq ,eîu hkq t;=uka ish „ú; ld,fha ° weiqrel< fmfoiays nqyquka ls¯uh' w;s W;=ï m%ekaisia iqo;=ï mshdKkaf.a ,xld.ukfha° 2015 ckjd˙ ui idka;=jrhg Tijk ,o t;=uka oeka Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u idka;=jrhd njg m;aùS ;sfí
wdor ≥fõ mqf;a fu;=ukaf.a tlu isoaOia:dkh msys-gd we;af;a l=reKe., moúfha uy.,a.uqj m%foaYfhahs' ±ka wmsg;a jkaokd .ukla hdug wfmau idka;=jrhdf.a isoaOia:dk N=óhla wmg Wreuj we;'
Tn ieug f–iq msysghs ∑
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ 03
≥j,d mq;d,d kj jifr® w`M;a mka;shlg we;=<;a fj,d ;ju jeä ojila keyefk' wÆ;a fmd;a " wÆ;a .=re;=fula fyda .=re;=ñhla' Tlafldu wÆ;a' wÆ;a wjqreoao uq, kejqï n,dfmdfrd;a;=' Tn fldÉpr jdikdjka;o@ mqoa.,sl mdi,a wereKdu wksla whg wOHdmkh;a fkdñf,a' wm bf.k .kakd ldf,° idmaamqfjka fmd;a ñ,° .kakd ´kS' TkEkï m˙yrKh l< fmd;a kshñ; ñf,ka nd.hlg ñ,° .kak mq`Mjka' yenehs wms ljqre;a leu;s kE mrK fmd;a j,g' w`M;a fmd;a j, kejqï iqj|g y˙u leu;shs' ta ksid idmamqfjka /f.k wd fmd;a lshjkafka fkdbjis,a,lska'
wjqreoao wjidfk ,enqKq fmd;a fi,a,ï lrk w;r úfõlfh° lshjkak we;s'msgljr Ø, yevjev l<dg u† wdrCId lrkjd jf.au ;udj m˙yrKh lrkjdg fmd;a ñ;=rd leu;shs'
fï jir wdrïNfha° uu leu;shs b†˙ mshjr .ekSu i|yd <ufhla yeáhg Tng foúhka jykafia fldmuK jákdlula ,n, °,d ;sfhkjdo lsh,d meye†,s lrkak' Wkajykafiaf.a f.da,fhda wykjd iajr®.fha b;d W;=ï jkafkaljqo lsh,d Wkajykafia l=vd orefjla ;uka b†˙hg le|j,d ms˙i yuqfõ ;n,d lshkafk iajr®. rdcHfha W;=ï jia;=j ta l=vd orejd njhs' tmuKla fkdfjhs tjeks l=vd orejl= fuka fjkia fkdjk lsisjl=g iajr®. rdcHhg we;=`Mjkakg ne˙ nj;a l%sia;=ka jykafia m%ldY lrkjd' Tn fld;rï Wiia ;;a;ajhg muqKqjd weoao lsjfyd;a l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a kdufhka tjeks l=vd orejl= ms<s.kafka kï th ;ukajykafia ms<s.ekSula nj;a jØrkjd'
tfiakï orejfka ±ka Tn okakjd Tfí jákdlu Tn ñ, l< fkdyels jia;=jla' tys .=Kh mdi,aiufha /l .;af;d;a muKhs l%sia;=ka jykaia wjOdrKh l< wdldrhg iajr®.fha Wreuhg ysñlï ,efnkafka' YsIHfhla" YsIHdjla jYfhka Tfí j.lSu kï mdi,a „ú;fha m˙mQr®K;ajh lrd <Ûdùuhs'
Tfí fouõmshka fukau rch o ta i|yd úYd, úhoula orkjd' ta ksid yeu flfklau ±ä wêIaGdkhlg t<ôh hq;=hs' l=ulgo @ fyd†ka bf.k .kakd njg fkdlvjd mdi,a hk njg .=rejrekag lSlreùug' W.kajk fohg fydoska weyqïlka °ug ,efnk wNHdi uÛ fkdyer iïmQQr®K lrk njg tf,iu Tfí bf.kSu fmd;m;g muKla iSud úh hq;= tlla fkdjk nj okakjdfka' wd;añl yd Yd¯˙l fomCIfhkau †hqKQq úh hq;=h'
Yd˙˙l me;a; hym;a lr .ekSug l%svdj wjYHhhs' mdif,a jf.au ksjfia°;a l%svdjg ;ekla fokak' iuyr wïu,d orejkag l%svdj ;ykï lrkjd' Tfí <ud ld,h wysñlr .kak kï tmd tf,iu mdif,a úIh ndysr lghq;= j,g iyNd.sùu w;HjYhhs' udkisl yd Yd˙¯l jYfhka ksfrda.Sùug fuu iunr;djh /l.; hq;=hs' fï i|yd Tnf.a wdydrmdk úYd, n, mEula lrk nj i|yka fkdlru neye' fï l=uk wxYhlska Tn ixjr®Okh Wk;a jevla keye' Tfn wd;añl mCIh ≥r®j, kï' ta i|yhs wOHd;añl .=K j.dj i|yd oyu Wmfhda.S lr .kafka' oyu bf.k .;a;g" weoyqjdg u†' th Tfí „ú; ;=<g lshd;aul úh hq;=hs' „j;a úh hq;=hs'
we,am%â fk,aika
<ud wfma jákdlu f;areï .ksuq
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh04
udisl is;sú,a, ch.%dyS ksr®udKh ,nk i;sfha m< flfr®
oxfldgqj nd,sld uy ú≥yf,a k;a;,a W;aijh''''''
hqoaOfha w∫re fijke,s j,g uqjdù ld,hla j,aìysù ;snq l=Épfõ,s Y=' cmud, ud;d foajia:dkh .re f–iq rfïia msh;=ukaf.a ue†y;aùfuka h<s l, t<s úh' fï jk úg oyï wOHdmkh" wu;r úIh wOHdmkh" fkajdisl /ljrKh wd° ohdfõ fiajd /ila is≥jk fuys ore ±˙hkag ;Hd. iïudk yd iy;sl m;a m%Ødkh o Tjqkaf.a k;a;,a úúO m%ix.ho moúh óiï fiajl .re leÆï vhia msh;=ukaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka miq.shØd meje;ajq◊' fuu W;aijfha° cd;sl iu.sh yd wd.ñl iy„jkh b;d by<ska †iaúh'
