low energy building design group b romain jauffres, karen kennedy, pedro ros zuazua, ulrich sanson...
TRANSCRIPT
Low Energy Building Design
Group B
Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Embedded Generation
Scottish research centre
Introduction: aims; briefly introduce the design
What is the demand? profiles
Discuss different technologies which we have looked at and how they influence (suit) the demand profiles:
Solar
Wind
Ground heating
CHP
Next steps in investigation.
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
The Design
Residential building in remote Scotland
Occupancy:
52 during Summer (June 1st to August 31st),
16 during Winter (September 1st to May 31st)
Linked with a work building.
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Demand
Space heating
Water heating
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
space heating water heating
Demand
Lighting
Appliances
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Lighting Totals (kW)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
Totals
Solar: Photovoltaic
What:
Production of electrical power from the sun,
Characteristics:
Efficiency is higher for modules which are angled and even more so if they track the movement of the sun,
The power is harvested during the day, can be stored in batteries until there is demand but this reduces the efficiency,
Usually have a maximum efficiency of 15%,
Efficiency is increased by cooling the modules by ventilating at the back,
The power demand profile for our building has peak periods of demand between 0700 and 0900, 1200 and 1400, 1700 and 2300.
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Solar: Thermal
What:
Utilises the power of the sun to produce hot water,
Characteristics:
System efficiency is usually about 25%,
Good to have a large draw off of hot water in the middle of the day,
Again they have to be angled,
The hot water demands are between 0700 and 1000, 1200 and 1500, 1700 and 1900,
The changing hours of daylight throughout the year will alter the effectiveness of the system.
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Supply
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Solar Power
0
5
10
15
20
Janu
ary
Mar
chM
ay July
Septe
mbe
r
Novem
ber
Month
Ho
urs
of
Su
nsh
ine/
Po
wer
(k
Wh
)
Average Daily SunshineHours
P adjusted for temp
Solar Intensity
0
200
400
600
800
1000
00:00
03:00
06:00
09:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
Hour of Day
Inte
nsi
ty (
W/m
^2)
Intensity June (W/m 2̂)
Intensity January(W/m 2̂)
Wind turbines
what is it ?
extracting the kinetic
energy from an air flow
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Wind turbines
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
types / characteristics
power ratings : few kW to 2 MW (typical commercial in a farm 600kW)
life time : 15-25 years with maintenance
unpredictable source of power (minimum 5 m/s)
power in the wind is proportional to the cube of wind speed
Scotland is windy, this source of energy is viable.
Ground source heating
What:
Heat extracted from the ground via heat pumps
Characteristics:
Provide water and space heating
Stable resource (no fluctuation in ground temperature)
Requires energy input, efficiency given by CoP (3-4)
Suitable for our building and interesting because of the constant profile
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
Ground source heating
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
CHP
what:
production on-site of heat and power in a single independent system
characteristics:
Efficient utilisation of fuel
Heat provided is often hot water
H/P ratio depends on the type of engine: 0.5/1 < H/P < 5/1
Suitable for large and constant demands
Requires space
compatibility:
Living area: occasional occupancy, peak loads, no constant demand
Do not suit very well
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
CONCLUSION
Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson
We will investigate:
Alter the demand profiles to fit the supply = make changes
in operation, geometry and construction
Optimize the building consumption of renewable energy