oxfldgqj nd,sld uy ú≥yf,a k;a;,a W;aijh y,dj; ro.=re ysñmdKkaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;ajqKs' ú≥y,am;s .re
fï˙ nr®kfo;a meúos fidhq˙hf.a uÛfmkaùu hgf;a wdpdr®h uvq,a, tlaj fuh ixúOdkh flfrks' fgla,d l,aford
pñkao rkau,a
l=Épfõ,s <fuda k;a;,a i;=g w;a ú†;s''''
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ 05
Y=oaOjka; isß,l uqksf`oa m<uqjk m%ekaisia Y=oafOda;a;u msh;=udf.a meñKsu;a Nd.Hj;a cqfia jdia uqk`sÿka ,xldfõ m%:u Y=oaOjrhdKka f,i tiù jirla imsfrk fï ld,fha§ úfYaIfhka Y=' cqfia jdia uqks`ÿka idka;=jrhg tiùfuka miq m<uq ux.f,da;aijh iurkakg iqodkï jk wm m%:ufhka foú`odKkag ;=;s mqo foñka wm wdor wfmdaia;=¿jrhdKkaf.a woaú;Sh O¾uodkSh fufyjr wmf.a Èúhg tla lr .kakg yels jk f,i m;d isáuq' fï úmru t;=uka idka;=jrhg tiùfuka miq isÿlrk ,o l%shd oduhka ms<snojh'
² fjkakmamqj fcdaYma jdia úoHd,h Yd' fcdaYma jdia úoHd,h ̃ f,i kï lsÍu'
² fld<U cqfia jdia foajO¾u ksfla;kh — Yd' cqfia jdia foajO¾u ksfla;kh ˜ f,i kï lsÍu'
² cqfia jdia uqks`ÿkaf.a cd;sl isoaOia:dkh f,i uy.,a.uqj kï lsÍu'
² hdmk moúfha mqkßka m%foaYfha wNskj foajia:dk hla wdisß .ekaùu'
² y,dj; moúfha jkd;ú,aÆj " f;ajkqjr m%foaYfha wNskj foajia:dkhla wdisß .ekaùu'
² ;%sl=Kdu,h moúfha lKsgq foõi;ay, Y=' cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlsÍu'
² uykqjr .egfò foajia:dkh wi, Y=' cqfia jdia uqksÿkaf.a Èú u. flakaølr .;a wkqiaurK fl!;=ld .drhla ia:dmkh lsÍu'
² Y=' cqfia jdia uqks;=ud ia:dmkh lrk ,o f.dafõ Trf;daßhdk ;dmidrduh h<s ms<silr fldg
wdOHd;añl wdh;khla f,i ia:dmkh lsÍu'
² f.dafõ w.ro.=re jifï kdu idka;=jrhdKka f,i
Y=' cqfia uqks`ÿkaf.a ux.,Hh cfhd;aijfhka ieuÍu'
² ueka.f,da¾ ro.=re jifï wfmdaia;=¿jrhdKka jk Y=' cqfia uqk`sÿkaf.a ux.,Hh cfhd;aijfhka ieuÍu'
wfia, oikdhl
fjkakmamqj fcdaYma jdia úoHd,h
hdmkh moúfha wdisß.eka jq kj foajia:dkh
fl!;=ld.drh újD; lsÍu'
isoaOia:dkhla f,i kï l, uy.,a.uqj
foõueÿr
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh 06
w'fmd'i' id' fm< lf;da,sl Or®uh mqk¯laIK mdvï ud,dj - 2016
.re fâñhka fmfr®rd msh;=ud
b†˙hg'''''
22' cqodnhsn,hgfmd;alSho@•39 hs'
23' kj.súiqfïfmd;a.KklSho@•27 hs'
24' kj .súiqfï fmd;a j¾.SlrKh lrkak'• iqNdrxÑfmd;a •Y='mdjq¨;=udf.a,sms• tf`âßlyiqka •t<sorõidys;H• b;sydifmd;a
25' kj .súiqfï b;sydi fmd; kï lrkak'•wfmdaia;=`Mjrekaf.al%shdfmd;
26' Y=oaOjq mdjq¨;=ud ,shk ,o yiqka m;a 13 kï lrkak'•frdau •1f;if,daksl•1fldßka;s •2f;if,daksl •2fldßka;s •1;su;s •.,d;s•2;su;s •tmSi •;S;ia•ms,smams •ms,fudka •fldf,diais
27' Æla;=ud ,shk ,o kj .súiqfï .%ka: fol kï lrkak'•ÆlaiqndrxÑh•wfmdia;=`Mjrekaf.al%shdfmd;
28' wfmdaia;=`Mjrekaf.a l%shd fmd; Æla ;=ud ms<s.kajk ,oafoa ljqrekag o@
• ;sfhdams,ia kue;s Wiia ks<Odßhl=g
29' ;sfhdams,ia hkafkys w¾:h l=ulao@•zzfoúhkajykafiaf.añ;%hdZZhkakhs'
30' b;sydi{fhla" Ñ;% Ya,amsfhla" ffjoHjrfhla jQ iqndrxÑ l;=jrhd ljqo@ •Y='Æla;=ud
31' Y=oaOjq Æla;=ud iïnkaO jQ Y=oaO jq mdjq¨;=udf.a O¾u ¥; pdßld ljf¾o@
•fojkydf;jkO¾u¥;pdßldj,g
32' wfmdia;=`Mjrekaf.a l%shd fmd; rpkd ù we;af;a flfya o@ •.%SisfhazzwlaldhZZhkaia:dkfha
33' wfmdia;=`Mjrekaf.a l%shd fmd; ,shk ,oafoa l=uk ld,fha oS o@ •l%s'j'80-90ld,fhaoS
34' kj .súiqfï uq,au .%ka:h l=ulao@ •1f;if,daksl
35' wfmdaia;=`Mjrekaf.a l%shd fmdf;a wka;¾.;h l=ulao@• zzY=oaOd;auhdKka jykafia Tn flfrys meñKs l,
Tnn,h,nkakyqh'túgTnfcrei,fuysouq`Mcqofhys yd iudßfhys o fmdf<dfõ iSudka;hka olajd udf.a idlaIsldrfhda jkakyqh'ZZ ^iqndrxÑhm%ldY lsÍfï ie,eiau&
36' iqndrxÑh hkq l=ulao@ •fÊiqial%sia;=kajykafia
37' wfmdaia;=`Mjrekaf.a l%shd fmdf;a ieleiafï mshjr y;r ,shd olajkak'
• O¾u¥;fiajhgiQodku^l%shd1&• fcrei,fuysidlaIsoeÍu^l%shd2-7&• cqofhaydiudßfhaidlaIsoeÍu^l%shd8-12&• Y=oaOjqmdjq¨;=udf.aO¾u¥;fiajh^l%shd13-28&
38' úcd;Skaf.a wfmdia;=`Mjrhd hkq ljqo@•Y=oaOjqmdjq¨;=ud
39' mdjq¨ fyj;a idjq,ag W;a:dk jQ l%sia;=ka jykafia o¾Ykh jQfha flfya oS o@ •ouialfhaoS
40' mdjq¨;=udj fn!;siau lrk ,oafoa ljqo@ •wkkshia
41' Y=oaOjq mdjq¨;=ud ,shQ yiqka .Kk lSho@ •13hs'
42' Y=oaOjq mdjq¨ ;=udf.a yiqka 13 m%Odk fldgia ;=klg j¾. l< yelsh' tajd ljf¾o@
• Y=oaOjqmdjq¨;=udúiskau,shk,oixfoaY07• oaú;Shmdjq¨ixfoaY02• wdrEVl¾;D;ajh04
43' Y=' mdjq¨;=ud úiskau ,shk ,o ixfoaY y; kï lrkak' • frdau •1fldßka;s •2fldßka;s
• .,d;s •1f;if,daksl•ms,smams • ms,fudka
44' oaú;Sh mdj¨ ixfoaY hkq ljf¾o@
•Y=oaOjqmdjq¨;=udf.awoyiafjk;awhúiskarpkdlrwe;sixfoaY"oaú;Shmdjq¨ixfoaYfõ'
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ 07
f–iqia iajdñ orefjda mQcdikh fj; jevu l<y' le|ùï y`vg Wkajykafia meñ◊ fial' úfYaI m%S;shlska meñ◊ fial' ulaksid o@ w;ayer ouk ,o ore mrï mrdfõ wd;auhka fj;g le|ùug f;dard .;a foaj fiajlhdf.a tA y`v .Kka f;d,a rdj m%;srdj l< fyhsks'
†k" udi" jr®I" .; ù .sfha h' tfy;a ld,h" –j,s; Nla;sfhka w,a;dr mäj,ska ke`.=Kq fuu mQcd m%id† ;=ukaf.a Nla;su;alfï fjkila we;s fkd flf<a h' Tyqf.a mQcdjg Woõ jQ fndfyda fokd Tyqf.a foaj Nla;sh lrKfldg –j,s; lrekq ,enQy' Tjqkaf.a weiaj, l∫Ω we;s j" is;a ys mYapd;a;dmh weú,S" Tjqyq bj; .shy' fuu Y=oaOjka;hd lsis úfgl †jH mQcdj Tmamq ls¯u wu;l fkd flf<a h' .ukd.ukhj;a ia:dkfha fyda ld,fha fyda wmyiqj;a j;a" nrm;< wikSmhl ° yer fjk lror ksidj;a" †jH mQcdj Tmamq ls¯u fkd je,elaúh yels úh' †jH mQcdj isoaO l< fkd fkdyels jQ †kfhda Tyq f.a „ú;fha ¥#L;u †kfhda jQ y' †jH i;am%idoh flfrys Tyqg ;snqKq fuu uy;a wdidj hym; ls¯ug meje;s Tyqf.a úfYauh ckl n,fha ryi meye†,s lrhs' ke;fyd;a †jH i;am%idoh –j,s; lfï W,am; nj fmkakqï lrhs'
–j,s;lfï m%:u mq,s`.= ^.sks mqmqre&
mQcd m%id†jrhl= jYfhka fuu Y=oaOjka;hdf.a Nla;s –j,s;lu wm iajdñ jQ f–iqia iajdñ orejka f.a ienE Y¯rh yd reêrh jQ †jH i;am%ido jykafiag muKla iSud fkd úh' wejqΩKd jQ fuu –j,s;lu f–iqia iajdñ orejkaf.a Or®u Y¯rhg iudk l< yels úYAjdijka;hska flfrys uqΩ n,h u fya fufyhqfha h' Or®u ¥;hl= jYfhka Tyqf.a m<uq jeks jHdhduh jQfha ;ukaf.a mdfmdÉpdrKjd†hd jq frda,kaâ lekka ;=ud urK uCoplfhys ° ;ud flfrys úYAjdih ;nd Ndr lrk ,o f–iq ì<s∫kaf.a lkHd ifydao˙hka i|yd lghq;= ls¯u h' fuu lghq;a; iM, lr
Y=oaOjQ fcdaka nemaáiaÜ † ,did,a uqks∫kaf.a „ú; l;dj§<orejka ud fj; tkakg bv y˙jq¶
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fuu .re fidfydhq˙hkaf.a ud;D ksjdih <`. u" msg; ° <ud wdrCIdj i|yd ;j;a wd.ñl muq,la mgka .ekSug f;dard .kakd ,o ;eke;a;d fuu Y=oaOjka;hdg yuq úh' o fuhsµr® (De Mayfer) kue;s Okj;a fkdakd uy;añhla ¯ïia k.fhys <ud mdie,la mgka .ekSu ms◊i ;ekla o ,d id,a ;=udf.a o f–iq ì<s∫kaf.a .re lkHd ifydao˙hkaf.a o wdOdrh b,a,ñka" ksfh,a kue;s WfoHda.su;a .syshl= iy ;j;a ;rek iyldrhl= w; ,smshla hejqjdh' lkHdrdufha f∞rgqj wi, ° Tjqka uqk .eiqKq wm Y=oaOj;a mQcl;=ud iaj,am fõ,djla Tjqka iu. idlÉPd fldg" hym; i|yd jevls¯ug we;s úYd, bv m%udKh ±l" ;udf.a jpk iajlSh „ú;fha wÆ;a hq.hla mgka .;af;ah hs is;d Bg iyfhda.h Tjqkag fok njg fmdfrdka≥ úh'
iS'weï' m%kdka≥
b†˙hg'''''
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh<ud 08 l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh
wkqrdOmqr ro.=re moúh
fmauvqj foajia:dkh - wkqrdOmqr óiu
merKs wkqrdOmqr ud¾.fha isg wkqrdOmqr Y=oaO
k.rh yryd we;s ud¾.fha lsf,daóg¾ 20la muK .sh l<
msysgd we;s fï foajia:dkh wkqrdOmqr moúfha cqfia jdia
uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s tlu foajia:dkhhs' fmauvqj
jkdys iïmq¾Kfhkau lDIsld¾ñl m%foaYhls' 2001 jif¾§
wdrïN lrk ,o fï foajia:dkh yd ta wjg m%foaYfha
lf;da,slfhda w;f,diaila fjfi;s'
hdmkh ro.=re moúh
is,a,df,hs foajia:dkh
cqfia jdia msh;=ud jir 2l ld,hla ;u O¾uÿ;sl
fufyjr wdrïN lrk ,oafoa fuys§h' tu ksid ,laÈj iNd
kfjdaofha uq,a .%duh jkafka o fï .%duhhs' ;jo furgg
fldä.i yÿkajd ÿka w;r iy t;=udKkaf.a oE;g ÈjH
ì,sodKka jevu lrk ,oafoa o fuys§h' t;=udKka ie.ù
isá ksji msysgd ;snq ia:dkfha wo fuu iaudrlh msysgd
;sfí'
hdmkh fldgqj foajia:dkh
hdmkh fldgqj iómfha we;s fuh 1997 § wdisß
.ekajQ w;r cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug hdmkh ro.=re moúh
;=< lemlr we;s fojk foajia:dkh fuu foajia:dkhhs'
uvl,mqj ro.=re moúh
úl=,dkmd;=ï foajia:dkh - ;kakuqfka óiu
ynrK - uvl,mqj ud¾.fha trdjq¾ k.rfhka
ñ,kalj,s olajd .sh úg lsf,daóg¾ 2 la muK we;ska
msysá .ïno fmfoil fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;'
uvl,mqj moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s
tlu foajia:dkh fï foajia:dkh hs'
ukakdrï ro.=re moúh uvqlrdyS cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
f;ajkams;ays cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
cqfia jdia mqrï ys cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
uykqjr ro.=re moúh
cqfia jdia uqks isoaOia:dkh - wïmsáh óiu
cd;sl foõi;ay,a ìfï ia:dms; fï isoaOia:dkh
1893 § wïmsáfha wdrïN jQ iqo;=ï msh foõi;ayf,a
foajia:dkh jkafkah' miqlf,l th wïmsáh óifï
foajia:dkh jQ w;r miqlf,l th ;,d;=Th ud¾.h
wi,g f.khk ,§' 2000 jif¾§ ro.=re iuq¿fõ
ks¾foaYh mßÈ fï foajia:dkh cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlrk ,o isoaOia:dkhla f,i ia:dms; lrk ,§'
wÆ;ajej foajia:dkh - jyfldaÜfÜ óiu
uykqjr moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr
we;s foajia:dkhla jk fuh jyfldÜfÜ ñiug wh;ah
' 1995 § cqfia jdia uqksÿka Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka miq
cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o foajia:dkhla
f,i ia:dms; lrk ,§' fï ioyd fmruqK .;af;a tjlg
jyfldaÜfÜ óiï fiajl yd j;auka rejkamqr ro.=re w;s
W;=ï la,Sgia fmf¾rd ^id' fn'ks'& ysñmdKkah'
lähkaf,k foajia:dkh - lähkaf,k óiu
uykqjr moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlr we;s tlu óiï foajia:dkh jk fuh fmr yS
;,jlef,a óiug wh;ah mej;sKs' l,la fuh oyï fiajd
uOHia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k .sh w;r 2013 jif¾§
fï oyï fiajd uOHia:dkh cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlrk ,o óiï foajia:dkhla f,i ia:dms; lrk
,§'
l=reKE., ro.=re moúh
cqfia jdia uqks isoaOia:dkh - uy.,a.uqj
uqlal¾ ckm%cdjlska fyì uy.,a.uqfõ hld
neos jej biau;af;a l%s'j' 1690 fmnrjdß udifha meñKs
cqfiajdia uqks;=ud fï ck;djg uy;a wNsfhda.hla jq
jki;=kaf.ao i¾mhskaf.a o yd Wjÿre Wfoid l¿jr,S
folla tlg joaod l=reishla ia:dm; lrk ,os' wo ia:dkh
fuh l=reKE., ro.=re jifï isoaOia:dkhls' ieu
jirlu ckjdß 14 jk Èk fuys ux.,Hh isÿlf¾'
fof<k foajia:dkh - l=,shdmsáh ñiu
l=,shdmsáh k.rfha isg lsf,daóg¾ y;rla muK
ÿßka lsßkaoj - ls;=,., foig jkakg merKs .ïno ud¾.
fha fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;' fï .%dufha lf;da,sl
ck.ykh b;d w;f,diails'
cqfia jdia uqks∫ka kug lemlr we;s foajia:dkÿkqflhdj;a; foajia:dkh - lvj,f.or óiu l=,shdmsáh - fyÜáfmd< ud¾.fha lvj,f.or
foajia:dkhg hdnoj fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;'
wdrf.dv foajia:dkh - fmd,a.yfj, óiu
l=reKE., moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s
foajia:dkhla jk fuh fmd,a.yfj, ñiug wh;ah'
1995 ckjdß 22 jk Èk tkï cqfia jdia uqksÿka
Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka miqÈku fuh lemlr wdisß
.kajd cqfia jdia uqksÿkaf.a m<uq ux.,Hh isÿlr we;'
r;akmqr ro.=re moúh
we;aTh foajia:dkh - r;akmqr óiu
r;akmqr k.rfha isg lsf,daóg¾ y;rla .sh
;ek wÆfmd; lmqre., ud¾.fha we;aTh mdi, wi,ska
jug yeÍ lsf,daóg¾ folla .sh úg fuu foajia:dkh
yuqfjhs' merKs .ïkshï miqlrñka ÿIalr ud¾.hl hd
hq;=j we;'
fjf,al=Uqqr foajia:dkh - n,xf.dv óiu
n,xf.dv k.rfha isg rdiai., ud¾.fha lsf,daóg¾
wgla f.dia ol=Kq w;g my<g úys§ we;s ud¾.
fha lsf,daóg¾ folla .sh ;ek j;=lïlre ksfjia
ueÈfldg fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;' r;akmqr moúfha
cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s m<uq foajia:dkh
jk fuh n,xf.dv ñiug wh;ah' 1996 § cqfia jdia
uqksÿka Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka jirla imsreKq miq cqfia
jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o foajia:dkhla f,i
wdYs¾jdo lrk ,§'
n`≥,a, ro.=re moúh
kuqKql=, n,af,flgqj ,laÈj cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o m%:u óiï
foajia:dkh kuqKql=, n,af,flgqj foajia:dkhhs'
fuh 2004 fmnrjdß 07 jk Èk wdisß .kajd újD;
lrk ,§'
wfia, oikdhl
miq.sh i;sfhka'''''''
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ <ud m%Èmh 09
wkqrdOmqr ro.=re moúh
fmauvqj foajia:dkh - wkqrdOmqr óiu
merKs wkqrdOmqr ud¾.fha isg wkqrdOmqr Y=oaO
k.rh yryd we;s ud¾.fha lsf,daóg¾ 20la muK .sh l<
msysgd we;s fï foajia:dkh wkqrdOmqr moúfha cqfia jdia
uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s tlu foajia:dkhhs' fmauvqj
jkdys iïmq¾Kfhkau lDIsld¾ñl m%foaYhls' 2001 jif¾§
wdrïN lrk ,o fï foajia:dkh yd ta wjg m%foaYfha
lf;da,slfhda w;f,diaila fjfi;s'
hdmkh ro.=re moúh
is,a,df,hs foajia:dkh
cqfia jdia msh;=ud jir 2l ld,hla ;u O¾uÿ;sl
fufyjr wdrïN lrk ,oafoa fuys§h' tu ksid ,laÈj iNd
kfjdaofha uq,a .%duh jkafka o fï .%duhhs' ;jo furgg
fldä.i yÿkajd ÿka w;r iy t;=udKkaf.a oE;g ÈjH
ì,sodKka jevu lrk ,oafoa o fuys§h' t;=udKka ie.ù
isá ksji msysgd ;snq ia:dkfha wo fuu iaudrlh msysgd
;sfí'
hdmkh fldgqj foajia:dkh
hdmkh fldgqj iómfha we;s fuh 1997 § wdisß
.ekajQ w;r cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug hdmkh ro.=re moúh
;=< lemlr we;s fojk foajia:dkh fuu foajia:dkhhs'
uvl,mqj ro.=re moúh
úl=,dkmd;=ï foajia:dkh - ;kakuqfka óiu
ynrK - uvl,mqj ud¾.fha trdjq¾ k.rfhka
ñ,kalj,s olajd .sh úg lsf,daóg¾ 2 la muK we;ska
msysá .ïno fmfoil fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;'
uvl,mqj moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s
tlu foajia:dkh fï foajia:dkh hs'
ukakdrï ro.=re moúh uvqlrdyS cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
f;ajkams;ays cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
cqfia jdia mqrï ys cqfia jdia foajia:dkh
uykqjr ro.=re moúh
cqfia jdia uqks isoaOia:dkh - wïmsáh óiu
cd;sl foõi;ay,a ìfï ia:dms; fï isoaOia:dkh
1893 § wïmsáfha wdrïN jQ iqo;=ï msh foõi;ayf,a
foajia:dkh jkafkah' miqlf,l th wïmsáh óifï
foajia:dkh jQ w;r miqlf,l th ;,d;=Th ud¾.h
wi,g f.khk ,§' 2000 jif¾§ ro.=re iuq¿fõ
ks¾foaYh mßÈ fï foajia:dkh cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlrk ,o isoaOia:dkhla f,i ia:dms; lrk ,§'
wÆ;ajej foajia:dkh - jyfldaÜfÜ óiu
uykqjr moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr
we;s foajia:dkhla jk fuh jyfldÜfÜ ñiug wh;ah
' 1995 § cqfia jdia uqksÿka Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka miq
cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o foajia:dkhla
f,i ia:dms; lrk ,§' fï ioyd fmruqK .;af;a tjlg
jyfldaÜfÜ óiï fiajl yd j;auka rejkamqr ro.=re w;s
W;=ï la,Sgia fmf¾rd ^id' fn'ks'& ysñmdKkah'
lähkaf,k foajia:dkh - lähkaf,k óiu
uykqjr moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlr we;s tlu óiï foajia:dkh jk fuh fmr yS
;,jlef,a óiug wh;ah mej;sKs' l,la fuh oyï fiajd
uOHia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k .sh w;r 2013 jif¾§
fï oyï fiajd uOHia:dkh cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug
lemlrk ,o óiï foajia:dkhla f,i ia:dms; lrk
,§'
l=reKE., ro.=re moúh
cqfia jdia uqks isoaOia:dkh - uy.,a.uqj
uqlal¾ ckm%cdjlska fyì uy.,a.uqfõ hld
neos jej biau;af;a l%s'j' 1690 fmnrjdß udifha meñKs
cqfiajdia uqks;=ud fï ck;djg uy;a wNsfhda.hla jq
jki;=kaf.ao i¾mhskaf.a o yd Wjÿre Wfoid l¿jr,S
folla tlg joaod l=reishla ia:dm; lrk ,os' wo ia:dkh
fuh l=reKE., ro.=re jifï isoaOia:dkhls' ieu
jirlu ckjdß 14 jk Èk fuys ux.,Hh isÿlf¾'
fof<k foajia:dkh - l=,shdmsáh ñiu
l=,shdmsáh k.rfha isg lsf,daóg¾ y;rla muK
ÿßka lsßkaoj - ls;=,., foig jkakg merKs .ïno ud¾.
fha fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;' fï .%dufha lf;da,sl
ck.ykh b;d w;f,diails'
cqfia jdia uqks∫ka kug lemlr we;s foajia:dkÿkqflhdj;a; foajia:dkh - lvj,f.or óiu l=,shdmsáh - fyÜáfmd< ud¾.fha lvj,f.or
foajia:dkhg hdnoj fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;'
wdrf.dv foajia:dkh - fmd,a.yfj, óiu
l=reKE., moúfha cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s
foajia:dkhla jk fuh fmd,a.yfj, ñiug wh;ah'
1995 ckjdß 22 jk Èk tkï cqfia jdia uqksÿka
Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka miqÈku fuh lemlr wdisß
.kajd cqfia jdia uqksÿkaf.a m<uq ux.,Hh isÿlr we;'
r;akmqr ro.=re moúh
we;aTh foajia:dkh - r;akmqr óiu
r;akmqr k.rfha isg lsf,daóg¾ y;rla .sh
;ek wÆfmd; lmqre., ud¾.fha we;aTh mdi, wi,ska
jug yeÍ lsf,daóg¾ folla .sh úg fuu foajia:dkh
yuqfjhs' merKs .ïkshï miqlrñka ÿIalr ud¾.hl hd
hq;=j we;'
fjf,al=Uqqr foajia:dkh - n,xf.dv óiu
n,xf.dv k.rfha isg rdiai., ud¾.fha lsf,daóg¾
wgla f.dia ol=Kq w;g my<g úys§ we;s ud¾.
fha lsf,daóg¾ folla .sh ;ek j;=lïlre ksfjia
ueÈfldg fï foajia:dkh msysgd we;' r;akmqr moúfha
cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlr we;s m<uq foajia:dkh
jk fuh n,xf.dv ñiug wh;ah' 1996 § cqfia jdia
uqksÿka Nd.Hjrhg tiùfuka jirla imsreKq miq cqfia
jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o foajia:dkhla f,i
wdYs¾jdo lrk ,§'
n`≥,a, ro.=re moúh
kuqKql=, n,af,flgqj ,laÈj cqfia jdia uqksÿka kug lemlrk ,o m%:u óiï
foajia:dkh kuqKql=, n,af,flgqj foajia:dkhhs'
fuh 2004 fmnrjdß 07 jk Èk wdisß .kajd újD;
lrk ,§'
wfia, oikdhl
miq.sh i;sfhka'''''''
10
j;auka ro.=re ysñ ( w;s W;=ï úkaiagka m%kdkaÿ ^È'i'ks& ysñmdfKda
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh
Ú Y=oaOjq iNdfõ w;s m˙Y=oaO
hq;=lï( W;aijY%Sfhka foaj
jkaokdj meje;aùu
Ú m%ido ksOdk i; kï ( m%ido
iakdmkh" wNsjDê wdf,amh"
†jH i;am%idoh" mdfmdÉpdrKh"
frda.Skaf.a wdf,am ls¯u" mqcd;ajrh" iy wdYsr®jdo
ldr nkaOkhhs'
Ú m%ido ksOdkhla ùug wjYHh lreKqkï( ndysr
,CIKho" wNHka;r jrm%ido o" f–iqia jykafia
úiska ia:dmkh lrekq ,eîu;ah'
Ú wdYsr®jdo ls¯fï°;a iy lem ls¯fï°;a Y=oaOjq
iNdj foúhka jykafiaf.ka wh†kqfha( wd;aufha
iy Y¯rfha hym;;a" ≥IaG wd;auhkaf.aka
wdrCIdj;ah'
Ú Y=oaOjq iNdj iajlSh md,kh bgqlrkafka ( l%sia;=
Nla;sl „ú;hla .; ls¯ug uÛ fmkaùuh'
Ú .e,ùfï taldhk ur®.h hkq( th l%sia;= ;=uka
uÛska ñksiqkaf.a .e,ùfï wdêm;Hh;a" udr®.
h;a ,eîuh'
Ú u˙h ;=ñh fuf,dj „ú;h wjidkfha° uysu
m%;dmhg m;alrkq ,enqfha( wd;au Y¯r msáka
iajr®.hg tiùfuks'
Ú m%ido iakdmkh ,eìh hq;=hhs kshu ls¯fï° f–iqia
jykafia m%ldY lf<a( zziajr®.hgo" N+ñhg o
ish`M n,hgu fok ,oafoah tneúka Tn ish`M
fokd f.dia mshdKkaf.;a" mq;%hdKkaf.a;a"
Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a kduhg iakdmkh lrñka
il, cd;Ska Y%djlhska lrkakZZ
Ú m%ido iakdmkh ,nd.kakg iqØkï jk whl= l<
hq;af;a ( hCIhd" m%;slafIam ls¯u" f–iqia jykafia
flfrys úYajdils¯u iy l%sia;= Nla;slhl= f,i
„j;a ùug;a" ñhhdug;a fmdfrdka≥ ùu;ah'
oyï ±kqu
cQâ f–' m%kdJ≥ udud
lsUq,dmsáh Ær®≥ ud;d oyï mdif,a orejka jdr®ISl ;Hd.m%Øfkda;aijh fjkqfjka jir mqrd tl;= l< ish`M uqo,a ;u ifydaor isiqjl=f.a ie;alula i|yd m˙;Hd. lf<a ienE ls;=kqlu ukdj biau;= lrñks tu m˙;Hd.h l< <uqkaf.a is;a i;=gq lrñka óiï fiajl .re' wfíis˙jr®Ok msh;=ud oyï mdi,a uÜgñka .jf,ka ;rÛhla iy pdï lefrd,a m%ix.hla meje;aúh' wmf;a hk øjH Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka uy;a m˙Y%uhlska .jf,ka idØ Tjqka k;a;f,a i;=g fnØ.;a w;r fuys° .re msh;=uka fudjqka wu;d zzf–iqia jykafia ;u †úh wka wh fjkqfjka m˙;Hd. l<d' ;j;a „ú;hla fírd .ekSug ;u i;=g lem l,d' Tn;a wo ienE f–iq wkq.dñlfhla ZZhehs mjiñka fudjqkaj we.hSug ,laflfrks'
fiahd $igyk ( iafgµks m%kdka≥
zzckjd˙ udih¶ <ud m%°mh" wxl 02"
«kdr®: m%°mh udj;" fld<U 08'
udisl is;sú,a,
is;sú,a,udisl
Ñ;% msgqj
mqxÑ wfmafiahd (- Y%Shdx.◊ µs,sIshd
lsUq,dmsáh oyï mdi,a <uqkaf.a i;a l%shdj we.hSug '''''''
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ 11
j;auka ro.=re ysñ ( w;s W;=ï úkaiagka m%kdkaÿ ^È'i'ks& ysñmdfKda
furg bme/Ks;u isxy, mqj;am; {dkd¾: m%§mhf;,a fkdisf|k keKre;a myk
jir 150 iure chka;sh ^1866 cqks 07 - 2016 cqks 07& óg jir 150 lg fmr «kdr®: m%°mh ,xldfõ yjq,a .Kka kshujQ lf;da,sl iud.u u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lroa° rg mqrd úúO m%foaY j,ska úúO ms˙ia ta yd w;aje,a neo .;ay'
ux., l,dmfha tlS ms˙ia j, kdu f,aLkhlao m<lr ;sìK' fld<U" fudrgqj" lΩ;r" .d,a," uykqjr" ud;f,a" .ïfmd," lE.,a," lvq.kakdj" r;akmqr" kqjrt<sh" n≥,a," ó.uqj" m,a,kafiak" wÆ;al+re fldar,h" ;=ve,a," muqKq.u wd° fmfoia j, ksfhda‚; kdu f,aLkhlao tys úh'
1866 ° cqjka m%kdka≥ keue;s .sys ie±yej;d keKre;a myk o,ajd,kakg mqfrda.dó jQfha hïfiao «kdr®: m%°mfha uq,au mQcl lr®;D jQfha .re fcdaka myuqfKa ks'u'ks' msh;=udh'
«kdr®: m%°mfha l;= fmryr fufiah' cqjka m%kdka≥ uy;d ^1866-1885&" f;dauia wïfn%daia chjr®Ok uy;d" ã' pdr®,aia fmfr®rd uy;d" .re fcdaka myuqfKa msh;=ud ^1912-1918&" ta'f–' onfr®rd uy;d ^1918&" ã'mS' l=rel=,iQ˙h uy;d ^1919-1952& .re ur®i,Skq chfldä ks'u'ks' msh;=ud" .re b.afkaIia .ï,;a msh;=ud ^1956-1960& .re m%Ekala udlia m%kdka≥ msh;=ud ^1960 wf.daia;= 20 - 1961& .re Tiaj,aâ f.dañia msh;=ud ^1961 wf.daia;= 25 - 1968& .re fcda' tïudkqfj,a úl%uisxy msh;=ud ^1968 - 1972& fylag fj,a.ïm, uy;d ^1973 - 1988& m%ekaisia ,shkdrÉÑ uy;d ^1988 wfma%a,a 28 - 1989 cqks 30& .re nr®g%ï onfr®rd msh;=ud ^1989 cQ,s 02 - 1992 wf.daia;= 08& .re fnkäla fcdaYma msh;=ud ^1992 wf.daia;= 15 - 2005 ckjd˙& .re is˙,a .dñ” m%kdka≥ msh;=ud ^2005 ckjd˙ 23 - 2010& .re Ydka; id.r fyÜáwdrÉÑ msh;=ud ^2010 isg fï olajd&
i. iem;a w;s W;=ï m%Ekala udlia m%kdka≥ ro.=re ysñmdKka «kdr®: m%°mh 125 chka;s l,ng fufia ,shd ;sìK' zud «kdr®: m%°mh ixialdrl OQrh oerefõ YS% ,xld iNd
b;sydifha ≥Ialr iufhl°h' fm!oa.,sl mdi,a rchg mjrd.;a
wj†fha°h' foaYmd,k n,Od¯ka iu. iNdj ta wkaoñka fl,skau
.egqKq fjk;a jljdkqjla .ek is;Su mjd W.ygh' tu igfka°
iNdj i;=j ;snQ m%n,;u wúh lf;da,sl mqj;am; úh' ^1991
wf.daia;= 4 b˙∞&
úY%dñl w.ro.=re w;s W;=ï Tiaj,aâ f.dañia ysñmdKka t∞ ish u;lh wj† lr ;snqfKa fufiah'
zm%°mh cd;sl uÜgfuka i,lkq ,nkafka lf;da,sl iNdfõ
fydrKEj ieáhghs' cd;sl m%Yak iïnkaOfhka lf;da,sl woyia
Woyia ±k.kakg we;s m%n, udOHh z«kdr®: m%°mhZ hs hk fmd≥
ms<s.ekSu jkafkah'¶ ^1991 wf.daia;= 4 b˙∞&
i. iem;a .re ur®i,Skq chfldä msh;=ud ish ld,h .ek lshd we;af;a fuf,ihs'
zojila∞ l=rel=,iQ˙h uy;d kej;=kd' ud uq,a mqgqjg .shd'
todu ug ys;=kd .shr® tl udre lrkak' fojeks" ;=kajeks" isjqjeks
.shfrg hklï hkak' udf.a wruqK m;a;fr® msgq 8 g 12 g
fm/,Suhs' fkdks∞" fkdld fkdî ud l=regq .Ejd' msgq 8-12 jqKd'
^1991 wf.daia;= 4 b˙∞&
i. iem;a .re fcda'B' úl%uisxy msh;=ud ish hq.h .ek u;lh wj†lr ;snqfKa fufiah'
zwd.ñl fukau iudchSh m%Yak b†˙fha f.k .sh tä;r yd
udOHia: Ndjh ksidu m%°mfha b,aÆu fo.=K f;.=K ù m†l
fõ†ldj, mjd wf,úh wdrïN úh' i∞ fkdksfuk m%°mhlajQ
wfma fï Y=oaOjQ m;%h m†l fõ†ldfõ ;nd úls”u thg lrk
wmydihlehs fpdaokd t,a, úh' ^1991 wf.daia;= 04 b˙∞&
i. iem;a .re b.afkaIia .ï,;a msh;=ud ish hq.h fufia isys.ekajhs'
zfn!oaO fldñIka iNd jdr®;dj msgjQ WKqiqu w;r iNdjg
fkdfhla fpdaokd t,a, jQ hq.hl ud lr®;D moúhg 1956 m;afjoa°
m;a;rh msgm;a 4000 la uqøKh úh' 1960 ° ud bka iuqf.k hoa°
msgm;a 16"000 olajd wf,úh jeä úh' ^1991 wf.daia;= 4 b˙∞&
ysgmq l;=jrhl= jQ fylag fj,a.ïm, uy;d ish hq.h .ek lshkafka fujeks l;djls'
zm%°mh isxy, lf;da,slhdf.a cd;sl jia;=jlah hk
fmd≥ ms<s.ekSu Tiafia talrdYsjk .sys ie±ye tluq;=j wo
fndfyda lf;da,sl .ïudk fj;ska .s,syS hk Wreuhl fYaIh
jYfhka ye†kaúh yelsh' mqj;am; yq≥ ;j;a tla fj<|
NdKavhla f,i i,lk iudchl m%°mh;a" m%°mh f,aLlhd;a m%°m
mdGlhd;a w;r ióm iïnkaOh ck udOH mr®fhaIK mj;ajd
úuis,a,g ,la l< hq;= fohls ^1991 wf.daia;= 04 b˙∞&
ysgmq l;=jrhl= jQ .re fnkäla fcdaYma msh;=ud m%°mh .ek fufia lreKq olajhs'
zuE; hq.hkays° mek ke.=Kq úúO wr®nqo wNsfhda. j,° ksrjq,aj
iy tä;rj cku;hla f.dvk.kakg b;d idr®:l f,i ∞hl ù
we;' fuh iqúfYaIS ;;ajhls ^2006 cqks 25 b˙∞&
ysgmq l;=jrhl= jQ .re is˙,a .dñ” m%kdka≥ msh;=ud fufia mjid we;'
zls;=kq ck;djg ish woyia Woyia" u;su;dka;r" úfõpk fukau
;u ≥la .ekú,s iy m%Yako weish hq;a;kag wefik f,i y~
k.d lshkakg myiqlï imhk fõ†ldjla f,i «kdr®: m%°mh
yiqrejkakg wms leue;af;uq' ta fõ†ldfõ wefikafka YS% ,xldfõ
ls;=kq y~ hehs wfkla ieufokd y≥kd.kq fkdwkqudkh'
Wm l;= ms˙jfrka ì|la ∑t∞ fu∞;=r «kdr®: m%°mfha fiajh l< Wm l;=jreka /ils' ta w;r ã'tµa' ld˙hlrjk" yshqn;a †idkdhl" ã'mS' l=rel=,iQ˙h" tauka ld˙hlrjk" meÜ˙la Or®ur;ak" fkdanÜ udj,f.a" fylag fj,a.ïm," fla' m%ekaisia" la,hsõ Ydka;" fjda,agr® fmfr®rd" frdydka ,shkf.a" Ysrdka ffu;S%" ã'ã' tï' ¯gd we;=Ω úYd, ms˙ila jQy'
fufia .uka.;a «kdr®: m%°mh jr®I 1966 ° ishji ieurE w;r" jr®I 1991 ° 125 chka;sh ieu¯h' 2006 jifr®° 140 chka;sh ieurE w;r ±ka W∞ù we;af;a 150 chka;shhs' jr®I 1986 cqks 07 jeks∞g fh≥kq «kdr®: m%°mh 120 chka;sh iu.ska «kdr®: m%°mh iu;, uqøK rgdjg msúiqfKah' wdrïNfha° m˙.Kl.; wl=re uqøKh msg;ska ,nd.;a;o wkQj oYlfha° fld<U lf;da,sl uqøKd,fhau m˙>kl wxYhla ìyslr msgq ieliSu wdrïN úh' 2008 ° fjí Tµa fiÜ uqøK hka;%hla ,nd .ekSu;a iu. mqj;am; kùk ;dCIKfha ishÆ Wreuhka ysñlr .ksñka ish ;dCIK ksï j<Æ mqΩ,a lr .;a;dh'
^Ysrdka ffu;S%&
miq.sh i;sfhka'''''''
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh 12
†h we,a, rñ, ksmqka 07 fY%a◊h
Y=' wdkd oyï mdi,
fndr,eiai
W≤ik wis˙hisñfhdka l%sYdksld
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Ö;a; fudaia;rhla ysuxi,d u,aIdks
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Y=oaOd;au wd.ukh ksfïIsld m%kdka≥
11 fY%a◊h
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uqyq≥ fjrf<a m%S;s jk <uqka,,s;a m%kdka≥ 03 fY%a◊h
W;a:dk jQ ls;= iñ≥ oyï mdi, - lfvd,a Whk
is;sú,a,udisl
Ñ;% msgqj
mqxÑ wfma
mqxÑ wfma Ñ;% msgqj i|yd Tn w¢k Ñ;%" mdif,a
fyda oyï mdif,a mx;sNdr .=re;=udf.a iy;slh iu. Tfí ku' mx;sh' mdi,
we;=<;aj Tfí fm!oa.,sl ,smskh yd ≥rl;k wxlh o iys;j fhduq lrkak'
§mqxÑ wfma Ñ;% msgqj¶ <ud m%°mh" wxl 02"
«kdr®: m%°mh udj;" fld<U 08'
m%Èmh<udl%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞ 13q
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fldl=ï jdikd chrejka
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fiahd refjys †iafõ' fgla,d l,afoard
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igyk - ksu,a ta w,afï∞ $ fiahd - flúka
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fu†k wjia:djla fiahdrefjys †iafõ' we.akia ishU,dmsáh
uvïme,a, id' f–ïia oyï mdif,a jdr®Isl ;Hd. m%Øfkda;aijh ó.uqj" W;=re l,dmSh kdysñ w;s.re meÜá%la fmfr®rd msh;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;ajqKs' fu†k wjia:djla fiahdrefjys †iafõ'
fiahd ( tÉ'ta' l,afoard $ igyk ( iqNdIs◊ u≥rdj,
l%sia;= jr®I 2016 ckjd˙ 18 i∫∞<ud m%Èmh
Y=oaOjQ cqfiajdia uqksmsh igyka'''